Climate alarmists howl after EPA rescinds ‘Endangerment Finding’

The US Environmental Protection Agency has finally rescinded the 2009 Endangerment Finding (EF) – the Obama era EPA ruling that claimed carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gas” (GHG) emissions “endanger” human health and welfare. Within minutes, climate alarmists challenged it in court.

From CFACT

By Paul Driessen

The US Environmental Protection Agency has finally rescinded the 2009 Endangerment Finding (EF) – the Obama era EPA ruling that claimed carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gas” (GHG) emissions “endanger” human health and welfare. Within minutes, climate alarmists challenged it in court.

The action follows an extensive review of scientific evidence, legal and constitutional principles, and 572,000 public comments (534,000 via mass comment campaigns).

EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin called it “the single largest deregulatory action in US history.” Just eliminating federal GHG emission standards for vehicles (model years 2012–2027 and beyond) will save American taxpayers over $1.3 trillion, EPA estimates. They will no longer have to pay for measuring, reporting, certifying and complying with federal GHG vehicle emission standards.

EPA had attached endangerment tailpipe emission standards to impossible-to-meet 50.4 mpg fuel economy requirements – effectively banning internal combustion engines and forcing people to buy electric models. Now motorists can buy the cars and light trucks they choose.

Scrapping the hated automatic stop/start “feature” will save consumers $2,400 per vehicle – and hopefully let us have repair shops disable it. Anyone who’s tried to merge into moving traffic from even a brief stop knows how maddening and dangerous this gimmick is.

Future actions will likely eradicate endangerment diktats on coal and gas power plants that generate electricity for the grid. That will keep electricity costs affordable and ensure we have power when we need it: for lights, heat, AC, refrigerators, stoves, computers, entertainment, hospitals, schools, shops, offices, traffic lights, data centers and banking – not just on average days, but during winter storms and summer heatwaves. No Net Zero wind-solar-battery system yet devised can do that, at any price.

The Endangerment reversal generated predictable howls of outrage from factions with economic or ideological stakes in the Obama ruling and tomes of regulations promulgated in its wake. They’ll no longer be able to dictate energy, economic and consumer choices. The rest of us should rejoice.

The EF originated with Massachusetts v. EPA (2007). The US Supreme Court said EPA could regulate GHGs if the agency found that they “cause or contribute” to “air pollution” that may be “reasonably anticipated” to “endanger public health or welfare” by causing dangerous climate and weather changes.

The Obama EPA twisted and tortured science, history and common sense to fit the Court ruling and promulgated the Endangerment decree. Officially, the 2007 ruling has not been reversed.

However, the Trump EPA’s extensive final rule rescinding the EF demonstrates that Mass v EPA has effectively been reversed – and certainly rendered irrelevant by subsequent Supreme Court decisions, evidence-based science and international reality.

* Legal and constitutional rulings torpedo and sink the 2009 Endangerment dreadnaught.

In West Virginia v. EPA (2022) the Court ruled that federal agencies may not violate the “major questions doctrine,” which states that, in the absence of clear congressional direction or authorization, agencies may not make decisions or issue regulations “of vast economic and political significance.”

The Clean Air Act (CAA) does not include life-giving carbon dioxide as a pollutant. It provides no legislative language or other authorization for EPA to unilaterally declare that CO2 is a pollutant that would somehow “endanger public health or welfare” by causing or contributing to climate disruptions.

EPA nevertheless did precisely that – and used the Endangerment declaration to give itself effective control over the nation’s transportation, electricity generation, petrochemical and other industries; its economy, employment and living standards. EF regulations have impacts of undeniably “vast economic and political significance,” making them impermissible and unconstitutional.

The Supreme Court ruling in Loper Bright v. Raimondo (2024) restricted EPA’s discretion and assertion of power even further. That case overturned the Court’s 1984 decision in Chevron v. NRDC and ended judicial deference to government agencies (the “Chevron doctrine”). Bureaucrats may no longer devise self-proclaimed “reasonable interpretations” of unclear statutory language, if those interpretations would significantly expand regulatory powers or inflate private sector costs.

EPA’s Endangerment Finding doesn’t have a legal or constitutional leg to stand on.

* Evidence-based science gives EPA no foundation for declaring CO2 a dangerous pollutant.

Unlike pollutants listed in the CAA, carbon dioxide is nontoxic. Indeed, it is essential to planetary life. Humans and animals exhale it when they breathe; plants absorb CO2 during photosynthesis and emit oxygen. More atmospheric CO2 helps plants grow better, faster and with less water.

Endangerment proponents offer little more than baseless hair-raising assertions about climate calamities already upon us … and future catastrophes predicted by computer models based on GHGs controlling Earth’s climate. It’s Monty Python in Search of the Holy Grail of climate control – and ultimately control of American and world economies and living standards.

But as EPA’s new analysis, thousands of scientists, and reams of data and evidence demonstrate, this fearmongering does not reflect planetary reality. Average global temperatures have increased only slightly in 100 years; many US temperature records set in the 1930s still stand; and many alleged recent historic highs were recorded at airports and urban areas (heat islands).

Hurricane frequency and intensity likewise show minimal change since 1865; no Category 3-5 hurricanes struck the USA for a record twelve years, 10/2005–08/2017; and tornado frequency and intensity have actually declined since 1950.

There is no real-world evidence that CO2 or other GHGs have replaced the complex solar, cosmic and other natural forces that have brought numerous climate fluctuations throughout Earth history.

* Even total US elimination of fossil fuels would be a multi-trillion-dollar lesson in futility.

China emits one-third of global greenhouse gases, more than all developed nations combined. India and Indonesia add another tenth. They’re building new coal-fired power plants every month, to raise their people’s living standards and become global powers.

In still-destitute countries, billions have minimal, sporadic access to electricity 750 million have no access. They are constructing coal and gas power plants, industrializing, driving cars – and emitting GHGs at ever-increasing rates, to improve and save millions of lives. US emissions are irrelevant.

* The real dangers to our health and welfare come from eliminating fossil fuels.

Wind and solar power were de minimis during Winter Storm Fern. So was New England’s expected Canadian electricity. Coal, gas and nuclear power came to the rescue. Without them, thousands of lives would likely have been lost.

Oil, natural gas and coal still provide over 80% of total US primary energy consumption – plus irreplaceable feedstocks for more than 6,000 medical, pharmaceutical, communication, construction, transportation and other products. Without fossil fuels, our lives would revert to 1900 or earlier.

Any actual endangerment to our health and welfare does not arise from using fossil fuels – and possibly adding a smidgeon to adverse (or beneficial) climate and weather changes. It comes from eliminating fossil fuels, relying on “renewable” energy that’s missing when most needed, and denying humanity thousands of essential petrochemical products.

There is no basis for the DC Court of Appeals and US Supreme Court to do anything but affirm the Trump-Zeldin reversal of the ignominious, destructive Obama Era Endangerment Finding.

Nana Akua Show 30th December 2023 – PUTTING RIGHT 2023’S ALARMISM

Here we discuss some of 2023’s great alarmism events such as dam bursting too creat a flood, tornadoes, The declining European Wild Fires.

Climate Realism by Paul Burgess

Here we discuss some of 2023’s great alarmism events such as dam bursting too creat a flood, tornadoes, The declining European Wild Fires.

I explain why there can be heavy rainfall in places Like Libya. and why warmer climate reduces extreme weather and colder climate increases it.

Disgusting Tactics in the Nana Akua Show 16th December 23 between Paul Burgess & Jim Dale

In this episode we were again limited to very little time but it is the disgusting tactics of Jim Dale that made it a very sad episode.

Climate Realism by Paul Burgess

In this episode we were again limited to very little time but it is the disgusting tactics of Jim Dale that made it a very sad episode.

He wastes time ignorantly attacking persons instead of keeping his promise provide evidence of increasing droughts.

Worse than that he slanders one person and does it out of pure ignorance.

Daughter of Klaus Schwab Admits Covid Tyranny Was a Precursor to Coming Climate Lockdowns

Covid Tyranny Was a Precursor to Coming Climate Lockdowns

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“If We’re Going to Act Like Insects, Let’s At Least Be Smart About It”

Fascinating, isn’t it? The latest, greatest idea to hit the ‘green movement’ – and it’s borrowed from termites. Lund University just released a study stating that we can emulate the climate control used by termites in their mounds to create climate-smart buildings with a greater energy efficiency and a negligible carbon dioxide footprint.

From Watts Up With That?

Fascinating, isn’t it? The latest, greatest idea to hit the ‘green movement’ – and it’s borrowed from termites. Lund University just released a study stating that we can emulate the climate control used by termites in their mounds to create climate-smart buildings with a greater energy efficiency and a negligible carbon dioxide footprint.

These termite mounds are lauded for their sophisticated ventilation systems that supposedly regulate temperature and humidity. David Andréen, senior lecturer at the Department of Architecture and Built Environment at Lund University, waxes eloquent about the digitalisation of design, biological systems, and how they

provide an important model for how we can best utilise these possibilities.https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/994749

According to the research published in Frontiers in Materials, the interiors of termite mounds consist of interconnected channels, tunnels, and air chambers. These are believed to capture wind energy for respiration – or exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. The researchers suggest that similar structures could be integrated into building walls to facilitate a new method of controlling airflow, heat, and moisture.

Andréen introduces the concept of creating climate-smart buildings by developing turbulent, dynamic, and variable systems. These systems would require minor energy provision and could be controlled by very small equipment. The control of these systems would only necessitate electronic control,

“without using mechanical components such as fans, valves.”https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/994749

The research team evidently demonstrated how airflow interacts with geometry – how the parameters in a structure cause flows to arise and how these flows can be selectively regulated. Andréen suggests that this system could be a prerequisite for a

distributed system in which many small sensors and regulating devices are placed in the climate-adaptive building envelope through miniaturisation, durability/sustainability and cost reduction.https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/994749

At this point, it must be asked: Can these principles really be applied to human architecture in a meaningful, scalable, and cost-effective manner? The report casually suggests that this revolution in architecture would be possible only with complex internal geometries achieved via 3D printing. Has anyone accounted for the resource requirements, carbon footprint, and scalability of such an approach? In light of these questions, one can’t help but recall a similar time when “bio-inspired” design led to a spate of buildings shaped like pinecones and seashells, with little to no practical benefits or sustainability improvements.

Andréen concludes with an almost reverent admiration for the termites’ “building process” that results in “extremely complex well-functioning ‘engineering masterpieces’” without centralised control or drawings. Well, insects they might be, but one must remember that termites have been around for millions of years, fine-tuning their constructions to their specific needs and environment, without the constraints of urban planning regulations, building codes, or market forces.

While the concept itself is intriguing, one must not forget to take into account the inherent complexities and realities of human architecture and urban development before crowning termites as our architectural messiahs. Until these climate-smart designs can demonstrate their viability in real-world applications – scaled up from termite-sized mounds to human-sized buildings, accounting for the myriad of regulations, cost considerations, and human comfort needs – one might take this research with a grain of sand… or should we say, a piece of wood?

Source: Lund University. “Climate-friendly air conditioning inspired by termites.” Lund University News, 2023. DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2023.1126974.

It’s an open access article if you wish go read it.

Termite-inspired metamaterials for flow-active building envelopes

David Andréen1* and Rupert Soar2

  • 1BioDigital Matter, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • 2School of Architecture, Design, and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom

In this article we investigate the performative potential of reticulated tunnel networks to act as drivers for selective airflows in building envelopes and thereby facilitate semi-passive climate regulation. We explore whether such transient flow can be used to create functionally graded metamaterials in bio-inspired, additively fabricated buildings. The tunnel networks are modelled on the egress complex found in the mound of certain macrotermite species. The hypothesis we explore is that oscillating airflow of low amplitude can be used to generate large scale turbulence within the network and thereby increase the mass transfer rates across the network. The hypothesis is tested through a series of 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional experiments where various geometries are exposed to a forced oscillation of the air or water column. The results are evaluated in the 3-dimesional experiments through tracer gas measurements, and in the 2-dimenstional experiments through visual qualitative assessment using fluorescein dye. We find that the oscillating fluid gives rise to large scale turbulence that causes a net mass transport across the tunnel network, and that this turbulence occurs when certain combinations of amplitude, frequency, and network geometry are achieved. Furthermore, we conclude that the net mass transfer is large enough to be functionally useful in a building envelope as a method to regulate either building interior climate or the envelope’s own microclimate.

1 Introduction

Emerging technologies in additive fabrication and computational design are opening up radical new possibilities for performative building envelopes, where intricate and (micro)site-specific geometries can enable the creation of functionally graded metamaterials (Soar and Andréen, 2012). Metamaterials are materials shaped in ways that give them properties not exhibited in their naturally occurring conditions. They have long been a concept meaningful primarily in small-scale, high-value engineering such as electronics or more recently mechanical engineering. However, with the emergence of additive fabrication technologies capable of producing complex geometries even at large volumes (current state-of-the-art powder bed printers can produce objects up to 8 cubic meters overnight, with exceptionally high resolution), there is a growing opportunity to implement these concepts in the construction industry.

In this paper we explore how such functionally graded metamaterials can potentially be modelled on the structures found in termite mounds. The large mound structures are created by termites to act as physiological organs that, through their complex and functional internal geometry, regulate significant flows of respiratory gases and maintain an internal microclimate with steep gradients in humidity and temperature towards the outside (Heyde et al., 2021). They gain their function primarily from geometry and can adapt to a surprising range of surrounding environments. Biological systems exhibit a strong coherence between form and function, and are able to draw benefits from highly complex and specific form. They can serve as a model not only for the direct relationship between form and performance, but also for the generative processes that enable organisms to produce such structures (Andréen and Goidea, 2022; Goidea et al., 2022).

The hypothesis tested in this paper is that the tunnel network found in the envelope of the mound can, when activated by transient air movements, generate a useful and controllable mass transport across the envelope. If such a flow can be selectively created within and across a permeable structure, it may provide a useful tool for semi-passive regulation of building climates and building envelope microclimates. The ambition of the paper is to provide a proof-of-concept for previously undocumented mechanisms and establish what geometric parameters can be used to control the effects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1126974/full

Citation: Andréen D and Soar R (2023) Termite-inspired metamaterials for flow-active building envelopes. Front. Mater. 10:1126974. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2023.1126974

Copyright © 2023 Andréen and Soar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.