Effect of UHI This Summer

As I wrote a couple of days ago, there is a big discrepancy between the Met Office’s HadUK dataset, which shows this summer as being 0.4C hotter than 1976, and its own CET series, which shows the two summers as tied.

A busy street in London with pedestrians walking, featuring the iconic Big Ben clock tower and the Houses of Parliament in the background.

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

As I wrote a couple of days ago, there is a big discrepancy between the Met Office’s HadUK dataset, which shows this summer as being 0.4C hotter than 1976, and its own CET series, which shows the two summers as tied.

One of the major differences between the two datasets is that CET is based on rural stations, unlike HadUK. It is therefore worth looking at the Min and Max temperatures:

A table comparing summer temperatures for the years 1976 and 2025 across three categories: Mean, Max, and Min, with data from HadUK Midland and CET.

Both datasets show 1976 as being hotter in terms of daily max temperatures, though the gap is smaller on HadUK.

But the biggest difference between the two sets is on minimum temperatures, which accounts for about two-thirds of the difference in mean temperatures.

This begs the question of how much UHI has contributed to HadUK temperatures this summer. We know that many of the sites used by the Met Office are urban, that the UHI effect has increased in recent decades and that the Met Office do not adjust for it.

While we all have our theories, it is plainly not our job to prove or disprove anything. The massive discrepancy between CET and HadUK must now be explained by the Met Office themselves.

It is, of course, a much wider issue than a single comparison with 1976. The whole HadUK dataset is contaminated with spurious UHI warming, which cannot simply be waved away.

Finally, have a look at this little puzzler, which compares CET with Heathrow:

A table comparing summer temperatures recorded at Heathrow and the CET for the years 1976 and 2025, showing mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures along with the differences.

What I want to draw your attention to is the relative figures for Minimum temperatures. The comparison with 1976 is virtually identical between CET and Heathrow, both about 0.7C lower in 1976.

Heathrow is 0.74C warmer this summer, which is much less than the 1.49C listed for HadUK.

We regularly rightly call out the heat spikes during the day at Heathrow, but at night the heat there quickly dissipates, unlike in urban areas.

This is strong evidence that HadUK minimum temperatures are inflated by UHI effect.

CET Adjustments

I have been asked to publish the CET figure before and after adjustments.

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

I have been asked to publish the CET figure before and after adjustments.

Below are the annual means.

The full monthly data can be viewed here.

CurrentLegacyDiff
16598.98.870.03
16609.19.10
16619.89.780.02
16629.59.52-0.02
16638.68.63-0.03
16649.39.34-0.04
16658.38.290.01
16669.99.860.04
16678.58.52-0.02
16689.59.51-0.01
166999.02-0.02
167098.960.04
16719.19.080.02
16728.88.82-0.02
16738.48.380.02
16748.18.12-0.02
16757.97.880.02
16768.88.84-0.04
16778.88.780.02
16788.48.45-0.05
16798.88.760.04
16808.98.890.01
16818.78.75-0.05
168299.05-0.05
16838.58.490.01
168487.950.05
16859.29.160.04
168610.210.150.05
168798.990.01
16887.97.860.04
16898.68.560.04
16908.98.94-0.04
16918.28.170.03
16927.77.73-0.03
16938.58.470.03
16947.77.670.03
16957.37.290.01
16968.58.52-0.02
16978.18.050.05
16987.77.670.03
16998.88.83-0.03
17008.68.60
17018.78.75-0.05
17029.39.31-0.01
17039.19.090.01
17049.19.070.03
17058.78.75-0.05
17069.89.82-0.02
17079.49.41-0.01
17089.79.680.02
17098.78.74-0.04
17109.59.490.01
17119.49.42-0.02
17129.19.14-0.04
17138.68.64-0.04
17149.49.44-0.04
17159.49.44-0.04
17168.48.380.02
171799.04-0.04
17189.39.290.01
17199.59.490.01
17209.19.10
17218.98.91-0.01
17229.49.370.03
17239.89.80
17249.39.280.02
17258.78.690.01
17269.49.360.04
1727109.970.03
17289.59.54-0.04
17299.39.290.01
173010.110.070.03
17319.99.90
17329.79.690.01
173310.510.50
17349.89.82-0.02
17359.69.570.03
173610.310.33-0.03
17379.99.95-0.05
17389.89.84-0.04
17399.29.21-0.01
17406.96.860.04
17419.39.32-0.02
17428.48.380.02
17439.89.83-0.03
17448.88.80
17458.88.85-0.05
17468.78.660.04
17479.89.84-0.04
17488.88.790.01
17499.59.490.01
17509.79.71-0.01
17518.58.470.03
17529.29.21-0.01
17539.19.12-0.02
17548.98.870.03
17558.68.580.02
17568.88.780.02
175798.970.03
175898.980.02
17591010.03-0.03
17609.89.85-0.05
17611010.02-0.02
17629.69.61-0.01
17638.98.95-0.05
17648.78.73-0.03
17658.68.550.05
17668.78.660.04
17678.78.70
17688.98.95-0.05
17698.88.81-0.01
17708.58.53-0.03
17718.68.580.02
17729.29.170.03
17739.39.290.01
17749.19.090.01
177510.110.11-0.01
177699.02-0.02
17779.19.12-0.02
17789.29.23-0.03
177910.410.41-0.01
17809.19.12-0.02
178110.210.23-0.03
178288.05-0.05
17839.39.31-0.01
17847.87.85-0.05
17858.68.580.02
17868.28.27-0.07
17879.39.31-0.01
17889.29.22-0.02
17898.98.93-0.03
17909.49.46-0.06
17919.39.290.01
17929.29.20
17939.19.13-0.03
17949.99.90
17958.78.71-0.01
179699.02-0.02
179799.03-0.03
17989.69.63-0.03
17997.97.92-0.02
18009.39.280.02
18019.69.63-0.03
180298.980.02
18039.19.090.01
18049.69.590.01
1805990
18069.89.84-0.04
18078.78.690.01
18088.98.860.04
180998.960.04
18108.88.780.02
18119.79.690.01
18128.28.21-0.01
18138.78.72-0.02
18147.87.780.02
18159.19.070.03
18167.97.890.01
18178.98.890.01
18189.99.880.02
18199.39.270.03
18208.68.560.04
18219.69.550.05
182210.110.060.04
18238.48.40
18249.39.32-0.02
18259.89.760.04
182610.110.090.01
18279.59.51-0.01
182810.310.32-0.02
18298.28.180.02
18308.78.72-0.02
183110.110.13-0.03
18329.59.490.01
18339.59.52-0.02
183410.510.51-0.01
18359.69.570.03
18368.98.880.02
18378.98.850.05
18388.18.10
18398.78.71-0.01
18408.58.52-0.02
18418.88.750.05
18429.39.250.05
18439.19.10
18448.68.60
18458.38.30
184610.210.160.04
18479.39.260.04
18489.49.42-0.02
18499.39.32-0.02
18509.19.10
18519.29.180.02
18529.89.82-0.02
18538.48.41-0.01
18549.39.34-0.04
18558.18.090.01
18569.19.10
185710.110.11-0.01
18589.29.160.04
18599.69.64-0.04
18607.97.92-0.02
18619.29.150.05
18629.29.21-0.01
18639.79.690.01
18648.98.870.03
18659.79.72-0.02
18669.79.680.02
186799.03-0.03
186810.410.40
18699.69.62-0.02
187099.02-0.02
18719.19.070.03
18729.89.760.04
187399.03-0.03
18749.39.33-0.03
18759.59.480.02
18769.59.53-0.03
18779.29.190.01
18789.39.260.04
18797.47.44-0.04
18809.19.10
18818.68.580.02
18829.59.470.03
188399.04-0.04
18849.89.85-0.05
18858.68.580.02
18868.78.74-0.04
18878.38.30
18888.28.24-0.04
188999.02-0.02
18908.88.760.04
18918.58.51-0.01
18928.28.180.02
18931010.01-0.01
18949.39.32-0.02
18958.78.70
18969.39.34-0.04
18979.49.44-0.04
189810.110.10
18999.79.71-0.01
19009.69.60
19019.29.150.05
19028.98.880.02
19039.39.33-0.03
190499.02-0.02
19059.29.160.04
19069.59.470.03
19078.98.880.02
19089.39.280.02
19098.68.590.01
19109.29.20
191110.110.090.01
19129.49.370.03
19139.89.83-0.03
19149.99.90
191598.960.04
19169.29.20
19178.58.55-0.05
19189.59.53-0.03
19198.58.53-0.03
19209.69.580.02
192110.510.51-0.01
19228.78.70
19239.19.11-0.01
19249.39.290.01
19259.29.20
19269.79.74-0.04
19279.29.24-0.04
19289.69.590.01
19299.19.060.04
19309.59.470.03
193199.02-0.02
19329.49.41-0.01
19339.99.860.04
19341010.03-0.03
19359.79.74-0.04
19369.49.350.05
19379.69.590.01
193810.210.21-0.01
19399.79.70
19409.19.060.04
19419.19.12-0.02
19429.19.11-0.01
194310.110.050.05
19449.69.590.01
194510.310.290.01
19469.59.460.04
19479.69.65-0.05
19481010.03-0.03
194910.610.64-0.04
19509.49.43-0.03
19519.39.30
19529.19.12-0.02
19539.99.870.03
19549.39.260.04
19559.39.33-0.03
19568.98.870.03
195710.110.060.04
19589.49.45-0.05
195910.510.52-0.02
19609.79.75-0.05
1961109.950.05
19628.68.61-0.01
19638.58.52-0.02
19649.59.480.02
196598.990.01
19669.59.470.03
19679.69.64-0.04
19689.39.32-0.02
19699.39.32-0.02
19709.69.60
19719.79.72-0.02
19729.29.22-0.02
19739.69.570.03
19749.69.64-0.04
19751010.04-0.04
19761010.1-0.1
19779.49.51-0.11
19789.49.47-0.07
19798.78.85-0.15
19809.49.42-0.02
19819.29.28-0.08
19829.89.86-0.06
198310.110.10
19849.79.75-0.05
19858.98.90
19868.78.81-0.11
198799.08-0.08
19889.79.8-0.1
198910.410.54-0.14
199010.610.65-0.05
19919.59.58-0.08
19929.89.87-0.07
19939.59.52-0.02
199410.210.29-0.09
199510.510.55-0.05
19969.29.22-0.02
199710.510.56-0.06
199810.310.35-0.05
199910.610.65-0.05
200010.210.32-0.12
20019.99.97-0.07
200210.610.63-0.03
200310.510.54-0.04
200410.510.50
200510.510.480.02
200610.910.870.03
200710.510.50
2008109.970.03
200910.210.140.06
20108.98.860.04
201110.710.72-0.02
20129.89.720.08
20139.69.61-0.01
20141110.950.05
201510.310.31-0.01
201610.410.340.06
201710.610.580.02
201810.710.680.02
201910.410.340.06
202010.810.760.04
202110.310.260.04

Tampering With CET

Apart from the subtle changes to overall trends, this tampering changes the comparison with recent temperatures and those in the 1970s, 80s and 90’s. The summers of 1995 and 2018 are a classic example. With 1995’s summer cooled by 0.07C, it now only ties with last summer, instead of being hotter.

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/download.html

Last year the Met Office made some changes to the CET record. I did not pay too much attention at the time, as the changes appeared to be minor.

However, when I was writing my review of 2022, I noticed that whereas the summer of 1995 had been 0.1C warmer than 2018’s in the original Version 1, they had changed places in Version 2. To be precise, the summer of 1995 had been cooled by 0.07C, whilst 2018’s had been warmed by 0.13C.

I have now got around to analysing the full dataset, and the chart below shows the annual adjustments made:

Positive numbers are where V2 temperatures are higher than V1.

As you can see, for most of the record up to 1970, the adjustments are small and with no obvious pattern, ups and downs offsetting each other.

Then quite suddenly the years from 1970 to 2003 have been cooled quite markedly. Then just as abruptly the temperatures have been consistently adjusted up again.

No doubt the Met Office will gloss over this with some excuse, but unfortunately it is part of a much wider tampering with temperatures globally – and the tampering is always one way,cooling the past and heating the present.

Apart from the subtle changes to overall trends, this tampering changes the comparison with recent temperatures and those in the 1970s, 80s and 90’s. The summers of 1995 and 2018 are a classic example. With 1995’s summer cooled by 0.07C, it now only ties with last summer, instead of being hotter.

And although we don’t have a V1 for last summer, it is safe to assume that V2 temperatures were inflated in a similar way to 2018, which was adjusted upwards by 0.13C.

This all rather puts the Met Office in a bad light.