{"id":457234,"date":"2026-07-23T03:18:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T10:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=457234"},"modified":"2026-07-23T03:18:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T10:18:57","slug":"frequency-of-dust-storms-increases-due-to-climate-change-who-2025-vs-decreases-due-to-complex-factors-in-the-sahara-sahel-region-yeo-et-al-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=457234","title":{"rendered":"Frequency of Dust Storms: Increases Due to Climate Change (WHO, 2025) vs Decreases Due to Complex Factors in the Sahara-Sahel Region (Yeo et al., 2026)!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From CO2- Coalition\u00b4s Substack<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Ganapathy Shanmugam, Ph.D.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The prevailing climate narrative is that the frequency of dust storms (Fig. 1) tends to increase with global warming (Fig. 2). But the empirical datasets from the Sahara-Sahel region (Fig. 3) reveal that the opposite trend is true for the period 1984-2023 (Fig. 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dust storms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A dust storm, also called a sand storm, is a meteorological phenomenon<\/a> common in arid<\/a> and semi-arid<\/a> regions. Dust storms arise when a gust front<\/a> or other strong wind<\/a> blows loose sand<\/a> and dirt<\/a> from a dry surface. Fine particles are transported by both saltation<\/a> and suspension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dust storms commonly begin when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7 A dry cold front<\/strong> sweeps through.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7 A thunderstorm collapses<\/strong>, creating a powerful downdraft.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7 Strong pressure gradients<\/strong> generate high winds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most dramatic type\u2014a haboob<\/strong>\u2014forms when a thunderstorm\u2019s downdraft hits desert soil and spreads outward like a giant broom, lifting a massive wall of dust. These dust storms can reduce visibility, disrupt transportation, and pose serious health risks. The arid regions (Fig. 1) of North Africa<\/a>, the Middle East<\/a>, Central Asia<\/a> and China<\/a> are the main terrestrial sources of airborne dust (Wikipedia https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dust_storm<\/a>). A major desert dust storm can rise 1,500\u20132,000 m<\/strong> high and advance at 60\u201380 km\/h<\/strong>, with some gust fronts exceeding 100 km\/h<\/strong>. Visibility often drops to zero<\/strong>. They can stretch hundreds of kilometers<\/strong>, with rare events spanning up to 1,000 km<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate-Change Narrative<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2025) states that \u201cClimate change contributes to desertification, which in turn may increase the frequency and spread of sand and dust storms. Recently, the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and other areas have observed a surge in frequency, duration and intensity of sand and dust storms.\u201d However, WHO (2025) did not explain the details of how Climate Change can increase the frequency of dust storms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empirical Data from North Africa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a comprehensive regional study of dust storms in the Sahara-Sahel region of North Africa, Yeo et al. (2026) have documented that North African dust storms have undergone marked variability, reflecting complex interactions between regional climate processes and environmental change. These authors, using four decades (1984\u20132023) of visibility\u2010based observational records, have examined regional and seasonal trends in dust storm frequency across the Sahel and the Sahara, capturing their distinct dust dynamics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Results reveal a significant decline in dust activity in both regions (Fig. 4), most pronounced during pre\u2010monsoon (MAM) and monsoon (JJA) seasons in the Sahel, and during post\u2010monsoon (SON) and dry season (DJF) in the Sahara. Integrating surface observations with local meteorology (precipitation, surface wind speed, vegetation) and climate indices (AMO, NAO, MEI), Yeo et al. (2026) find the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as the primary driver, with region\u2010specific effects: in the Sahel, AMO\u2010driven warming and rainfall increase vegetation, suppressing dust; in the Sahara, AMO intensifies the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) and elevates temperatures, modulating dust through atmospheric stability and wind patterns. Local meteorology further differentiates responses, with precipitation and Leaf Area Index (LAI) dominating dust variability in the Sahel, while SHL strength and surface winds are most influential in the Sahara. By explicitly separating the Sahel and Sahara and integrating multiple drivers, this study provides a more spatially resolved understanding of dust\u2013climate link and suggests continued declines in North African dust storm activity under future warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In light of the Climate Narrative, it is worth noting that \u201cDesertification and dust productions are caused by low CO2<\/sub> concentrations\u201d (Palmer and Elias, 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Implications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clearly, available empirical datasets from North Africa do not validate the notion that Fossil Fuels and related CO2 emissions (as implied by the WHO narrative) are the cause of increasing frequency of dust storms. Dust storms are products of meteorological factors. In this context, humans are utterly impotent when it comes to controlling Forces of Nature (e.g., Dust storms, Cyclones, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, Meteorite Impacts, and Earthquakes). Humans can neither create nor stop Extreme Weather Events!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Figure 1<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Figure 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Figure 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Figure 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I thank Angela Wheeler, Executive Director of the CO2<\/sub> Coalition, for inviting me to present this contribution and Ethan Otte for helping. I also thank William Happer for valuable suggestions. I am grateful to Jean Shanmugam for her comments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Christy, J. R. (2022).<\/strong> Data shows there\u2019s no climate catastrophe looming \u2013 climatologist Dr J Christy debunks the narrative. BizNewsTv. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch? v=qJv1IPNZQao<\/a> Retrieved May 2, 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOAA (2024).<\/strong> Global Monitoring Laboratory. Earth System Research Laboratories. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2). https:\/\/gml.noaa.gov\/ccgg\/trends\/<\/a> Retrieved August 16, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Palmer, M. and Elias, R. (2016).<\/strong> Modulation of ice ages via precession and dust-albedo feedbacks. Geoscience Frontiers<\/a>, Volume 7, Issue 6<\/a>, November 2016, Pages 891-909.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHO (World Health Organization) (2025).<\/strong> Sand and Dust Storms. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sand-and-dust-storms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeo, K., Oluleye, A., Yoroba, F., Hamidi, M., & Shao, Y. (2026).<\/strong> Trend of North African dust storms and potential link to climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres<\/em>, 131, e2025JD043630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2025JD043630<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shanmugam, G., (2026). Frequency of Dust Storms: Increases due to Climate Change (WHO, 2025) vs Decreases due to Complex Factors in the Sahara-Sahel Region (Yeo et al., 2026)! 5 p. CO2<\/sub> Coalition Substack. July 22, 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Ganapathy Shanmugam is a CO2<\/sub> Coalition Member, a petroleum geologist, and a sedimentologist with more than 50 years of experience in geology and energy research. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee<\/em> and worked for Mobil (1978-2000) before becoming an independent consultant. He has published extensively on deep-water sediments and petroleum reservoirs. His 317 published works on ResearchGate have reached 250,518 (over one-quarter million) reads from 32 countries as of July 19, 2026. He has also lectured and conducted workshops around the world.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s New!<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The CO2<\/sub><\/em> Coalition has released its new episode of the Climate Debrief<\/em> Podcast, The Science Behind Climate Policy,<\/em> featuring Dr. John Dale Dunn. Watch the full video on YouTube here<\/a><\/strong><\/em>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Climate Debrief Podcast <\/em>is now also available on Apple<\/a>, Spotify<\/a>, Amazon<\/a>, and iHeartRadio<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dust storms (also called sandstorms) are meteorological events where strong winds lift loose sand, dust, and dirt from dry surfaces into the air, creating clouds or walls of particles that reduce visibility and can travel long distances.<\/p>\n

Haboobs are intense dust storms triggered by thunderstorm downdrafts. They appear as dramatic advancing walls of dust, sometimes thousands of feet high and miles long. <\/p>\n

The most infamous is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the U.S. Great Plains. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":457258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691828920,691829997,691818056,691829869,691844206,691818087,691844208,691844205,691844207,691821040],"class_list":["post-457234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation-amo","tag-carbon-dioxide-co","tag-climate-change","tag-dust-storms","tag-empirical-data","tag-global-warming","tag-leaf-area-index-lai","tag-sahara-sahel-region","tag-saharan-heat-low-shl","tag-world-health-organization-who","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/0-ChatGPT-Frequency-of-Dust-Storms-Increases-Due-to-Climate-Change-WHO-2025-vs-Decreases-Due-to-Complex-Factors-in-the-Sahara-Sahel-Region-Yeo-et-al.-2026.png?fit=1693%2C929&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1UWK","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":442009,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=442009","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":0},"title":"Dust Storms: Hidden Drivers of Extreme Rainfall and Global Precipitation Shifts","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/30\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Dust storm activity exhibits pronounced global variability characterized by strong regional contrasts and interdecadal oscillations rather than a uniform worldwide trend. Analyses spanning 1979\u20132023 using reanalysis datasets and ground observations reveal cycles of approximately 10\u201314 years in global dusty weather frequency, with a general decline from the late 1970s to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation-amo"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Dust-Storms-Hidden-Drivers-of-Extreme-Rainfall-and-Global-Precipitation-Shifts.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Dust-Storms-Hidden-Drivers-of-Extreme-Rainfall-and-Global-Precipitation-Shifts.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Dust-Storms-Hidden-Drivers-of-Extreme-Rainfall-and-Global-Precipitation-Shifts.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Dust-Storms-Hidden-Drivers-of-Extreme-Rainfall-and-Global-Precipitation-Shifts.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240463,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=240463","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":1},"title":"Increased Atmospheric Dust Is Masking Greenhouse Gases\u2019 Warming Effect","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/19\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"UCLA researchers say climate change could accelerate slightly if dust levels stop climbing","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-835.png?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-835.png?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-835.png?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-835.png?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-835.png?fit=1200%2C798&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":404849,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=404849","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":2},"title":"Recent Dust Storm Panic Is Just More Hot Air From Climate Alarmists","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/25\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In Inside Climate News\u2019 article, \u201cDust Storms Surprise the Midwest and Raise Worries About Climate Risks\u201d, published September 21, 2025, Nikita Ponomarenko reports on recent dust storms in Illinois and Kansas that resulted in tragic accidents. The story frames these storms as a possible \u201cnew normal\u201d tied to climate change,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Alarmists\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Alarmists","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-alarmists"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNZZr5w8iSSlyxPzdlsq-40ko40dIaVurz30rPNsOC02cVbv-cVpOoi0LRqhbvm4P-3vPLSkFn-UKehqPZ5BWNd5NHy9mSczPaHBJ3AFlQISxxXqu6JgfKuNWoLLooxTn3coRQJQIAQV4TS72jrYwrKqp4-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNZZr5w8iSSlyxPzdlsq-40ko40dIaVurz30rPNsOC02cVbv-cVpOoi0LRqhbvm4P-3vPLSkFn-UKehqPZ5BWNd5NHy9mSczPaHBJ3AFlQISxxXqu6JgfKuNWoLLooxTn3coRQJQIAQV4TS72jrYwrKqp4-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNZZr5w8iSSlyxPzdlsq-40ko40dIaVurz30rPNsOC02cVbv-cVpOoi0LRqhbvm4P-3vPLSkFn-UKehqPZ5BWNd5NHy9mSczPaHBJ3AFlQISxxXqu6JgfKuNWoLLooxTn3coRQJQIAQV4TS72jrYwrKqp4-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNZZr5w8iSSlyxPzdlsq-40ko40dIaVurz30rPNsOC02cVbv-cVpOoi0LRqhbvm4P-3vPLSkFn-UKehqPZ5BWNd5NHy9mSczPaHBJ3AFlQISxxXqu6JgfKuNWoLLooxTn3coRQJQIAQV4TS72jrYwrKqp4-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNZZr5w8iSSlyxPzdlsq-40ko40dIaVurz30rPNsOC02cVbv-cVpOoi0LRqhbvm4P-3vPLSkFn-UKehqPZ5BWNd5NHy9mSczPaHBJ3AFlQISxxXqu6JgfKuNWoLLooxTn3coRQJQIAQV4TS72jrYwrKqp4-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":273177,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=273177","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":3},"title":"In one picture: Why we have a slow Atlantic hurricane season","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/13\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"And there you have it, \u201cdust in the wind\u201d is preventing formation of \u201cCape Verde\u201d type hurricanes.","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic Ocean\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic Ocean","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-ocean"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0satellite-saharan-dust-1.webp?fit=1200%2C638&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0satellite-saharan-dust-1.webp?fit=1200%2C638&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0satellite-saharan-dust-1.webp?fit=1200%2C638&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0satellite-saharan-dust-1.webp?fit=1200%2C638&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0satellite-saharan-dust-1.webp?fit=1200%2C638&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":337720,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=337720","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":4},"title":"Saharan dust regulates hurricane rainfall","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/27\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Giant plumes of Sahara Desert dust that gust across the Atlantic can suppress hurricane formation over the ocean and affect weather in North America.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/074456919007-062724-sunrise-01.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/074456919007-062724-sunrise-01.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/074456919007-062724-sunrise-01.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/074456919007-062724-sunrise-01.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/074456919007-062724-sunrise-01.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":342334,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=342334","url_meta":{"origin":457234,"position":5},"title":"Mysteries Surrounding The 2024 Atlantic Hurricane Season. CO2 Definitely Not The Driving Factor","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/08\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"According to the\u00a0NOAA US weather agency, the hurricane season lasts from June 1 to November 30 of each year. During this time, the conditions needed for extreme areas of pressure to build up prevail. First and foremost, the water temperature of the Atlantic is decisive, but so is wind shear.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic Hurricane Season\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic Hurricane Season","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-hurricane-season"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Hurricane-NASA-photo-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C817&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Hurricane-NASA-photo-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C817&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Hurricane-NASA-photo-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C817&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Hurricane-NASA-photo-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C817&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Hurricane-NASA-photo-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C817&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=457234"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":457260,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/457234\/revisions\/457260"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/457258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=457234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=457234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=457234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}