{"id":451055,"date":"2026-06-19T04:29:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=451055"},"modified":"2026-06-19T04:29:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:29:04","slug":"solar-energy-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=451055","title":{"rendered":"Solar Energy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"451074\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451074\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ChatGPT Image 5. Juni 2025, 11_31_27\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?fit=723%2C723&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=723%2C723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451074\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=640%2C640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=800%2C800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=600%2C600&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=450%2C450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?resize=50%2C50&amp;ssl=1 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/co2coalition.substack.com\/p\/solar-energy-the-good-the-bad-and\">CO2- Coalition\u00b4s Substack<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Ganapathy Shanmugam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Good<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Solar Supremacy of Energy: The Sun is the primary energy source for our planet\u2019s energy budget and contributes to processes throughout Earth (Fig. 1) (<em>UCAR\/The COMET Program&nbsp;<\/em>) <a href=\"https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/learning-zone\/earth-system\/energy-from-sun\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/scied.ucar.edu\/learning-zone\/earth-system\/energy-from-sun<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although we classify energy into two groups, namely (1) Fossil Fuels (i.e., Coal, Natural Gas, and Oil) and (2) Renewable Energy (E.g., Solar, Wind, and Hydro), both groups derive their energy from the Sun (Fig. 2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Bad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chandrasekharam and Ranjith Pathegama {2020) provide a brilliant analysis of \u201cCO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emissions from renewables\u201d. Accordingly, Solar PV cells emit more CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;than Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas (Fig. 3). The total CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emissions during the lifecycle of a solar PV cell are about 3,312 \u00d7 10\u2076 kg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In addition to the emissions related to the manufacture of solar PV cells, solar panels and solar cell waste management are of great concern. Globally the generation of solar panel waste will be of the order of 78 million tons (Weckend et al. 2016).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Countries involved in the manufacture of solar PV cells will emit considerable amounts of CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;from this source in addition to coal-based thermal power plants (Fig. 4). Solar PV cells may not emit CO<sub>2&nbsp;<\/sub>during the generation of electricity, but during their lifetime emissions are considerable. Therefore, solar PV cannot be considered a zero-emission source (Chandrasekharam and Ranjith Pathegama, 2020).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Ugly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7 The Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project (Fig. 5A) which was a solar thermal power project with an installed capacity of 110 megawatt (MW) and 1.1 gigawatt-hours of energy storage located near Tonopah, about 190 miles (310 km) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, at an estimated cost of $1 billion, filed for bankruptcy in 2020 (Fig. 5A).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a7&nbsp;Solyndra&nbsp;(Solar Energy Project). (Fig. 5B), a renewable energy firm that became a darling of the Obama Administration, shut the doors of its California headquarters Wednesday on August 31, 2011, Solyndra Inc. raising fresh questions from critics about political favoritism and wasted money in the federal loan program. The manufacturer of rooftop solar panels opened its doors in 2005, and in 2009 became the first recipient of an Obama administration energy loan guarantee \u2013 a $535 million federal commitment that helped minimize the risk to venture capital firms backing the solar startup.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the combined wind + solar investment and production tax credits will increase federal deficits by $300\u202fbillion over 2026\u20132035. That averages to roughly $30\u202fbillion per year, but this is for both wind and solar, not solar alone. By comparison, Fossil Fuels receive $3 billion per year in federal subsidies. Analysts who count only&nbsp;<strong>explicit, measurable federal tax breaks<\/strong>&nbsp;(e.g., intangible drilling costs, percentage depletion, geological &amp; geophysical amortization) estimate annual subsidies at roughly&nbsp;<strong>$2\u20133\u202fbillion<\/strong>. This figure is based on EIA and Treasury fiscal data and highlighted by Energy Intelligence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The recent U.S.\/Israel-Iran War, which began on February 28, 2026, triggered the closure of the Strait of Hormuz\u2014the world\u2019s most critical oil chokepoint\u2014halting roughly 20% of global petroleum liquids supply and effectively stopping oil and LNG exports from the Persian Gulf&nbsp;(Fig. 6).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This sudden disruption has caused sharp price spikes in fossil fuels&nbsp;(Fig. 7)&nbsp;and forced major producers to curtail output, underscoring their indispensable role in meeting global energy demand. In contrast, solar module prices have shown no meaningful response&nbsp;(Fig. 8), revealing that solar energy has failed to act as a viable or scalable substitute during this genuine energy crisis. These events empirically demonstrate that fossil fuels remain absolutely essential, while solar modules have proven largely obsolete when they are needed most.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The article title is after a 1966 Italian epic Western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood as \u201cthe Good\u201d, Lee Van Cleef as \u201cthe Bad\u201d, and Eli Wallach as \u201cthe Ugly\u201d. I thank Angela Wheeler, Executive Director of the CO2 Coalition, for inviting me to present this contribution and Ethan Otte for helping. I am grateful to Jean Shanmugam for her comments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Armannsson H, Fridriksson T, Kristja\u00b4nsson BR (2005) CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;emissions from geothermal power plants and natural<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">geothermal activity in Iceland. Geothermics 34(3):286\u2013296. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geothermics.2004.11.005\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geothermics.2004.11.005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chadrasekharam , D. and G. Ranjith Pathegama {2020). CO2 emissions from renewables: solar PV, hydrothermal and EGS sources. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. (2020) 6:13 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40948-019-00135-y(0123456789()\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40948-019-00135-y(0123456789()<\/a>.,-volV() 0123458697().,-volV)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IRENA (2016) End-of-life management: solar photovoltaic panels. IRENA-IEA PVPS 2016 report. Retrieved from<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weckend S, Wade A, Heath G (2016) End-of-life management: solar photovoltaic panels. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA): Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme. IEA-PVPS Report Number T12-06:2015, 100 p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shanmugam, G. (2024). Reminiscing over six decades of global scientific journey (1962-2024): Sedimentary processes, environments, deposits, deformation, fossil fuels, Climate change, and groupthink. IAS Magazine, 3, I, 1 \u2013 87. DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51710\/jias.v3i1.378\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51710\/jias.v3i1.378<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shanmugam, G. (2025). William Happer, Ph.D. (Princeton): The Consequential Climate Physicist. IAS Magazine, v.4, No. 1, p. 2-48.&nbsp;<strong>DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51710\/jias.v4i1.428\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51710\/jias.v4i1.428<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shanmugam, G. (2026). The Closure of the Strait of Hormuz and the Obsolescence of Solar Modules. 7 p. CO2 Coalition Sub stack. May 7, 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/co2coalition.org\/2026\/05\/07\/the-closure-of-the-strait-of-hormuz-and-the-obsolescence-of-solar-modules\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/co2coalition.org\/2026\/05\/07\/the-closure-of-the-strait-of-hormuz-and-the-obsolescence-of-solar-modules\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weckend S, Wade A, Heath G (2016). End-of-life management: solar photovoltaic panels. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA): Photovoltaic Power Syetems Programme. IEA-PVPS Report Number T12-06:2015, 100 p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"542\" data-attachment-id=\"451057\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451057\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?fit=806%2C604&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"806,604\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?fit=723%2C542&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=723%2C542&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451057\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?w=806&amp;ssl=1 806w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-229.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"542\" data-attachment-id=\"451059\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451059\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?fit=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?fit=723%2C542&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=723%2C542&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-230.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"543\" data-attachment-id=\"451061\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451061\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?fit=834%2C626&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"834,626\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?fit=723%2C543&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=723%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?w=834&amp;ssl=1 834w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-231.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"543\" data-attachment-id=\"451063\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451063\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?fit=828%2C622&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"828,622\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?fit=723%2C543&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=723%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?w=828&amp;ssl=1 828w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=768%2C577&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=640%2C481&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-232.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"541\" data-attachment-id=\"451065\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451065\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?fit=820%2C614&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"820,614\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?fit=723%2C541&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=723%2C541&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451065\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?w=820&amp;ssl=1 820w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=768%2C575&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=640%2C479&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-233.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"543\" data-attachment-id=\"451067\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451067\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?fit=850%2C638&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"850,638\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?fit=723%2C543&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=723%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-234.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"543\" data-attachment-id=\"451069\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451069\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?fit=724%2C544&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"724,544\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?fit=723%2C543&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=723%2C543&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?w=724&amp;ssl=1 724w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=640%2C481&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-235.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"542\" data-attachment-id=\"451071\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=451071\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?fit=752%2C564&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"752,564\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?fit=723%2C542&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=723%2C542&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-451071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?w=752&amp;ssl=1 752w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-236.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Shanmugam, G., (2026).&nbsp;Solar Energy: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10 p.&nbsp;CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;Coalition Sub stack. June 12, 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dr. Ganapathy Shanmugam is a CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;Coalition Member, a petroleum geologist, and a sedimentologist with more than 50 years of experience in geology and energy research. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee and worked for Mobil (1978-2000) before becoming an independent consultant. He has published extensively on deep-water sediments and petroleum reservoirs. His 314 published works on ResearchGate have reached 248,400 (approaching one-quarter million) Reads from 29 countries on June 14, 2026. He has also lectured and conducted workshops around the world.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/em>&nbsp;Coalition has released its new episode of the&nbsp;<em>Climate Debrief<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Podcast, Rethinking the End of the Ice Age,<\/em>&nbsp;featuring Dr. Koen Vogel. Watch the full video on YouTube&nbsp;<em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Qvrx0bthpfo\">here<\/a><\/strong><\/em>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>Climate Debrief Podcast&nbsp;<\/em>is now also available on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/climate-debrief\/id1883180157\">Apple<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/3y9p5QKWAzsQEmoWHBoHvP\">Spotify<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/music.amazon.com\/podcasts\/c2fd5a20-30cf-44b0-a72a-f45b2a17d475\/climate-debrief\">Amazon<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iheart.com\/podcast\/1010-climate-debrief-325869717\">iHeartRadio<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The article title is after a 1966 Italian epic Western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood as \u201cthe Good\u201d, Lee Van Cleef as \u201cthe Bad\u201d, and Eli Wallach as \u201cthe Ugly\u201d. I thank Angela Wheeler, Executive Director of the CO2 Coalition, for inviting me to present this contribution and Ethan Otte for helping. I am grateful to Jean Shanmugam for her comments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":451074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691829997,691818447,691841779,691818299],"class_list":["post-451055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-carbon-dioxide-co","tag-solar","tag-strait-of-hormuz","tag-subsidies","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-5.-Juni-2025-11_31_27.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1Tl5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":443045,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=443045","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":0},"title":"The Closure of the Strait of Hormuz and the Obsolescence of Solar Modules","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/08\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The recent U.S.\/Israel-Iran War, which began on February 28, 2026, triggered the closure of the Strait of Hormuz\u2014the world\u2019s most critical oil chokepoint\u2014halting roughly 20% of global petroleum liquids supply and effectively stopping oil and LNG exports from the Persian Gulf.","rel":"","context":"In \"energy crisis\"","block_context":{"text":"energy crisis","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=energy-crisis"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/07c74a715-4f98-4dd7-b43f-98801d007788_1248x832.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/07c74a715-4f98-4dd7-b43f-98801d007788_1248x832.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/07c74a715-4f98-4dd7-b43f-98801d007788_1248x832.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/07c74a715-4f98-4dd7-b43f-98801d007788_1248x832.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/07c74a715-4f98-4dd7-b43f-98801d007788_1248x832.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":303976,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=303976","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":1},"title":"Wrong, USA Today, More Than One Type of Solar Activity Influences the Earth\u2019s Climate","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/23\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"USA Today\u00a0published a supposed fact check claiming solar activity is not responsible for climate change. This is misleading at best, and foolishly wrong at worst. Various types of changes in solar activity have long been associated with changes in the Earth\u2019s temperature and climate, on short, mid-term, and longer time\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"11-year solar cycles\"","block_context":{"text":"11-year solar cycles","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=11-year-solar-cycles"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-earth-and-sun.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-earth-and-sun.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-earth-and-sun.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-earth-and-sun.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-earth-and-sun.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":448448,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=448448","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":2},"title":"The CO2 Enigma in Deep Ocean Currents","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/04\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Deep Ocean Currents have been well documented in the World\u2019s Oceans ((Heezen, Hollister and Ruddiman, 1966; Hollister, 1967; Pequegnat et al. 1972; Shepard et al. 1979; Shanmugam, 2016, 2017, 2021). Although there are claims of impact of CO2 on deep ocean currents, there are no published empirical data on measurements\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric and Oceanic CO2 Measurements\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric and Oceanic CO2 Measurements","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-and-oceanic-co2-measurements"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Copilot_The-CO2-Enigma-in-Deep-Ocean-Currents.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Copilot_The-CO2-Enigma-in-Deep-Ocean-Currents.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Copilot_The-CO2-Enigma-in-Deep-Ocean-Currents.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Copilot_The-CO2-Enigma-in-Deep-Ocean-Currents.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":366010,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=366010","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":3},"title":"Underestimating Clouds: A Climate Mistake We Cannot Afford","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/13\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) has been predominantly portrayed as the chief culprit driving global warming. For decades, this misconception has guided international policies, prompted ambitious targets for reducing CO2\u00a0emissions and driven a shift from reliable and affordable energy resources like coal, oil, and natural gas toward problematic wind and solar sources.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0104901.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0104901.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0104901.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0104901.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0104901.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":339454,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=339454","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":4},"title":"Yes, IPCC, Our Climate Responds to Our\u00a0Sun","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/13\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Well, anyone who has a brain knows that the oceans are not boiling, but let\u2019s assume that is\u00a0just hyperbole.\u00a0When actual research \u2013 when actual measurements were taken \u2013\u00a0reality\u00a0turns out to be\u00a0the exact opposite.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0earth-space-sun-rising-behind-084634707_prevstill.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0earth-space-sun-rising-behind-084634707_prevstill.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0earth-space-sun-rising-behind-084634707_prevstill.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0earth-space-sun-rising-behind-084634707_prevstill.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0earth-space-sun-rising-behind-084634707_prevstill.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":360805,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=360805","url_meta":{"origin":451055,"position":5},"title":"Unsettled Science: How Sun\u2019s Fluxes Affect Our\u00a0Climate","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"NASA\u2019s Parker solar probe just completed\u00a0one of its primary multi-year mission objectives, with\u00a0the closest ever approach to the Sun. On Christmas Eve, the probe flew through the Sun\u2019s corona at a blistering (literally and figuratively)\u00a0430,000 mph.\u00a0For aircraft buffs, that\u2019s Mach 560 \u2014 fast enough to circle the earth in about\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/451055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=451055"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/451055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":451075,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/451055\/revisions\/451075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/451074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=451055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=451055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=451055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}