{"id":450625,"date":"2026-06-16T06:06:43","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=450625"},"modified":"2026-06-16T06:06:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:06:46","slug":"jurisdictional-reward-funds-a-practical-way-for-europe-to-strengthen-global-climate-action-by-2040","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=450625","title":{"rendered":"Jurisdictional Reward Funds: A Practical Way for Europe to Strengthen Global Climate Action by 2040"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"485\" data-attachment-id=\"450665\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=450665\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1168,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 Jurisdictional Reward Funds  A Practical Way for Europe to Strengthen Global Climate Action by 2040\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?fit=723%2C485&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?resize=723%2C485&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-450665\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?resize=1024%2C687&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?resize=768%2C516&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?resize=640%2C430&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?w=1168&amp;ssl=1 1168w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PIK&#8217;s cost optimization models for Jurisdictional Reward Funds (JRFs)<\/strong> focus on delivering the EU&#8217;s allowed 5% international flexibility (~236 MtCO\u2082 reductions in 2040 relative to 1990) at minimal cost while ensuring environmental integrity, accounting for economic rents, carbon leakage, and co-benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The models treat the EU as a centralized buyer procuring high-integrity credits through multiple JRFs. They optimize the <strong>allocation of a fixed budget <\/strong>across different mitigation levers to maximize net emission reductions (or minimize cost per ton) under real-world constraints:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Universal benchmarks <\/strong>and performance-based rewards (not project-level additionality).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Informational rents <\/strong>(payments often exceed mitigation costs to maintain credible long-term incentives and avoid gaming\/renegotiation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Carbon leakage adjustments<\/strong> (net global reductions after trade and production shifts).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Co-benefits for the EU<\/strong> (e.g., lower global fossil fuel prices reducing import bills and improving energy security).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The models generate <strong>marginal cost curves <\/strong>and<strong> portfolio shares<\/strong> that shift with the target volume. Fossil fuel levers become more attractive at scale because of their leverage on global markets and lower effective costs after leakage and price effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) proposes a practical way for the EU to meet part of its ambitious 2040 climate target through international cooperation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Making international carbon markets work for Europe: Jurisdictional Reward Funds and the EU\u2019s 2040 climate target<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Full Policy Paper Summary (PIK Policy Paper, 16 June 2026)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Title:<\/strong> Making international carbon markets work for Europe: Jurisdictional Reward Funds and the EU\u2019s 2040 climate target<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Ottmar Edenhofer, Christopher Leisinger, Lennart Stern, Matthias Kalkuhl<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.48485\/pik.2026.17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.48485\/pik.2026.17<\/a> (18 pages)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Direct PDF:<\/strong> Available on the PIK publications page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core Context<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The revised EU Climate Law sets a <strong>90% net GHG emissions reduction target by 2040 <\/strong>(vs. 1990). It allows up to<strong> 5 percentage points <\/strong>(roughly 236 MtCO\u2082 in 2040) to come from <strong>international carbon credits <\/strong>under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. This is framed <strong>not as reduced ambition<\/strong>, but as a way to shift some mitigation abroad for cost containment while maintaining total global reductions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Purpose of the 5% flexibility:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lowers compliance costs as domestic decarbonization gets harder (hard-to-abate sectors).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acts as an <strong>insurance\/hedge against geopolitical uncertainty<\/strong>: If global ambition is weak, cheap international reductions help sustain EU policy support. If global ambition rises, international credits become scarcer\/expensive, naturally shifting effort back home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Problems with Traditional Mechanisms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The paper reviews why past systems (e.g., CDM, project-based offsets, Article 6) often fail:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Additionality issues: <\/strong>Many credited reductions would have happened anyway.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over-crediting and weak verification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strategic gaming: <\/strong>Countries may weaken policies or NDCs to create more &#8220;additional&#8221; credits later.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Negotiated baselines create ratchet effects and perverse incentives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Proposed Solution: Jurisdictional Reward Funds (JRFs)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>JRFs<\/strong> pay national or sub-national governments for <strong>verified jurisdiction-wide performance improvements<\/strong> against <strong>universal, pre-announced benchmarks<\/strong> (not project-level or bilaterally negotiated).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key design features (Box 1 in the paper):<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fixed funding envelope + transparent rules upfront.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rewards based on measurable outcomes (e.g., satellite-tracked deforestation rates, fossil fuel phase-out metrics, effective carbon pricing).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Competitive allocation: Better relative performance \u2192 higher share of the pot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoids additionality assessments by focusing on results at scale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example in practice: Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) launched at COP30.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This creates credible incentives without the usual gaming problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Costs and Optimal Portfolio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An economically optimized mix could deliver the full 5% (~236 MtCO\u2082) at<strong> ~\u20ac5 billion per year in 2040 (\u20ac21\/tCO\u2082)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tropical forests alone<\/strong> would cost more (~\u20ac14 billion\/year for the full 5% via an enhanced TFFF-style mechanism), so diversification into fossil fuel demand reduction is more efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Integration with EU Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Credits could integrate into the<strong> EU ETS<\/strong> (stronger price-dampening effect on ETS1:<strong> 40\u201345% lower allowance prices<\/strong> on average 2036\u20132050 in stylized scenarios).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smaller effects if integrated only into ETS2 or later.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides fiscal predictability and political stability for the overall 90% target.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Broader Implications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">JRFs support institutional capacity-building in partner countries and align with <strong>high-integrity Article 6 use<\/strong>. They represent a pragmatic, rules-based way to scale <strong>effective international climate finance<\/strong> while addressing additionality and incentive problems that plagued earlier approaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper positions this as a <strong>stabilizing tool<\/strong> for <strong>EU climate policy<\/strong> amid uncertainty, rather than a loophole. It includes references to related work on tax coalitions and reward funds for fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lead author Ottmar Edenhofer (PIK Director and EU climate advisory board chair) argues this isn&#8217;t a loophole but a realistic <strong>&#8220;stabilizing mechanism&#8221; <\/strong>for ambitious <strong>EU policy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Zusammenfassung<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The revised EU Climate Law allows the use of international flexibility mechanisms for up to 5% of 1990 net emissions under the 2040 target. The provision is not a relaxation of ambition: it shifts part of the mitigation effort abroad to contain costs while keeping the overall emissions reductions unchanged. The challenge is ensuring that what is credited abroad is real.<br>Properly designed, international flexibility acts as an insurance mechanism against geopolitical uncertainty. If global climate ambition remains weak, access to lower-cost mitigation abroad helps contain compliance costs and sustain political support for ambitious EU targets. If international climate ambition strengthens, international opportunities for emission reductions become scarcer and mitigation efforts naturally shift back to Europe.<br>We propose Jurisdictional Reward Funds (JRFs) as a high-integrity framework for implementing the 5% provision. Unlike previous mechanisms, whose systematic failure to deliver real emissions reductions is well-documented, JRFs rely on universal baselines on jurisdiction-level rather than project-level additionality assessments or negotiated benchmarks. They thereby avoid the existing incentive problems undermining existing Article 6 mechanisms and ensure credited mitigation is environmentally credible.<br>A strategically optimized procurement portfolio for reducing fossil fuel use and conserving tropical forests could fully utilize the 5% provision at annual costs of roughly \u20ac5 billion in 2040 (\u20ac21\/tCO2). Under stylized integration scenarios, international credits could reduce ETS1 allowance prices after 2030 by around 40-45% relative to baseline, with smaller but meaningful effects under ETS2 integration and substantially larger effects under earlier or more prolonged integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">___________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ETS Price Modeling Details in the PIK Policy Paper (June 2026)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper does not present new, original ETS modeling but relies on <strong>stylized integration scenarios <\/strong>(informed by companion or related PIK work, with thanks to Tobias Bergmann and others). It focuses on the <strong>price-dampening effects<\/strong> of injecting international credits from JRFs into the EU\u2019s Emissions Trading System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Assumptions in the Scenarios<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Volume:<\/strong> Up to the full <strong>5% flexibility <\/strong>(~236 MtCO\u2082 in 2040 relative to 1990 baseline).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Phase-in: <\/strong>Gradual introduction starting at<strong> 1% in 2036<\/strong>, ramping up to <strong>5% in 2040<\/strong>, then declining linearly to <strong>zero by 2050<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Allocation:<\/strong> Stylized split between<strong> ETS1 <\/strong>(stationary installations: power, energy-intensive industry) and<strong> ETS2<\/strong> (buildings, road transport) based on historical emission shares (1990 and recent years).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alternative scenarios:<\/strong> Earlier start dates or more prolonged use of credits, leading to larger cumulative volumes and stronger effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main Results: ETS1 Price Impacts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Integrating the credits into <strong>ETS1<\/strong> (the main existing ETS) leads to <strong>40\u201345% lower average allowance <\/strong>prices over the period <strong>2036\u20132050<\/strong> compared to a no-credits baseline. publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a significant dampening effect. It helps prevent sharp price spikes as domestic decarbonization becomes more expensive in hard-to-abate sectors, improving political feasibility and investment predictability without weakening the overall cap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ETS2 and Other Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Smaller but meaningful effects<\/strong> when credits are integrated primarily into <strong>ETS2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Substantially larger price reductions<\/strong> in scenarios with earlier introduction or longer use of international credits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The paper notes that the exact price impact depends heavily on:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Which compliance system (ETS1 vs. ETS2) absorbs the credits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The timing and cumulative volume allowed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ETS2 and Other Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Smaller but meaningful effects<\/strong> when credits are integrated primarily into <strong>ETS2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Substantially larger price reductions<\/strong> in scenarios with earlier introduction or longer use of international credits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T<strong>he paper notes that the exact price impact depends heavily on:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Which compliance system (ETS1 vs. ETS2) absorbs the credits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The timing and cumulative volume allowed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why This Happens (Economic Logic)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>International credits increase the <strong>effective supply<\/strong> of allowances in the EU carbon market (while the cap remains fixed for the EU\u2019s territorial target).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This relaxes short-term scarcity \u2192 lowers equilibrium carbon prices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the design ensures the incentive for domestic decarbonization remains strong because:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Credits are limited and temporary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global ambition (if it rises) would make future international credits scarcer and more expensive, naturally shifting effort back to the EU.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investors anticipate rising carbon prices outside Europe due to broader cooperation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Additional Notes on Welfare and Fiscal Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The headline \u20ac5 billion annual procurement cost in 2040 can be offset or even turned negative fiscally if credits are surrendered or sold into the ETS at prevailing (higher) allowance prices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Net welfare costs for the EU are lower than the gross fiscal outlay due to co-benefits: avoided climate damages + lower global fossil fuel prices (improved terms of trade and energy security).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The modeling is intentionally stylized to provide transparent benchmarks rather than highly detailed numerical runs. It builds on broader PIK expertise in EU ETS modeling (e.g., interactions with the Market Stability Reserve, banking behavior, and interactions between ETS1\/ETS2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.pik-potsdam.de\/rest\/items\/item_34538_1\/component\/file_34550\/content\">Making international carbon markets work for Europe: Jurisdictional Reward Funds and the EU\u2019s 2040 climate target<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) proposes a practical way for the EU to meet part of its ambitious 2040 climate target through international cooperation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":450665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691843686,691843685,691842841,691843689,691843687,691843683,691843684,691830913,691843688],"class_list":["post-450625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-article-6","tag-eu-climate-law","tag-eu-climate-policy","tag-eus-2040-climate-target","tag-international-climate-finance","tag-jurisdictional-reward-funds-jrfs","tag-optimized-procurement-portfolio","tag-potsdam-institute-for-climate-impact-research-pik","tag-stabilizing-tool","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/0-Jurisdictional-Reward-Funds-A-Practical-Way-for-Europe-to-Strengthen-Global-Climate-Action-by-2040.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1Te9","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":411842,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=411842","url_meta":{"origin":450625,"position":0},"title":"Europe\u2019s Last-Minute Climate Scramble: Brussels Waters Down Its 2040 Target Just in Time for COP30","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/06\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"According to Reuters,\u00a0the European Union has finally agreed on a watered-down climate target for 2040 after a long night of political wrangling in Brussels. The headline might read like a victory for European unity, but the story beneath it tells us something quite different: Europe\u2019s climate ambitions are fraying at\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Carbon credits\"","block_context":{"text":"Carbon credits","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-credits"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQM09Y1bK2PdQGmyjWWNStiSvP_iEDWc525MWzclAouqB7IeYD-AFXRaajsfTTf2OwgR_Z1NYFr8kG9mNwbMe4BMzJsztKmcmz4m5H2jrYZlrUSV7xcFGXWschf5UwnU-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQM09Y1bK2PdQGmyjWWNStiSvP_iEDWc525MWzclAouqB7IeYD-AFXRaajsfTTf2OwgR_Z1NYFr8kG9mNwbMe4BMzJsztKmcmz4m5H2jrYZlrUSV7xcFGXWschf5UwnU-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQM09Y1bK2PdQGmyjWWNStiSvP_iEDWc525MWzclAouqB7IeYD-AFXRaajsfTTf2OwgR_Z1NYFr8kG9mNwbMe4BMzJsztKmcmz4m5H2jrYZlrUSV7xcFGXWschf5UwnU-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQM09Y1bK2PdQGmyjWWNStiSvP_iEDWc525MWzclAouqB7IeYD-AFXRaajsfTTf2OwgR_Z1NYFr8kG9mNwbMe4BMzJsztKmcmz4m5H2jrYZlrUSV7xcFGXWschf5UwnU-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQM09Y1bK2PdQGmyjWWNStiSvP_iEDWc525MWzclAouqB7IeYD-AFXRaajsfTTf2OwgR_Z1NYFr8kG9mNwbMe4BMzJsztKmcmz4m5H2jrYZlrUSV7xcFGXWschf5UwnU-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":399516,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=399516","url_meta":{"origin":450625,"position":1},"title":"Noble Climate Cause Corruption: PIK\u00a0exemplar","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/02\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Critics of climate policy have long pointed to the\u00a0problematic dominance of politics in climate science.\u00a0A recent study from the\u00a0Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research\u00a0(PIK),\u00a0which\u00a0systematically exaggerated the economic consequences of climate change, has reignited the debate over scientific standards and political manipulation in the field.","rel":"","context":"In \"\u201cNetwork for Greening the Financial System\u201d\u00a0(NGFS)\"","block_context":{"text":"\u201cNetwork for Greening the Financial System\u201d\u00a0(NGFS)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=network-for-greening-the-financial-system-ngfs-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQMn853GbdjAJDnwtuuoEcAFo9mHR8OIMBesMxDVGe0MTcoY1uwfNItC3tsY_IOE6cqqEavwKYokwJPq0B4MnV7QcFolJDpFOqg0modj0jXX6cvRYjluRf6zxkH4B1t61xfaWpdeay9l1MirldCBio9dyUx_vg.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQMn853GbdjAJDnwtuuoEcAFo9mHR8OIMBesMxDVGe0MTcoY1uwfNItC3tsY_IOE6cqqEavwKYokwJPq0B4MnV7QcFolJDpFOqg0modj0jXX6cvRYjluRf6zxkH4B1t61xfaWpdeay9l1MirldCBio9dyUx_vg.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQMn853GbdjAJDnwtuuoEcAFo9mHR8OIMBesMxDVGe0MTcoY1uwfNItC3tsY_IOE6cqqEavwKYokwJPq0B4MnV7QcFolJDpFOqg0modj0jXX6cvRYjluRf6zxkH4B1t61xfaWpdeay9l1MirldCBio9dyUx_vg.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQMn853GbdjAJDnwtuuoEcAFo9mHR8OIMBesMxDVGe0MTcoY1uwfNItC3tsY_IOE6cqqEavwKYokwJPq0B4MnV7QcFolJDpFOqg0modj0jXX6cvRYjluRf6zxkH4B1t61xfaWpdeay9l1MirldCBio9dyUx_vg.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQMn853GbdjAJDnwtuuoEcAFo9mHR8OIMBesMxDVGe0MTcoY1uwfNItC3tsY_IOE6cqqEavwKYokwJPq0B4MnV7QcFolJDpFOqg0modj0jXX6cvRYjluRf6zxkH4B1t61xfaWpdeay9l1MirldCBio9dyUx_vg.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":419957,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=419957","url_meta":{"origin":450625,"position":2},"title":"Think tank IREF: \u2018Against All Rationality, the EU Persists in its Net-Zero Delusion\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/05\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The headline you mentioned refers to a January 2026 report from IREF (Institut de Recherches \u00c9conomiques et Fiscales), a French libertarian think tank focused on economic freedom, low taxes, and limited government intervention. IREF critiques the EU's ambitious net-zero emissions target by 2050, calling it irrational and economically damaging.","rel":"","context":"In \"Decarbonization\"","block_context":{"text":"Decarbonization","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=decarbonization"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQMiCFZlSf_jTgx-ufThw1S6TpceJ51rF3mH_TWcfPwDM43roPLmX0aBL2rNnUQ3Y8JxBsXsfxwRROI7Tx7AhxsPG_L2eMocdX-o3kS8hbmHcZ5u8mcCnY0z3_jkIFhx-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C667&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQMiCFZlSf_jTgx-ufThw1S6TpceJ51rF3mH_TWcfPwDM43roPLmX0aBL2rNnUQ3Y8JxBsXsfxwRROI7Tx7AhxsPG_L2eMocdX-o3kS8hbmHcZ5u8mcCnY0z3_jkIFhx-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C667&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, 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Carbon\u00a0File","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/10\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"PANIC IN BRUSSELS: Globalists Tremble as Patriots for Europe Group Will Lead Negotiations on the EU\u2019s Climate \u2018Target\u2019, Ditch \u2018Climate Fanaticism\u2019 and Suicidal Policies.","rel":"","context":"In \"climate fanaticism\"","block_context":{"text":"climate fanaticism","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-fanaticism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-17.-Juni-2025-09_22_59-2.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-17.-Juni-2025-09_22_59-2.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-17.-Juni-2025-09_22_59-2.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, 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The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (carbon tariff) forces companies exporting aluminum, cement, steel, fertilizer, and other goods with a heavy carbon content into the EU to pay for their products\u2019 carbon emissions. According to the European Union, the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNWsnU9zveXHnYlz2CYeiQ1GTEQCIeRV4juI8-ELLfBsganmFGnCUgWszgRHu-DsAJ-OAtwb7PItImuqRVVDtRnriVZkpw_Kvfesb8qKjghIMSn_kyW6XDkRKulY8xv.jpeg?fit=1200%2C730&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNWsnU9zveXHnYlz2CYeiQ1GTEQCIeRV4juI8-ELLfBsganmFGnCUgWszgRHu-DsAJ-OAtwb7PItImuqRVVDtRnriVZkpw_Kvfesb8qKjghIMSn_kyW6XDkRKulY8xv.jpeg?fit=1200%2C730&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNWsnU9zveXHnYlz2CYeiQ1GTEQCIeRV4juI8-ELLfBsganmFGnCUgWszgRHu-DsAJ-OAtwb7PItImuqRVVDtRnriVZkpw_Kvfesb8qKjghIMSn_kyW6XDkRKulY8xv.jpeg?fit=1200%2C730&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNWsnU9zveXHnYlz2CYeiQ1GTEQCIeRV4juI8-ELLfBsganmFGnCUgWszgRHu-DsAJ-OAtwb7PItImuqRVVDtRnriVZkpw_Kvfesb8qKjghIMSn_kyW6XDkRKulY8xv.jpeg?fit=1200%2C730&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNWsnU9zveXHnYlz2CYeiQ1GTEQCIeRV4juI8-ELLfBsganmFGnCUgWszgRHu-DsAJ-OAtwb7PItImuqRVVDtRnriVZkpw_Kvfesb8qKjghIMSn_kyW6XDkRKulY8xv.jpeg?fit=1200%2C730&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=450625"}],"version-history":[{"count":53,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":450687,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/450625\/revisions\/450687"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/450665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=450625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=450625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=450625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}