{"id":447125,"date":"2026-05-28T13:16:05","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T20:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=447125"},"modified":"2026-05-28T13:16:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T20:16:06","slug":"warmer-antarctic-regions-amplify-temperature-shifts-more-than-colder-interiors-due-to-temperature-dependent-greenhouse-feedbacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=447125","title":{"rendered":"Warmer Antarctic Regions Amplify Temperature Shifts More Than Colder Interiors \u2013 Due to Temperature-Dependent Greenhouse Feedbacks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"496\" data-attachment-id=\"447160\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=447160\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?fit=1214%2C832&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1214,832\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?fit=723%2C496&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=723%2C496&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-447160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=1024%2C702&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=300%2C206&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=768%2C526&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=640%2C439&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?resize=1200%2C822&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?w=1214&amp;ssl=1 1214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rodinia <\/strong>was a Mesoproterozoic to <strong>Neoproterozoic supercontinent <\/strong>that assembled around 1.3\u20130.9 billion years ago (Ga) and broke up between roughly 750\u2013633 million years ago (Ma). It is the best-known Precambrian supercontinent and played a major role in the <strong>extreme climate and evolutionary events <\/strong>of the Late Proterozoic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodinia formed through worldwide orogenic (mountain-building) events, notably the <strong>Grenville Orogeny <\/strong>(~1.3\u20131.0 Ga), by accreting fragments of the older supercontinent <strong>Columbia (Nuna)<\/strong>. Most reconstructions place Laurentia (ancestral North America + Greenland) at its center, with other cratons arranged around it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodinia was largely positioned in <strong>low to tropical latitudes (equatorial belt)<\/strong>, unlike later supercontinents. It was surrounded by the superocean Mirovia. Reconstructions rely on paleomagnetism (for latitude), matching orogenic belts, and geological correlations, as longitude is harder to constrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The breakup increased continental margins, seafloor spreading, and exposure of fresh rock, boosting chemical weathering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Role in Snowball Earth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodinia\u2019s tropical position was critical for the Cryogenian \u201cSnowball Earth\u201d glaciations (~720\u2013635 Ma):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Enhanced silicate weathering:<\/strong> Warm, wet tropics accelerated CO\u2082-consuming reactions on silicate rocks, drawing down atmospheric greenhouse gases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bare rock albedo:<\/strong> No land vegetation existed, so continents had high reflectivity (~0.35 for granite), reflecting strong tropical sunlight and amplifying cooling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breakup further increased weathering rates by creating more exposed surface area and a more active hydrological cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These factors, combined with a fainter Sun (~94\u201395% modern luminosity) and ice-albedo feedback, helped push Earth into extreme glaciations. Models show that a Rodinia-like configuration with bare continents makes Snowball states achievable at much higher CO\u2082 levels than today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rodinia exemplifies how supercontinent cycles drive long-term climate, carbon cycle, and biological evolution. Its story ties directly into the ice-albedo feedback, temperature-dependent radiative processes, and isotope records we\u2019ve discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Neoproterozoic carbon cycle (roughly 1,000\u2013541 Ma)<\/strong> was highly dynamic and anomalous compared to the Phanerozoic. It featured extreme carbon isotope excursions, prolonged low-latitude glaciations (Snowball Earth events), and major shifts in oxygenation, all linked to <strong>Rodinia\u2019s assembly\/breakup<\/strong>, enhanced weathering, and evolving biological and tectonic influences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During glaciations, weathering nearly shut down under ice, flipping the cycle toward CO\u2082 accumulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>carbon cycle<\/strong> was tightly<strong> coupled to oxygen<\/strong>. Increased organic burial helped rise atmospheric O\u2082, stressing anaerobic life but enabling complex multicellular organisms (Ediacaran biota). Anoxic or ferruginous oceans during glaciations led to banded iron formations. Post-glacial oxygenation pulses followed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, the <strong>Neoproterozoic carbon cycle<\/strong> acted as a <strong>volatile &#8220;thermostat&#8221; <\/strong>pushed to extremes by unique tectonic (Rodinia) and solar conditions. It created environmental stresses that likely accelerated the evolution of complex life leading into the Cambrian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Snowball Earth <\/strong>refers to extreme global glaciations (primarily in the Cryogenian period, ~720\u2013635 million years ago) where ice sheets reached the equator, covering much or nearly all of the planet&#8217;s surface. Evidence includes glacial deposits in tropical paleolatitudes, &#8220;cap carbonates,&#8221; and other geological markers. These events ended with massive CO\u2082 buildup from volcanoes, creating a greenhouse effect strong enough to melt the ice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A recent study highlights how a bare supercontinent like Rodinia, positioned mostly in the tropics around 700\u2013600 million years ago, could have helped trigger or amplify &#8220;Snowball Earth&#8221; glaciations during the Neoproterozoic era.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Temperature-dependent feedbacks drive the pattern of Antarctic temperature change<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A recent study (Markle &amp; Steig, PNAS, May 2026) identifies a fundamental, persistent pattern in Antarctic temperature changes driven by temperature-dependent feedbacks, primarily a nonlinearity in the greenhouse effect at very cold temperatures.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This paper identifies a robust, predictable spatial pattern in Antarctic temperature variability across timescales (millennial to orbital, ~400,000 years) using refined ice-core water-isotope reconstructions: <strong>warmer baseline sites (typically coastal\/lower-elevation, e.g., ~\u221220\u00b0C to \u221230\u00b0C) exhibit larger temperature changes (\u0394T) than colder interior\/high-elevation sites (e.g., \u221250\u00b0C to \u221260\u00b0C) for the same large-scale forcing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This holds for both warming (e.g., deglaciation) and cooling phases and across different drivers (orbital, CO\u2082, ocean heat transport, etc.). It explains most inter-site differences in records like WAIS Divide (stronger response) vs. Dome C or Vostok (weaker).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Simple Planck Response<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Planck response<\/strong> (blackbody radiative cooling) predicts the opposite: colder surfaces should show larger \u0394T for a given energy imbalance because outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) follows \u03c3T\u2074. Differentiating gives dT\/dF \u2248 1\/(4\u03c3T\u00b3), so sensitivity rises sharply at low T.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Antarctica&#8217;s temperature range, this alone would imply coldest sites amplify changes most. Observations show the reverse for large-scale events, ruling out uniform response or pure Planck as the dominant pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Dominant Mechanism: Nonlinear Greenhouse Effect as a Temperature-Dependent Feedback<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key is the <strong>greenhouse effect (GHE = surface upward LW \u2212 TOA OLR) <\/strong>becoming strongly nonlinear at Antarctic temperatures (below ~\u221220\u00b0C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Water vapor dominance:<\/strong> Its saturation vapor pressure follows the Clausius-Clapeyron relation (~exponential with T). At very cold temps, the atmosphere holds extremely little water vapor \u2192 GHE approaches zero, and TOA OLR nears blackbody surface emission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As T rises modestly, water vapor increases more effectively (especially from warmer baseline sites), strengthening the GHE (more downward LW to surface). This amplifies warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The slope d(GHE)\/dT steepens with higher initial T in the Antarctic range \u2192 greater positive feedback (amplification) at warmer sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This integrates what are often separated as<strong> water vapor + lapse-rate feedbacks <\/strong>(plus some shortwave\/cloud effects). It is diagnosed from reanalysis\/satellite (e.g., AIRS, NCEP) and matches radiative-convective models and GCM output (e.g., CESM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Feedback equation<\/strong> (simplified, following Roe 2009):<br>\u0394T = [\u03bb\u2080 \u0394F] \/ [1 \u2212 c(T) \u03bb\u2080]<br>where \u03bb\u2080 is Planck sensitivity (~larger at cold T), and c(T) = d(GHE)\/dT (increases with T in Antarctic range). The net effect reverses the Planck pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This feedback is &#8220;fast&#8221; (atmospheric) and responds to any mean energetic forcing, explaining its persistence across timescales and mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evidence and Robustness<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ice cores: <\/strong>Consistent pattern in 8+ deep cores after improved isotope-to-temperature conversion (accounting for source effects and distillation nonlinearities). pnas.org<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modern observations\/reanalysis: <\/strong>Matches spatial patterns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Models:<\/strong> Radiative and full GCMs reproduce the nonlinearity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deviations:<\/strong> Residual differences from the expected pattern allow isolation of local effects, e.g., ice-sheet elevation changes. The paper revises WAIS Divide elevation history during deglaciation, aligning with geology and modeling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Evidence and Robustness<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ice cores:<\/strong> Consistent pattern in 8+ deep cores after improved isotope-to-temperature conversion (accounting for source effects and distillation nonlinearities).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modern observations\/reanalysis:<\/strong> Matches spatial patterns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Models: <\/strong>Radiative and full GCMs reproduce the nonlinearity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deviations: <\/strong>Residual differences from the expected pattern allow isolation of local effects, e.g., ice-sheet elevation changes. The paper revises WAIS Divide elevation history during deglaciation, aligning with geology and modeling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a elegant process-based insight from paleodata that refines how we interpret Antarctic records and model polar climate. It highlights basic physics (water vapor thermodynamics + radiative transfer) creating predictable emergent patterns. The study is very recent (May 2026), so further model intercomparisons and proxy tests are likely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Published: <\/strong>PNAS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/s1473550426100329\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DOI: 10.1017\/s1473550426100329<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Authors: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2513383123#con1\">Bradley R.&nbsp;Markle<\/a> &nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2513383123#con2\">Eric J.&nbsp;Steig<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antarctica is an important component of the Earth\u2019s climate system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here we investigate temperature change in Antarctica across a range of timescales, from millennial to orbital, over the last&nbsp;&nbsp;y, using a compilation of ice-core water-isotope records. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We identify a persistent pattern of change in which the temperature variability of an Antarctic site increases with its mean surface temperature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the entire continent warms, the warmest parts of Antarctica warm more; when the entire continent cools, the warmest parts cool more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This pattern is inconsistent with the Planck response, the simplest possible null hypothesis for Antarctic temperature change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, a temperature-dependent feedback explains the fundamental pattern of temperature change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The feedback arises from a nonlinearity of the greenhouse effect, evident only at the cold surface temperatures of the Antarctic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This feedback may be initiated by any mean energetic forcing and thus manifests across all timescales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Local deviations from the expected pattern of temperature change indicate regional forcing such as changes in ice-sheet elevation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We reconstruct the surface elevation of the main ice divide in West Antarctica over the last deglaciation, finding a history that is supported by geological and glaciological evidence and consistent with ice-sheet modeling.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A recent study highlights how a bare supercontinent like Rodinia, positioned mostly in the tropics around 700\u2013600 million years ago, could have helped trigger or amplify &#8220;Snowball Earth&#8221; glaciations during the Neoproterozoic era. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":447160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691843344,691843343,691843346,691818296,691843345,691843348,691843342,691843349,691843347],"class_list":["post-447125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-bare-rock-albedo","tag-enhanced-silicate-weathering","tag-extreme-climate-and-evolutionary-events","tag-greenhouse-effect","tag-neoproterozoic-carbon-cycle","tag-planck-response","tag-snowball-earth","tag-temperature-dependent-radiative-feedback","tag-volatile-thermostat","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/AQNiqWMs0giBt0mmee1CATTWhxTPN3cn6icerpGwAErKYuQdxzZYgH8mswe6XT16NOyimhj66_fIkdoDssrtbBiCQlim3YoaSQ0WD8ENgtwwE21G879HDA4VuCtnFzF_.jpeg?fit=1214%2C832&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1SjH","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":280726,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=280726","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":0},"title":"Supercomputer climate model absurdity: \u2018extreme global warming could eventually wipe out\u00a0humans\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/27\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The illogical conclusion of tail-wagging-dog climate theories fed into models based on them, with a side order of volcanoes. In any case a lot happened to Earth in the last 250 million years, including periods when CO2 was much higher than today \u2013 so whatever comes out of a supercomputer,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"climate model\"","block_context":{"text":"climate model","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-model"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":447081,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=447081","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":1},"title":"Subduction on a Cooling Planet Drove the Stepwise Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/28\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Supercontinent cycles\u2014 the periodic assembly and breakup of Earth's major landmasses\u2014have been linked to oxygenation events through tectonic, erosional, volcanic, and biogeochemical feedback.","rel":"","context":"In \"biogeochemical model (COPSE)\"","block_context":{"text":"biogeochemical model (COPSE)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=biogeochemical-model-copse"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-Subduction-on-a-Cooling-Planet-Drove-the-Stepwise-Rise-of-Atmospheric-Oxygen.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-Subduction-on-a-Cooling-Planet-Drove-the-Stepwise-Rise-of-Atmospheric-Oxygen.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-Subduction-on-a-Cooling-Planet-Drove-the-Stepwise-Rise-of-Atmospheric-Oxygen.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-Subduction-on-a-Cooling-Planet-Drove-the-Stepwise-Rise-of-Atmospheric-Oxygen.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-Subduction-on-a-Cooling-Planet-Drove-the-Stepwise-Rise-of-Atmospheric-Oxygen.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":239643,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=239643","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":2},"title":"Ian Plimer Asks, \u201eWhat Climate Crisis?\u201c","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/14\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"No past warming events have been driven by an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. No past cooling events were driven by a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-634.png?fit=1200%2C848&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-634.png?fit=1200%2C848&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-634.png?fit=1200%2C848&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-634.png?fit=1200%2C848&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-634.png?fit=1200%2C848&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":263587,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=263587","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":3},"title":"Wrong Again: James Hansen 1988 Senate Testimony Edition","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/23\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"NASA scientist James Hansen launched climate idiocy on June 23, 1988 with his famous Senate testimony. This review of it 35 years later indicates that Hansen\u2019s testimony was largely just hot air, which no doubt contributed to the legendary stuffiness of the Senate hearing room that day.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0014014819_0.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0014014819_0.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0014014819_0.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0014014819_0.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0014014819_0.jpg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":285523,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=285523","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":4},"title":"To what extent are temperature levels changing due to greenhouse gas\u00a0emissions?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/28\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Even if recent recorded temperature variations should turn out to deviate from previous variation patterns in a systematic way it is still a difficult challenge to establish how much of this change is due to increasing man made emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. From NOT A\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate models\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate models","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-models"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-792.png?fit=1200%2C873&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-792.png?fit=1200%2C873&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-792.png?fit=1200%2C873&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-792.png?fit=1200%2C873&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-792.png?fit=1200%2C873&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":290368,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290368","url_meta":{"origin":447125,"position":5},"title":"Wrong, USA Today, a 1.5\u2103 Temperature Rise Is Not a Scientifically Established Climate Threshold","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/07\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"By H. Sterling Burnett As part of its COP 28 climate conference coverage\u00a0USA Today\u00a0ran an article claiming that preventing a 1.5\u2103 rise in global average temperatures above pre-industrial levels is a necessary climate threshold to prevent all manner of climate disasters. This is false. Both the 1.5\u2103 and 2.0\u2103 thresholds\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"1.5\u2103 Temperature Rise\"","block_context":{"text":"1.5\u2103 Temperature Rise","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=1-5%e2%84%83-temperature-rise"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4apokalipsis-gorod-ruiny-nebo.jpg?fit=1200%2C766&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4apokalipsis-gorod-ruiny-nebo.jpg?fit=1200%2C766&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4apokalipsis-gorod-ruiny-nebo.jpg?fit=1200%2C766&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4apokalipsis-gorod-ruiny-nebo.jpg?fit=1200%2C766&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/4apokalipsis-gorod-ruiny-nebo.jpg?fit=1200%2C766&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/447125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=447125"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/447125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":447162,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/447125\/revisions\/447162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/447160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=447125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=447125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=447125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}