{"id":445860,"date":"2026-05-22T08:53:28","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T15:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=445860"},"modified":"2026-05-22T08:53:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T15:53:30","slug":"nasas-awe-unveils-first-high-resolution-images-of-gravity-waves-driving-space-weather-from-earths-atmosphere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=445860","title":{"rendered":"NASA&#8217;s AWE Unveils First High-Resolution Images of Gravity Waves Driving Space Weather from Earth&#8217;s Atmosphere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"445862\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=445862\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?fit=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1536,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 ChatGPT  NASA&amp;#8217;s AWE Unveils First High-Resolution Images of Gravity Waves Driving Space Weather from Earth&amp;#8217;s Atmosphere\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?fit=723%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=723%2C482&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-445862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=640%2C427&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?resize=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?w=1536&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NASA\u2019s Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) successfully concluded its data-collection phase after exceeding its planned two-year mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The instrument (Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper) observed<strong> airglow <\/strong>\u2014 a faint glow at the edge of space \u2014 to map these invisible gravity waves as they propagate upward through the mesosphere and into the ionosphere-thermosphere region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mission collected valuable data over thousands of orbits, with initial datasets released earlier (e.g., after 3,000 orbits in 2025). It surpassed expectations and was deactivated to free up the ISS mounting point for the next experiment. The instrument will eventually be deorbited and burn up on re-entry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This work helps improve space weather forecasting, which is increasingly important for protecting satellites, power grids, and future space missions. Data analysis will continue for years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Initial Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) Imaging Analyses: Gravity Wave Sources, Temperatures, Pseudomomentum Fluxes, and Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra at the OH Layer is the title of a key scientific paper on the initial findings from NASA&#8217;s Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE), published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres on April 29, 2026 (open access).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Initial Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) Imaging Analyses: Gravity Wave Sources, Temperatures, Pseudomomentum Fluxes, and Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra at the OH Layer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the first major peer-reviewed science paper from the AWE mission, published open-access in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (Vol. 131, Issue 9, April 29, 2026). It presents initial results from the Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) on the ISS, focusing on high-resolution nighttime observations of the <strong>OH airglow layer<\/strong> at ~87 km altitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Scientific Findings:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gravity Wave Sources and Diversity:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mountain Waves (MWs):<\/strong> Strong responses over small islands and major orography (e.g., Southern Andes). Horizontal wavelengths (\u03bbh) ~10\u2013300 km (or longer). Show complex breaking, instabilities (e.g., Kelvin-Helmholtz), and vortex structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Convective Gravity Waves (CGWs):<\/strong> From deep convection over land\/ocean and events like Hurricane Helene. Similar \u03bbh range (~10\u2013300 km+).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secondary Gravity Waves (SGWs):<\/strong> Clear evidence of larger-scale waves (\u03bbh ~50\u2013500 km) generated by breaking of primary waves. These propagate farther and can have significant impacts higher up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Temperature and Brightness Imaging:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dual imaging (OH Q-line brightness vs. derived temperature) reveals different aspects of wave structures. Temperature maps highlight perturbations (T\u2032), while brightness shows emission variations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Instabilities are vividly captured: wave breaking, overturning, and small-scale turbulence features.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pseudomomentum Fluxes (PMFs) and Spectral Analysis (the most important result):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AWE enables along-track, cross-track, and 2D wavenumber spectra of temperature perturbations (T\u2032\u00b2) and velocity covariances (&lt;uh&#8217; w&#8217;&gt;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major Conclusion: The largest contributions to vertical pseudomomentum fluxes (\u03c1 &lt;uh&#8217; w&#8217;&gt;, key for momentum transport to upper atmosphere) come from smaller-scale GWs with \u03bbh ~30\u2013300 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This confirms that the waves AWE was designed to resolve (previously under-observed by satellites with coarser resolution) dominate energy\/momentum transport and space weather influences. Larger waves (\u03bbh &gt;300 km) contribute less to PMFs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper demonstrates that AWE filled a critical observational gap: previous satellites had lower resolution and couldn&#8217;t fully resolve the small-scale waves that carry the most momentum to the mesosphere\/lower thermosphere (MLT). These waves drive variability in space weather, affect satellite operations, and influence atmospheric circulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ISS orbit allowed repeat views (~4-day cadence) and multi-swath tracking of wave evolution. Data examples include responses over Japan, Tibet, the Andes, New Zealand, and Hurricane Helene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper is highly technical with multiple figures showing raw images, temperature maps, keograms, and spectra. It sets the stage for future AWE data releases and analyses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Full Open-Access Link: <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2025JD045796\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2025JD045796<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Published:<\/strong> &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/journals\/journal-of-geophysical-research-atmospheres\/\">Journal of Geophysical Research &#8211; Atmospheres<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2025jd045796\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1029\/2025jd045796<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Provided:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/partners\/nasa\/\">NASA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Authors:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Fritts\/David+C.\">David C. Fritts<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Stockwell\/Robert+G.\">Robert G. Stockwell<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Lund\/Thomas+S.\">Thomas S. Lund<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Pautet\/P.%E2%80%90Dominique\">P.-Dominique Pautet<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Sato\/Kaoru\">Kaoru Sato<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Koshin\/Dai\">Dai Koshin<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Taylor\/Michael+J.\">Michael J. Taylor<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/authored-by\/Scherliess\/Ludger\">Ludger Scherliess<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The NASA Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) employs an OH imager that began measurements aboard the International Space Station (ISS) on 22 November 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The motivation for AWE was to quantify gravity wave (GW) responses to diverse sources and their influences extending into the mesosphere and higher altitudes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AWE measures temperatures at 2-km cross-track resolution in a 600-km wide imaging swath at \u223c87&nbsp;km during nighttime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AWE swaths reveal a remarkable range of nighttime GW and instability responses from small to very large spatial scales over diverse terrain, deep convection, and oceans where no sources are apparent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mountain wave responses over small islands and large-scale orography exhibit horizontal wavelengths of\u00a0<em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0\u223c 10\u2013300\u00a0km or longer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Convective GWs likewise reveal\u00a0<em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0\u223c 10\u2013300\u00a0km or larger over land and ocean sources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AWE also provides clear evidence of secondary GWs having\u00a0<em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0\u223c 50\u2013500\u00a0km in response to strong MW sources. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, the ISS orbit enables repeat observations over all sites at an \u223c4-day cadence and 2\u20133 successive swaths at an \u223c1.5\u00a0hr cadence over all sites near the ISS orbit inclination of 51.6\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> AWE swaths enable assessments of along-track, cross-track, and 2-dimensional wavenumber spectra of GW temperatures,\u00a0<em>T\u2032<\/em><sup>2<\/sup>, and velocity covariances, &lt;<em>u<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>&#8216;<em>w<\/em>\u2032>, for\u00a0<em>u<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u2032\u00a0=\u00a0(<em>u<\/em>\u2032,<em>v<\/em>\u2032) spanning GW horizontal wavelengths,\u00a0<em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0\u223c 30\u20131,000\u00a0km or longer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These spectral evaluations reveal the major contributions to GW pseudomomentum fluxes,\u00a0<em>\u03c1<\/em>&lt;<em>u<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>&#8216;<em>w<\/em>\u2032>, to occur at GW\u00a0<em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>h<\/em><\/sub>\u00a0\u223c 30\u2013300\u00a0km.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The mission collected valuable data over thousands of orbits, with initial datasets released earlier (e.g., after 3,000 orbits in 2025). It surpassed expectations and was deactivated to free up the ISS mounting point for the next experiment. The instrument will eventually be deorbited and burn up on re-entry. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":445862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691843224,691843221,691843227,691843223,691843226,691843222,691843225,691820424],"class_list":["post-445860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-atmospheric-gravity-waves-agws","tag-atmospheric-waves-experiment-awe","tag-convective-gravity-waves-cgws","tag-international-space-station-iss","tag-mountain-waves-mws","tag-oh-airglow-layer","tag-pseudomomentum-fluxes","tag-temperatures","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1RZi","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":445824,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=445824","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":0},"title":"NASA\u2019s AWE Completes Mission to Study Earth\u2019s Effect on Space Weather","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/22\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"On May 21, ground controllers powered down NASA\u2019s AWE (Atmospheric Waves Experiment) instrument, bringing the data collection phase of the mission to a successful and scheduled end, surpassing its planned two-year mission.","rel":"","context":"In \"atmospheric gravity waves\"","block_context":{"text":"atmospheric gravity waves","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-gravity-waves"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-NASAs-AWE-Completes-Mission-to-Study-Earths-Effect-on-Space-Weather.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-NASAs-AWE-Completes-Mission-to-Study-Earths-Effect-on-Space-Weather.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-NASAs-AWE-Completes-Mission-to-Study-Earths-Effect-on-Space-Weather.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-NASAs-AWE-Completes-Mission-to-Study-Earths-Effect-on-Space-Weather.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-NASAs-AWE-Completes-Mission-to-Study-Earths-Effect-on-Space-Weather.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":370784,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=370784","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":1},"title":"No, Smithsonian Magazine, Climate Change Is Not the Main Driver of Satellite Collision Risk\u2014The Sun Is","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/18\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"A recent article from\u00a0Smithsonian Magazine\u00a0(SM) titled\u00a0\u201cClimate Change Might Increase Satellite Collisions, Limiting How Many Can Safely Orbit Earth, Study Finds\u201d\u00a0claims that human-induced climate change is causing the upper atmosphere to contract, reducing drag on satellites and space debris, which could lead to more collisions. This is misleading if not outright\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0space-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-nasa_nyxocevvyx_thumbnail-1080_01.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0space-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-nasa_nyxocevvyx_thumbnail-1080_01.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0space-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-nasa_nyxocevvyx_thumbnail-1080_01.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0space-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-nasa_nyxocevvyx_thumbnail-1080_01.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0space-satellite-orbiting-the-earth-elements-of-this-image-furnished-by-nasa_nyxocevvyx_thumbnail-1080_01.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":382563,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=382563","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":2},"title":"Our Atmospheric Heat\u00a0Engine","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/10\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"A previous post presented Michel Thizon\u2019s description of gravity\u2019s effect on the mass of air functioning as a climate thermostat. Some years ago, Dr. Murry Salby wrote in detail about the troposphere operating as a heat engine and the stratosphere as a refrigerator.","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric physics\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric physics","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-physics"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":270990,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=270990","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":3},"title":"What NASA and the European Space Agency are admitting but the media are failing to report about our current heat wave","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/02\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The current heat wave is being relentlessly blamed on increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but there is a much more plausible explanation, one that is virtually endorsed by two of the world\u2019s leading scientific organizations. It turns out that levels of water vapor in the atmosphere have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":260970,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=260970","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":4},"title":"Thermosphere is Cooling, Bad for Satellites. Thermosphere is Heating, Bad for Satellites.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"There\u2019s a long running joke about\u00a0stories with the structure: world will end tomorrow women and minorities hurt the most. Either that or heads I win tails you lose after reading the following two articles.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0timed.webp?fit=1200%2C786&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0timed.webp?fit=1200%2C786&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0timed.webp?fit=1200%2C786&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0timed.webp?fit=1200%2C786&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0timed.webp?fit=1200%2C786&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281840,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=281840","url_meta":{"origin":445860,"position":5},"title":"To study atmosphere, NASA rockets will fly into October eclipse&#8217;s shadow","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/04\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From Phys.org By Miles Hatfield,\u00a0NASA This map details the path the Moon\u2019s shadow will take as it crosses the contiguous U.S. during the\u00a0annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, 2023, and\u00a0total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024. Credit: NASA\/Scientific Visualization Studio\/Michala Garrison; eclipse calculations by Ernie Wright A NASA sounding rocket\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"APEP team\"","block_context":{"text":"APEP team","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=apep-team"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/0-ChatGPT-NASAs-AWE-Unveils-First-High-Resolution-Images-of-Gravity-Waves-Driving-Space-Weather-from-Earths-Atmosphere.png?fit=1536%2C1024&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/445860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=445860"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/445860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":445915,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/445860\/revisions\/445915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/445862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=445860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=445860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=445860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}