{"id":441345,"date":"2026-04-25T08:11:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=441345"},"modified":"2026-04-25T11:59:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:59:04","slug":"diverse-organic-molecules-on-mars-revealed-by-the-first-sam-tmah-experiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=441345","title":{"rendered":"Diverse organic molecules on Mars revealed by the first SAM TMAH experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"441346\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=441346\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"784,1168\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 Diverse organic molecules on Mars revealed by the first SAM TMAH experiment\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?fit=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment-687x1024.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-441346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 687w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?resize=201%2C300&amp;ssl=1 201w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?resize=768%2C1144&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?resize=640%2C953&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?w=784&amp;ssl=1 784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Diverse organic molecules on Mars revealed by the first SAM TMAH experiment<\/strong> is the title of the <strong>peer-reviewed<\/strong> paper published on April 21, 2026, in <strong>Nature Communications <\/strong>(lead author A.J. Williams et al.). It details the results from NASA\u2019s Curiosity rover\u2019s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument performing the first-ever <strong>wet chemistry<\/strong> experiment using <strong>tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)<\/strong> on another planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Mary Anning 3 sample:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Location: <\/strong>Clay-bearing sandstone in the ~3.5-billion-year-old Knockfarrill Hill member of the Glen Torridon region, Gale Crater (ancient lake\/stream environment on Mount Sharp).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Method:<\/strong> In 2020 (sol 2879), Curiosity drilled the \u201cMary Anning 3\u201d target, delivered powdered rock to a SAM cup containing ~500 \u03bcL of TMAH (25% in methanol) plus recovery standards. The reagent performed thermochemolysis: alkaline hydrolysis + pyrolysis (up to 550\u00b0C) + methylation, breaking down larger macromolecular or mineral-bound organics into smaller, volatile, detectable compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Results:<\/strong> &gt;20 organic molecules detected via evolved gas analysis (EGA) and <strong>gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)<\/strong>. This is the <strong>most diverse collection<\/strong> of organics confirmed on Mars to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Includes previously known classes (aromatics, sulfur-bearing compounds).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Seven molecules never before detected on Mars<\/strong>, such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A nitrogen heterocycle (ring structure with C and N \u2014 structurally reminiscent of precursors to RNA\/DNA bases).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Benzothiophene (sulfur-containing aromatic, also common in meteorites).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Methyl benzoate, single- and dicyclic aromatics (e.g., naphthalene-related), and other functionalized compounds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The clay minerals likely helped preserve these organics over billions of years despite radiation, oxidation, and diagenesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The experiment was validated by running the same TMAH technique on Earth with the Murchison meteorite, which produced similar breakdown products (including benzothiophene), confirming the method works on extraterrestrial material.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scientific significance:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Demonstrates that <strong>complex carbon chemistry<\/strong> persisted in Martian bedrock for ~3.5 billion years in a once-habitable environment (lakes, clays that concentrate organics).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TMAH \u201cunlocked\u201d larger, non-volatile macromolecular material that standard pyrolysis missed, revealing greater diversity than earlier SAM detections (e.g., simpler chlorohydrocarbons, thiophenes, or alkanes in other Gale Crater samples).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthens evidence for <strong>prebiotic chemistry<\/strong> on early Mars: the right ingredients (carbon compounds, water, minerals) were present when the planet was wetter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Informs future missions: optimizes the remaining TMAH cup on Curiosity, the MOMA instrument on ESA\u2019s Rosalind Franklin rover, and planned experiments on Dragonfly (Titan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important caveats \u2014 no evidence of life<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper and NASA statements are clear: these are <strong>organic molecules <\/strong>(carbon-containing), <strong>not biosignatures<\/strong>. They can form abiotically through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Meteoritic delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydrothermal\/volcanic processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atmospheric photochemistry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radiation-driven synthesis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No isotopic ratios, chirality, or other definitive biotic indicators were reported. The nitrogen heterocycle is exciting because such structures are building blocks for genetic molecules on Earth, but it does not prove biology occurred. As researchers note, this shows Mars can preserve ancient organic matter \u2014 crucial for future sample return or in-situ biosignature searches \u2014 but \u201cif present\u201d remains the key qualifier for any potential biosignatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diverse organic molecules on Mars revealed by the first <strong>SAM TMAH experiment <\/strong>is the exact title of the peer-reviewed paper (A.J. Williams et al.) published open-access in <strong>Nature Communications on April 21, 2026 (DOI: 10.1038\/s41467-026-70656-0)<\/strong>. It reports the results of Curiosity\u2019s first-ever in-situ TMAH wet-chemistry run on another planet, performed in September 2020 (sol 2879) on the Mary Anning 3 (MA3) drill sample from ~3.5-billion-year-old clay-bearing sandstones in the Knockfarrill Hill member of Glen Torridon, Gale Crater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0\">Nature Communications<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Article&nbsp;number:<\/strong>&nbsp;2748&nbsp;(2026)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong> 10.1038\/s41467-026-70656-0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authors: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Amy_J_-Williams-Aff1\">Amy J. Williams<\/a>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Jennifer_L_-Eigenbrode-Aff2\">Jennifer L. Eigenbrode<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Ma_va-Millan-Aff2-Aff3-Aff4\">Ma\u00ebva Millan<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Ross_H_-Williams-Aff2-Aff5-Aff6\">Ross H. Williams<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Oph_lie_M_-Mcintosh-Aff3\">Oph\u00e9lie M. Mcintosh<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Samuel-Teinturier-Aff2-Aff6-Aff7\">Samuel Teinturier<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Janelle-Roach-Aff1\">Janelle Roach<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Charles-Malespin-Aff2\">Charles Malespin<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Amy_C_-McAdam-Aff2\">Amy C. McAdam<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Paul-Mahaffy-Aff2\">Paul Mahaffy<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Alexander_B_-Bryk-Aff8\">Alexander B. Bryk<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Arnaud-Buch-Aff9\">Arnaud Buch<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-David-Boulesteix-Aff9\">David Boulesteix<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Luoth-Chou-Aff2\">Luoth Chou<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Jason_P_-Dworkin-Aff2\">Jason P. Dworkin<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Valerie-Fox-Aff10\">Valerie Fox<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Heather_B_-Franz-Aff2\">Heather B. Franz<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Caroline-Freissinet-Aff3\">Caroline Freissinet<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Daniel_P_-Glavin-Aff2\">Daniel P. Glavin<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Christopher_H_-House-Aff11\">Christopher H. House<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Sarah_Stewart-Johnson-Aff4\">Sarah Stewart Johnson<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-James_M__T_-Lewis-Aff2-Aff5-Aff12\">James M. T. Lewis<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Angel-Mojarro-Aff2-Aff13\">Angel Mojarro<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Rafael-Navarro_Gonzalez-Aff14\">Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Chad-Pozarycki-Aff2-Aff15\">Chad Pozarycki<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Andrew-Steele-Aff16\">Andrew Steele<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Roger_E_-Summons-Aff13\">Roger E. Summons<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Cyril-Szopa-Aff3\">Cyril Szopa<\/a>,&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Michael_T_-Thorpe-Aff2-Aff5-Aff17\">Michael T. Thorpe<\/a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-026-70656-0#auth-Ashwin_R_-Vasavada-Aff18\">Ashwin R. Vasavada<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The search for organic matter on Mars has rapidly evolved in the past decade with simple aromatic, S-heterocycles, and aliphatic organic molecules detected in Gale crater. We report the in situ detection of &gt;20 organic molecules from clay-bearing sandstones in the ~3.5-billion-year-old Knockfarrill Hill member of Glen Torridon, Gale crater, by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite onboard the Curiosity rover. These molecules were liberated by the onboard tetramethylammonium hydroxide wet chemistry experiment. Diverse thermochemolysis products, including benzothiophene, methyl benzoate, and single and dicyclic aromatic molecules were released and detected by evolved gas analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicate the experiment successfully released molecules preserved in ancient macromolecular or free organic matter within Martian bedrock despite ~3.5 billion years of diagenesis and radiation exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Broader picture and next steps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Curiosity has now used its <strong>second (and final) TMAH <\/strong>cup on \u201cboxwork ridges\u201d formed by ancient groundwater; those data are still being analyzed. The technique will fly again on ESA\u2019s Rosalind Franklin rover (MOMA instrument) and NASA\u2019s Dragonfly on Titan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This result doesn\u2019t \u201cprove\u201d life or even strong prebiotic pathways\u2014it proves Mars could preserve a richer organic inventory than dry pyrolysis suggested, in exactly the kind of clay-rich, ancient lacustrine setting long prioritized for habitability. Sample return (still the gold standard) would let Earth labs apply far more powerful tools: compound-specific isotopes, enantiomer separation, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In short:<\/strong> A technical and scientific win for in-situ astrobiology. <strong>TMAH <\/strong>worked as designed, unlocking hidden macromolecular organics that survived billions of years. It strengthens the case for early Mars as a chemically interesting world without overclaiming biology. The search continues\u2014methodically, one drilled cup at a time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diverse organic molecules on Mars revealed by the first SAM TMAH experiment is the title of the peer-reviewed paper published on April 21, 2026, in Nature Communications (lead author A.J. Williams et al.). It details the results from NASA\u2019s Curiosity rover\u2019s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument performing the first-ever wet chemistry experiment using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) on another planet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":441346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691842534,691842533,691842528,691842532,691842531,691842529,691842530],"class_list":{"0":"post-441345","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms","9":"tag-mtbstfa-a-silylating-agent-for-polar-groups","10":"tag-sam-tmah-experiment","11":"tag-thermochemolysis-combining-chemical-reaction-with-heat","12":"tag-tmah-reserved-for-high-priority-samples-because-its-powerful-and-limited","13":"tag-tmah-thermochemolysis","14":"tag-wet-chemistry-run","16":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Diverse-organic-molecules-on-Mars-revealed-by-the-first-SAM-TMAH-experiment.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1QOt","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":441323,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=441323","url_meta":{"origin":441345,"position":0},"title":"NASA\u2019s Curiosity Finds Organic Molecules Never Seen Before on Mars","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"25\/04\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"NASA\u2019s Curiosity rover has detected the most diverse collection of organic molecules ever found on Mars, including seven carbon-containing compounds never previously identified on the Red Planet. 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How accurate would a climate model built on this simplified system be?\u00a0\u00a0Keith Minor has a PhD in organic chemistry,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0climate-models-epic-fail.png?fit=1200%2C931&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0climate-models-epic-fail.png?fit=1200%2C931&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0climate-models-epic-fail.png?fit=1200%2C931&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0climate-models-epic-fail.png?fit=1200%2C931&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0climate-models-epic-fail.png?fit=1200%2C931&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":300130,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=300130","url_meta":{"origin":441345,"position":2},"title":"\u201cCO2 Traps Heat\u201d is 1984ish DoubleSpeak","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Oxygen, Nitrogen and CO2 atmospheric molecules experience billions of collisions every second so that energy is transferred between them. CO2 can shed its absorbed energy via a collision in about 20 microseconds.","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":354603,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=354603","url_meta":{"origin":441345,"position":3},"title":"The Threat of Mirror Life: Revolutionary Science or Unprecedented Risk?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"16\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The\u00a0recent discussion paper published in\u00a0Science\u00a0by Adamala et al.\u00a0examines an emerging frontier of synthetic biology: the creation of \u201cmirror life.\u201d This concept involves organisms composed entirely of mirror-image biological molecules, a departure from the homochirality seen in all known life. While the field holds tantalizing possibilities, the paper paints a sobering\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Mirror Life\"","block_context":{"text":"Mirror Life","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=mirror-life"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00news-hq-mirror-life-dna.jpg?fit=1200%2C710&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00news-hq-mirror-life-dna.jpg?fit=1200%2C710&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00news-hq-mirror-life-dna.jpg?fit=1200%2C710&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00news-hq-mirror-life-dna.jpg?fit=1200%2C710&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00news-hq-mirror-life-dna.jpg?fit=1200%2C710&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":229273,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=229273","url_meta":{"origin":441345,"position":4},"title":"International research team cracks chemical code on how iodine helps form clouds","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/11\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The article says iodine\u2019s \u2018catalytic role in particle formation enhances its effects in the atmosphere wherever it goes, whether that role is eliminating protective ozone molecules or increasing cloud cover.\u2019 But it\u2019s not clear why this claim would be correct","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/0clouds__atlantic.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/0clouds__atlantic.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/0clouds__atlantic.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/0clouds__atlantic.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/0clouds__atlantic.jpg?fit=1200%2C803&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":328776,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=328776","url_meta":{"origin":441345,"position":5},"title":"IPCC Uses Overblown Global Warming\u00a0Potentials","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/05\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"he Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)\u00a0in Table 2.14 of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) show the increase in warming by methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) is 21 and 310 times respectively that of CO2. There has been\u00a0wide acceptance\u00a0of these values since publishing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CH4 (methane)\"","block_context":{"text":"CH4 (methane)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=ch4-methane-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/0-oops.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/0-oops.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/0-oops.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/0-oops.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/0-oops.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=441345"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":441360,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/441345\/revisions\/441360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/441346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=441345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=441345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=441345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}