{"id":440461,"date":"2026-04-19T09:54:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:54:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=440461"},"modified":"2026-04-19T09:54:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T16:54:16","slug":"trees-get-the-credit-but-the-oceans-produce-most-of-earths-oxygen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=440461","title":{"rendered":"Trees Get the Credit, But the Oceans Produce Most of Earth\u2019s Oxygen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"440463\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=440463\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"784,1168\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 Trees Get the Credit, But the Oceans Produce Most of Earth\u2019s Oxygen\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?fit=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-440463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 687w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?resize=201%2C300&amp;ssl=1 201w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?resize=768%2C1144&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?resize=640%2C953&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Trees-Get-the-Credit-But-the-Oceans-Produce-Most-of-Earths-Oxygen.jpg?w=784&amp;ssl=1 784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">AI generated by Grok<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trees and forests dominate the conversation about oxygen production, but the oceans are the planet&#8217;s primary oxygen factory.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reliable sources, including NOAA and the Smithsonian, estimate that <strong>roughly 50%<\/strong> (or more) of Earth&#8217;s atmospheric oxygen is produced by the oceans. The main contributors are <strong>phytoplankton<\/strong> \u2014 microscopic drifting plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that perform photosynthesis in the sunlit upper ocean layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One single tiny species, Prochlorococcus, is responsible for up to 20% of all oxygen in the biosphere \u2014 more than all tropical rainforests combined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estimates sometimes range as high as <strong>50\u201380%<\/strong> (or even 50\u201385% in some older popular accounts), depending on how net production is calculated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Land plants and trees (including all forests) account for the remaining ~50%, with tropical rainforests contributing only about<strong> 28%<\/strong> in many assessments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important note: The oceans produce a huge amount of oxygen, but marine life (respiration and decomposition) also consumes roughly the same amount. The net contribution keeps the atmosphere balanced at ~21% oxygen over long timescales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The imbalance in public attention comes down to simple visibility and messaging:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trees are tall, photogenic, and easy to photograph or campaign around (\u201csave the rainforest\u201d resonates emotionally).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phytoplankton are invisible to the naked eye \u2014 you can\u2019t hug a bloom or plant one in your backyard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deforestation is a direct, visible human impact. Ocean threats (warming, stratification, nutrient changes) feel more abstract and global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As one straightforward explanation puts it: phytoplankton \u201cdon\u2019t have good PR\u201d compared to charismatic trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phytoplankton populations are sensitive to ocean warming, which can increase stratification and reduce nutrient upwelling. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some recent modeling and field studies show regional shifts or modest declines in biomass in certain areas, and ocean deoxygenation is occurring (roughly 2% loss per decade in marine waters over recent decades). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the overall atmospheric oxygen level remains stable \u2014 the system has large buffers, and phytoplankton have shown resilience in past warm periods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The oceans quietly do the heavy lifting for every other breath you take. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protecting ocean health (reducing warming, pollution, and overfishing) is therefore one of the most effective ways to safeguard this invisible but essential oxygen engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>There is a purely chemical (abiotic) way oxygen can be produced in the oceans<\/strong> \u2014 separate from photosynthesis by phytoplankton or trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This process is called<strong> \u201cdark oxygen\u201d production<\/strong> and was first reported in a 2024 study published in Nature Geoscience. It occurs in the<strong> deep sea<\/strong>, thousands of metres below the surface where no sunlight reaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polymetallic nodules (potato-sized mineral lumps rich in manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, and other metals) lie scattered across large areas of the abyssal seafloor, especially in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These nodules can generate small electrical voltages (up to ~0.95 V measured on their surfaces, and potentially higher when clustered together).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The voltage is enough to drive seawater electrolysis \u2014 splitting water molecules (H\u2082O) into hydrogen gas (H\u2082) and oxygen gas (O\u2082) without any light or living organisms involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In lab and in-situ experiments, oxygen levels in sealed chambers rose significantly (sometimes more than tripling background concentrations) over two days when nodules were present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nodules essentially act like natural \u201cgeo-batteries,\u201d with different metal layers creating an electrochemical potential that powers the reaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This chemical oxygen production is <strong>localized to the seafloor<\/strong> and does not contribute meaningfully to the global atmospheric oxygen we breathe (which is still overwhelmingly from surface phytoplankton photosynthesis). However, it could be important for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Local oxygen supply to deep-sea life in otherwise oxygen-poor sediments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our understanding of how life might exist on other ocean worlds (e.g., icy moons like Europa or Enceladus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It adds one more layer to why the oceans are far more chemically and biologically complex than the simple \u201ctrees produce oxygen\u201d narrative suggests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The discovery also ties into practical debates: the same nodules are targeted for deep-sea mining for battery metals, so any impact on this process is being carefully studied.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trees and forests dominate the conversation about oxygen production, but the oceans are the planet&#8217;s primary oxygen 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Climate Scientists\u2019 Dishonest Fearmongering Loss of Ocean Oxygen","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"All humans and animals require oxygen to live. So, to evoke public fear, headlines often claimed global warming will cause ocean life to suffocate. They evoke the true but misleading factoid that warmer water holds less oxygen. Thus, rising CO2 will cause the ocean to hold less oxygen leading to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":306700,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=306700","url_meta":{"origin":440461,"position":1},"title":"How CO2 starvation Caused the Greatest Extinction Event","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Around 400 million years ago during the Devonian, carbon dioxide concentrations were over 2000 ppm, 5 times higher than today\u2019s level. However, by the end of the Devonian, the increase in photosynthesizing plants had greatly reduced CO2 concentrations to near dangerous levels.","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00GIK2TnRakAA5afi.jpeg?fit=1200%2C963&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00GIK2TnRakAA5afi.jpeg?fit=1200%2C963&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00GIK2TnRakAA5afi.jpeg?fit=1200%2C963&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00GIK2TnRakAA5afi.jpeg?fit=1200%2C963&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00GIK2TnRakAA5afi.jpeg?fit=1200%2C963&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262131,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=262131","url_meta":{"origin":440461,"position":2},"title":"How CO2 Starvation and Plate Tectonics Caused the Greatest extinctions on Earth, the Permian","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Our current atmospheric concentrations are only 40% of the optimum. For that reason, modern commercial greenhouses raise CO2 to 1000 ppm for maximum crop yields. If CO2 concentrations fall below 150 ppm, then photosynthesis can stop completely. So, policies to sequester and lower CO2 must be very careful not to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00extinction3.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00extinction3.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00extinction3.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00extinction3.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00extinction3.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":290685,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290685","url_meta":{"origin":440461,"position":3},"title":"Why Stupid People Believe Climate Change is Suffocating the Oceans","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"For several years click-bait media has terrorized guilt-ridden people with headlines like \u201cThe Ocean Is Suffocating, and It's Our Fault\u201d. But there is hope!","rel":"","context":"In \"atmospheric CO2 levels\"","block_context":{"text":"atmospheric CO2 levels","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2-levels"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0GA7eYLga8AAG8Ct.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1100&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0GA7eYLga8AAG8Ct.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1100&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0GA7eYLga8AAG8Ct.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1100&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0GA7eYLga8AAG8Ct.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1100&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0GA7eYLga8AAG8Ct.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1100&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":300130,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=300130","url_meta":{"origin":440461,"position":4},"title":"\u201cCO2 Traps Heat\u201d is 1984ish DoubleSpeak","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Oxygen, Nitrogen and CO2 atmospheric molecules experience billions of collisions every second so that energy is transferred between them. CO2 can shed its absorbed energy via a collision in about 20 microseconds.","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00GFlxav0bsAM1qzf.jpeg?fit=1200%2C905&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":211844,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=211844","url_meta":{"origin":440461,"position":5},"title":"Do oceans absorb more CO2 than expected? Researchers think so","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/08\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The ocean carbon cycle [credit: IAEA] \u201eBased on our model calculations, we assume that current estimates of oceanic carbon uptake must be substantially corrected upwards \u201c, said one researcher. A major revision, of \u201aroughly 10% of our carbon budget \u2018, is suggested. Phytoplankton hold the key.\u2013 \u2013 \u2013Phytoplankton need light\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=440461"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":440477,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/440461\/revisions\/440477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/440463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=440461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=440461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=440461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}