{"id":436435,"date":"2026-04-01T23:39:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T06:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=436435"},"modified":"2026-04-05T10:26:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-05T17:26:32","slug":"ev-power-consumption-a-costly-mystery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=436435","title":{"rendered":"EV power consumption \u2014 a costly mystery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

From CFACT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By David Wojick<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article is about questions, not answers. When it comes to understanding the electric power grid, there is a big data gap that needs to be overcome. We have no actual data on how much electricity EVs consume or when and where they consume it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The problem is that most EVs, most of the time, are charged at the owner\u2019s residence or workplace. In both cases, the electricity consumed is often simply added to that building\u2019s total on the meter. There is no separate accounting for it, so no data. There are about 7,000,000 EVs on the American road with unknown grid impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We do have a government guess to a preposterous eight significant figures, based on a computer model. But there is no way to test or calibrate the model, so there is no reason to believe its output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still, we can use these conjectured numbers to make some basic points about EV power and energy usage. We will treat them as true for the moment.\u00a0They are from EIA here.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estimated total EV energy consumption for the last three years is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2025 = 23,532,855 MWh 2024 = 17,800,214 MWh 2023 = 13,212,000 MWh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note that the number almost doubled in just two years. That is remarkable growth, especially when people talk about the EV market being dead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Still even the biggest number is just a tiny fraction of U.S. electric energy consumption. As a result, many articles say it shows that EVs have little or no grid impact. That conclusion is seriously wrong because there is more to the grid than total annual statistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What mostly challenges the grid is power not energy, MW not MWh, especially peak demand. Here EVs can have a significant impact because they are in effect peak demand generators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The typical EV only charges for a very small fraction of the time, so the charge rate is quite large. In fact, there is a tremendous effort to develop ever faster charging, which makes the charge peak even bigger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When lots of EVs charge at the same time, the combined peak demand can be very significant. It is the impact of a lot of EVs charging at the same time that we need to understand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here is a wildly worst-case scenario that that makes the potential impact clear. First, let\u2019s assume all the 7 million or so EVs charge at the same time. Second, let\u2019s say they charge three times a week and it takes just a half hour each time, with a constant charge rate. (This short time is reasonable because most will just be topping off to get a full charge.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taking the 2025 number at a round 24,000,000 MWh, that amount is drawn from the grid in 156 hours. The charge rate is just under 154,000 MW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a huge demand. In fact, it is roughly equal to the record peak demand at PJM which serves 67 million customers. Demand like this would quickly fry the grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, the reality is far more complex, and nothing even remotely like this has ever happened. But there are only so many hours a day, and most of those 7 million EVs have to be charged fairly often.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The big question is what do the potential many-EV combined peaks look like at a realistic scale? They may already be a problem at the local level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the reliability problem may yet be small, the cost problem might already be big. It has long been claimed that many local power distribution networks will need to be upgraded to provide the capacity to handle EV charging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Upgrading is expensive, and if there is a lot going on, it might be a significant component of the present price increases. Is there a correlation between EV registrations and electricity price increases?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that EV power usage is invisible could be hiding problems that are serious and rapidly growing. We really need to understand what is going on.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The problem is that most EVs, most of the time, are charged at the owner\u2019s residence or workplace. In both cases, the electricity consumed is often simply added to that building\u2019s total on the meter. There is no separate accounting for it, so no data. There are about 7,000,000 EVs on the American road with unknown grid impacts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":436437,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"{\"document\":\"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report 80% more problems than petrol, diesel cars","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"By Jo Nova Add it to the list. A survey of owners of 330,000 vehicles found that EV\u2019s experience 80% more problems than petrol and gas powered cars. So EV\u2019s\u00a0cost more to fuel, take longer to arrive on long distance\u00a0journeys. They sometimes\u00a0burn down ships,\u00a0destroy\u00a0airport carparks, and\u00a0kidnap drivers. They are\u00a0a national\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"80% more problems\"","block_context":{"text":"80% more problems","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=80-more-problems"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/OIG-2023-11-10T201418.269.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/OIG-2023-11-10T201418.269.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/OIG-2023-11-10T201418.269.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/OIG-2023-11-10T201418.269.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":252690,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=252690","url_meta":{"origin":436435,"position":1},"title":"Biden’s 67% EV policy: a dictatorial attack on the American driver and the US grid","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"14\/04\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Biden's proposed mandate of 67% EVs in the 2030s is a dictatorial attack on the American driver and the US grid that will","rel":"","context":"In \"Biden\"","block_context":{"text":"Biden","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=biden"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/09f9857d1-967d-4cb9-94ac-e33a3ad2563f_746x441.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/09f9857d1-967d-4cb9-94ac-e33a3ad2563f_746x441.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/09f9857d1-967d-4cb9-94ac-e33a3ad2563f_746x441.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/09f9857d1-967d-4cb9-94ac-e33a3ad2563f_746x441.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238324,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=238324","url_meta":{"origin":436435,"position":2},"title":"Green Energy Revolution? Oil Use Growing at a Million Barrels per Day Per Year","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/01\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Robert Lyman: The \u2018truth about oil\u2019 is that the world keeps using more of it\u00a0","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/0Screenshot-2023-01-07-143019.png?fit=834%2C559&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/0Screenshot-2023-01-07-143019.png?fit=834%2C559&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/0Screenshot-2023-01-07-143019.png?fit=834%2C559&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/0Screenshot-2023-01-07-143019.png?fit=834%2C559&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":205587,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=205587","url_meta":{"origin":436435,"position":3},"title":"Aussie ABC: Electric Vehicles Could Overload the Grid","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"23\/06\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Essay by Eric Worrall \u201cAt the moment our electricity grid is not coping at all\u201d: According to Origin Energy, a major Aussie supplier, unless smart chargers are used to shift EV charging load away from peak times, the grid will struggle to cope with people plugging their vehicles in after\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-89.png?fit=1080%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-89.png?fit=1080%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-89.png?fit=1080%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-89.png?fit=1080%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-89.png?fit=1080%2C1051&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":271518,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=271518","url_meta":{"origin":436435,"position":4},"title":"Unsold Electric Cars May Be Signaling A Death Spiral For The Auto Industry.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/08\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Endless government subsidies to encourage EV sales seems unable to sway the logical thinking and the numerous concerns of the average citizens to buy into EV\u2019s.","rel":"","context":"In \"clean energy\"","block_context":{"text":"clean energy","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=clean-energy"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-137.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-137.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-137.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-137.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-137.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":204840,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=204840","url_meta":{"origin":436435,"position":5},"title":"EV\u2019s Fossil Fuel Economy No Better than ICE Vehicles","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"18\/06\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u2026But the price per mile of EVs energy use is cheaper for the time being ($2 per gallon of gas equivalent) Photo credit: Insideevs.com. Most of the electricity generated in the U.S. continues to come from fossil fuels (61% in 2021). This is not likely to change much in the\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0do-you-know-how-inefficient-combustion-engines-are-compared-to-evs.jpg?fit=889%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0do-you-know-how-inefficient-combustion-engines-are-compared-to-evs.jpg?fit=889%2C500&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0do-you-know-how-inefficient-combustion-engines-are-compared-to-evs.jpg?fit=889%2C500&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0do-you-know-how-inefficient-combustion-engines-are-compared-to-evs.jpg?fit=889%2C500&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=436435"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":436443,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436435\/revisions\/436443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/436437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=436435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=436435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=436435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}