{"id":436128,"date":"2026-04-01T09:19:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=436128"},"modified":"2026-04-01T09:19:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T07:19:04","slug":"another-ipcc-dog-ate-my-homework-excuse-argo-ocean-heat-claims-laid-to-rest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=436128","title":{"rendered":"Another IPCC ‘Dog Ate My Homework’ Excuse: Argo Ocean Heat Claims Laid to Rest"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

IPCC models have \u201crun hot\u201d for years. Past excuses included aerosols (dust, sulfates, sea salt, smoke, volcanic ash) masking CO\u2082-driven warming by reflecting sunlight. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When that didn\u2019t fully explain the gap, the narrative shifted to the oceans absorbing ~90% of the \u201cexcess heat\u201d from anthropogenic global warming (AGW). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This led to the Argo float network- thousands of drifting buoys that dive, measure temperature\/salinity to ~2,000 m depth, surface, and transmit data via satellite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ponton cites a March 10, 2026, paper uploaded to Zenodo (and published in Science of Climate Change): \u201cIPCC\u2019s Earth Energy Imbalance Assessment is Based on Physically Invalid Argo-Float-Based Estimates of Global Ocean Heat Content\u201d by J. Cohler, D.R. Legates, K.C. Green, O. Humlum, F. Soon, and W. Soon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The core allegation is that the IPCC\u2019s Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI) estimate (~0.7 W\/m\u00b2 planetary heat uptake) and derived global ocean heat content (OHC) figures are not actual physical measurements. Instead, they are computational artifacts created by the statistical gridding, extrapolation, and averaging methods applied to sparse Argo data. The authors call this a \u201ccategory error\u201d- treating derived numerical constructs as if they directly represent real-world energy changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The article concludes that repeated \u201cexcuses\u201d erode trust, portraying the IPCC as more ideologically driven than scientifically rigorous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate data and modeling remain contested on sensitivity, feedback, and attribution details- not the basic greenhouse effect itself. Ongoing scrutiny, better observations, and transparent methods serve science better than any narrative of settled dogma or perpetual hoax.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another IPCC \u2018dog ate my homework\u2019 excuse laid to rest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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Image generated by ChatGPT.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

From The American Thinker<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Bill Ponton<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pattern recognition (of category error) at the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

he Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models have always run hot, predicting more surface warming than measurements are able to confirm. Rather than accept that their models are wrong, along with their underlying hypothesis regarding CO2-induced anthropogenic global warming (AGW), IPCC members have struggled to find an excuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a while, the excuse was that aerosols in the atmosphere such as dust, sulfate particles, sea salt, industrial smoke, and volcanic ash were masking the effect of CO2-induced AGW. By virtue of their ability to scatter and reflect sunlight back to space, they produce a cooling effect. However, upon further investigation, that theory came up short in providing the answer to the missing heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next idea to gain prominence was the theory that the ocean was absorbing all the additional heat generated by AGW. IPCC scientists estimated that 90% of the additional heat was taken up in the oceans. It was an interesting theory that is almost impossible to confirm. The ocean possesses a vast heat storage capacity, and it would be near impossible to detect a change in its temperature. However, IPCC scientists were convinced that a temperature rise could and would be detected. IPCC member states embarked on a massive program to place monitoring buoys in the ocean that would measure an infinitesimal change in global ocean temperature. These buoys would periodically submerge to various depths, measure temperature and then pop back to the surface to relay their information to satellites that would disseminate it to IPCC scientists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPCC scientists are proud of their latest science project. Unfortunately, they have also been sloppy with it. A new\u00a0report<\/a>\u00a0entitled, \u201cIPCC\u2019s Earth Energy Imbalance Assessment is Based on Physically Invalid Argo-Float-Based Estimates of Global Ocean Heat Content\u201d examines how their numbers are actually calculated. It reveals them to represent computational artifacts rather than measurements of real physical energy rendering the entire process a category error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why am I not surprised? When you see this pattern with the IPCC again and again, you lose confidence in its scientific prowess and come to the conclusion that it is primarily an ideologically-driven political body.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Climate data and modeling remain contested on sensitivity, feedback, and attribution details- not the basic greenhouse effect itself. Ongoing scrutiny, better observations, and transparent methods serve science better than any narrative of settled dogma or perpetual hoax.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":436126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"{\"document\":\"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Models, Clouds, OLR, and ECS","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"It is now clear, at least to me, that modern climate models make many critical assumptions that are poorly supported and sometimes conflict with observations. This is an attempt to explain some of these problems and how they developed over time. It is long past time for the \u201cconsensus\u201d to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0scream2.jpg?fit=1000%2C558&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0scream2.jpg?fit=1000%2C558&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0scream2.jpg?fit=1000%2C558&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0scream2.jpg?fit=1000%2C558&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":332716,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=332716","url_meta":{"origin":436128,"position":1},"title":"Clauser\u2019s Case: GHG Science Wrong, Clouds the Climate\u00a0Thermostat","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/06\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"IPCC\u2019s Green House Gas Science is Flawed and Untrustworthy. Clouds are the Thermostat for Earth\u2019s Climate, Not GHGs.","rel":"","context":"In \"Clouds\"","block_context":{"text":"Clouds","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=clouds"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0-clouds-over-the-ocean-23.jpeg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0-clouds-over-the-ocean-23.jpeg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0-clouds-over-the-ocean-23.jpeg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0-clouds-over-the-ocean-23.jpeg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0-clouds-over-the-ocean-23.jpeg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":306766,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=306766","url_meta":{"origin":436128,"position":2},"title":"Climate Model Bias 5: Storminess","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"It is uncontroversial that temperature gradients, at least in part, power our weather. Heat wants to flow from warmer areas to colder areas as it seeks an equilibrium temperature. On a larger scale, meridional transport is also, in part, a function of the temperature difference between the tropics and the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"AR6 WG1\"","block_context":{"text":"AR6 WG1","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=ar6-wg1"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00RS8788_453155009.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00RS8788_453155009.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00RS8788_453155009.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00RS8788_453155009.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00RS8788_453155009.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":435120,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=435120","url_meta":{"origin":436128,"position":3},"title":"Unfounded IPCC Claims about Rising Ocean Heat\u00a0Content","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"29\/03\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"From Science Matters By\u00a0Ron Clutz Alex Newman reports at Liberty Sentinel\u00a0New Climate Study Debunks Key UN IPCC Dogma. Excerpts in italics with my added bolds and images. Discussion of the Study itself follows later below. Breaking research reveals the key metric behind so-called global warmingis based on \u201cphysically meaningless\u201d calculations.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Argo float program\"","block_context":{"text":"Argo float program","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=argo-float-program"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/OIG.BNpyS5y.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/OIG.BNpyS5y.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/OIG.BNpyS5y.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/OIG.BNpyS5y.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 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the amount of global warming due to human greenhouse gas emissions.[1]\u00a0Due to the complexity of Earth\u2019s weather and climate, the connection between climate change\/global warming and greenhouse gases cannot be observed or measured,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, 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