{"id":435364,"date":"2026-03-29T22:05:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T20:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=435364"},"modified":"2026-03-29T22:05:25","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T20:05:25","slug":"lightning-bolts-on-jupiter-pack-more-than-100-times-the-power-of-earths-flashes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=435364","title":{"rendered":"Lightning bolts on Jupiter pack more than 100 times the power of Earth\u2019s flashes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Anthony Watts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

From the University of California \u2013 Berkeley,\u00a0via Eurekalert<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jupiter, the most massive planet in our solar system, has correspondingly humongous storms, some of which last for centuries. Some of these storms also generate terrific bolts of lightning, according to a new study by University of California, Berkeley scientists. Some flashes are 100 times more powerful than lightning on Earth \u2014 and possibly much stronger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results come from analysis of data from NASA\u2019s Juno spacecraft, which has been orbiting the planet since 2016 and scanning the atmosphere with its microwave radiometer, which can detect radio emissions from lightning similar to the radio interference created by lightning on Earth. Microwaves are at the high-frequency end of the radio spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n

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image:\u00a0NASA\u2019s Juno spacecraft passed north-to-south (yellow track) over Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere on 17 August 2022, detecting a cluster of radio pulses from lightning (cyan symbols marking instrument pointing for each pulse). Background map from the Hubble Space Telescope \u00a0identified the lightning source as an isolated \u201cstealth superstorm.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>view\u00a0more\u00a0<\/a>Credit: Wong et al. (2026, AGU Advances; HST and Juno MWR).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Studying storms on other planets sheds light on storms on our planet, which are still not completely understood, said lead author Michael Wong, a planetary scientist at UC Berkeley\u2019s Space Sciences Laboratory. His\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0was published March 20 in the journal\u00a0AGU Advances<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere\u2019s so much we don\u2019t know about lightning on Earth,\u201d he said, noting that scientists over the last decade have discovered several new types of \u201ctransient luminous events\u201d associated with thunderstorms on Earth. These TLEs \u2014 millisecond electrical phenomena in the troposphere above big storms \u2014 include sprites, jets, halos and a phenomenon dubbed ELVEs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On Jupiter, the lightning \u201ctells us about convection, which is how the atmosphere churns and transports heat from below,\u201d Wong said. \u201cConvection operates a little bit differently on Earth and Jupiter because Jupiter has a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, so moist air is heavier and harder to bring upward.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air on Earth is mostly nitrogen, which is heavier than water, so added water makes moist air more buoyant. The heavier moist air on Jupiter not only means it takes a lot more energy for a storm to rise, but the storm also unleashes a lot more energy when it reaches the top of the atmosphere, leading to high wind speeds and intense, cloud-to-cloud lightning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Wong, almost every spacecraft passing by Jupiter has detected lightning, mostly because the flashes stand out on the night side of the planet like a lightning bug in the dark. Based on data from previous missions, which could only detect super-powerful dark-side flashes, Jupiter got a reputation for packing more power into its flashes compared to Earth lightning. That was until a highly sensitive star-tracking camera on Juno raised doubts, detecting numerous weaker, Earth-like flashes. The problem with night-side imaging in general is that clouds can block the view of lightning flashes and make their true optical power difficult to pin down, Wong said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juno\u2019s core instrument, a microwave radiometer, provided a more precise way to measure lightning\u2019s power unaffected by obscuring clouds in Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere. Even though the instrument was not designed to study lightning, the downward-pointing radiometer can detect microwave emissions from storms nearby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But storms on Jupiter often occur simultaneously across belts that encircle the planet, making it hard to tell which storm produced the lightning. And without a precise location for the storm, it\u2019s impossible to determine the power of the bolts using microwave measurements alone. Wong compared this to hearing a series of pops at a Chinese New Year\u2019s parade and not knowing if it was exploding popcorn a few feet away or firecrackers a block away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stealth superstorms<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Luckily, in 2021 and 2022, there was a lull in storms in the North Equatorial Belt, and Wong was able to focus on one single large storm at a time, pinpointing its location using the Hubble Space Telescope, Juno\u2019s camera and images shared by amateur astronomers. He referred to these as \u201cstealth\u201d superstorms. Like true superstorms, their pattern of activity persisted for months and globally transformed the surrounding cloud structure. But unlike true superstorms, their cloud towers only reached the modest heights of small storms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBecause we had a precise location, we were able to just say, \u2018OK, we know where it is. We\u2019re directly measuring the power,\u2019\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juno made 12 passes over isolated storms during that period, and was close enough on four of them to measure microwave static from lightning. The flashes averaged three per second during these passes; on one flyover, Juno detected 206 separate pulses of microwave radiation. Of a total of 613 pulses measured, Wong calculated that the power ranged from about that of a lightning bolt on Earth to 100 or more times the power of an Earth bolt. Because he compared Earth lightning emissions at one radio wavelength to Jupiter lightning emissions at a different wavelength, there\u2019s some uncertainty in the comparison, Wong cautioned. Based on one study of lightning radio emissions on Earth, Jupiter\u2019s bolts could have been a million times more powerful than those on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Translating microwave power in a lightning bolt into total power is not straightforward, noted co-author Ivana Kolma\u0161ov\u00e1, a space physicist at Charles University in Prague, Czechia, and a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Lightning not only emits at radio and optical wavelengths, but also generates thermal, acoustic and chemical energy. On Earth, a single bolt is estimated to release about 1 gigaJoule of total energy, or a billion Joules: enough to power 200 average homes for an hour. Wong estimates that the energy in a Jupiter bolt ranges up to 500 and perhaps as much as 10,000 times that of an Earth bolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The lightning is likely generated similarly to lightning on Earth, where rising water vapor condenses into liquid droplets and ice crystals that get electrically charged, leading to large voltage differences between clouds or between clouds and the ground. That\u2019s why Earth\u2019s thunderstorms are associated with hail. On Jupiter, while water vapor fuels the rise of storm clouds into the upper atmosphere, the charged ice crystals are made of both water and ammonia. One theory is that water and ammonia combine to form \u201cmushballs<\/a>\u201d that fall like slushy hail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While more powerful lightning implies higher voltages between clouds, the details of how they\u2019re generated on Jupiter versus Earth remain a mystery, Wong said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis is where the details start to get exciting, where you can ask, \u2018Could the key difference be hydrogen versus nitrogen atmospheres, or could it be that the storms are taller on Jupiter and so there\u2019s greater distances involved?\u2019\u201d he said. Jupiter\u2019s storms are more than 100 kilometers tall, compared to 10 kilometers on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOr could it be that greater energy is available because with moist convection on Jupiter, you have a bigger buildup of heat needed before you can generate the storm to create lightning?\u201d he added. \u201cIt\u2019s an active area of research.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wong\u2019s co-authors include Berkeley postdoctoral fellow Ramanakumar Sankar and colleagues from the U.S., Czechia and Japan. The research was supported by NASA (80NSSC19K1265, 80NSSC25K0362).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Journal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

AGU Advances DOI\u00a010.1029\/2025AV002083\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jupiter, the most massive planet in our solar system, has correspondingly humongous storms, some of which last for centuries. Some of these storms also generate terrific bolts of lightning, according to a new study by University of California, Berkeley scientists. Some flashes are 100 times more powerful than lightning on Earth \u2014 and possibly much 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Coyote (picture that episode with the giant magnet and \u201ctornado seeds,\u201d) this is actually real science, and it is happening on Jupiter. \u2013 Anthony","rel":"","context":"In \"Earth-size ovals\"","block_context":{"text":"Earth-size ovals","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=earth-size-ovals"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":286582,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=286582","url_meta":{"origin":435364,"position":3},"title":"What Causes Earth\u2019s Strongest Lightning Known as \u2018Superbolts\u2019?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/11\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Superbolts make up less than 1% of total\u00a0lightning, but when they do strike, they pack a powerful punch. While the average lightning strike contains around 300 million volts, superbolts are 1,000 times stronger and can cause major damage to infrastructure and ships, the authors say. Illustration of deep convective cloud.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Earth\"","block_context":{"text":"Earth","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=earth"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0LIghtning.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0LIghtning.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0LIghtning.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0LIghtning.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0LIghtning.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":170335,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=170335","url_meta":{"origin":435364,"position":4},"title":"NASA\u2019s Juno: Science Results Offer First 3D View of Jupiter Atmosphere","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"30\/10\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"From NASA Oct 28, 2021 Jupiter\u2019s banded appearance is created by the cloud-forming \u201cweather layer.\u201d This composite image shows views of Jupiter in (left to right) infrared and visible light taken by the Gemini North telescope and NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope, respectively.Credits: International Gemini Observatory\/NOIRLab\/NSF\/AURA\/NASA\/ESA, M.H. Wong and I. de\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/01-pia24818_-_jupiter_bands_leigh_slide1-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/01-pia24818_-_jupiter_bands_leigh_slide1-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/01-pia24818_-_jupiter_bands_leigh_slide1-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/01-pia24818_-_jupiter_bands_leigh_slide1-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":171021,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=171021","url_meta":{"origin":435364,"position":5},"title":"Researchers begin to understand correlation of Schumann resonances and dust storms on Mars","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/11\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Wikipedia\u00a0says: \u2018Within the Solar System there are five candidates for Schumann resonance detection besides the Earth: Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn\u2019s biggest moon Titan.\u2019\u00a0The frequencies reported from Mars in 2009 are also found on Earth.\u2013 \u2013 \u2013 Mars [image credit: ESA] The interaction of dust particles in Martian dust\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/003-mars.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/003-mars.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/003-mars.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/003-mars.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=435364"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":435374,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435364\/revisions\/435374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/435373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=435364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=435364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=435364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}