{"id":433383,"date":"2026-03-23T08:41:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T07:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=433383"},"modified":"2026-03-23T08:41:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T07:41:16","slug":"the-strait-of-hormuz-crisis-shows-the-world-still-runs-on-fossil-fuels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=433383","title":{"rendered":"The Strait of Hormuz Crisis Shows the World Still Runs on Fossil Fuels"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"433396\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=433396\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"784,1168\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 The Strait of Hormuz Crisis Shows the World Still Runs on Fossil Fuels\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?fit=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 687w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?resize=201%2C300&amp;ssl=1 201w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?resize=768%2C1144&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?resize=640%2C953&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-The-Strait-of-Hormuz-Crisis-Shows-the-World-Still-Runs-on-Fossil-Fuels.jpg?w=784&amp;ssl=1 784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/tilakdoshi.substack.com\/p\/the-strait-of-hormuz-crisis-shows\">Tilaks\u00b4s Substack<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@tilakdoshi\">Tilak Doshi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"362\" data-attachment-id=\"433386\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=433386\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?fit=750%2C375&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"750,375\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?fit=723%2C362&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?resize=723%2C362&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?w=750&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-218.png?resize=640%2C320&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Strait of Hormuz is barely 21 miles wide at its narrowest point. Yet this narrow maritime corridor carries one of the greatest concentrations of economic risk on the planet. When tensions flare in the Persian Gulf, the reverberations travel far beyond the Middle East. They are felt in Mumbai, Tokyo, Seoul, Bangkok and Manila \u2014 and ultimately across the entire global economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason is simple. Roughly one fifth of the world\u2019s oil consumption and a similar share of global LNG trade passes through the Strait of Hormuz, making it the most critical energy marine chokepoint on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consequences of that vulnerability are now playing out in real time. As conflict and disruption threaten shipping through the Gulf, Asian Governments are scrambling to conserve fuel, release strategic reserves and secure alternative supplies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spectacle is a striking reminder of an inconvenient truth. Despite decades of political rhetoric about an imminent \u2018energy transition\u2019 to \u2018Net Zero by 2050\u2019, the modern global economy remains heavily dependent on oil and gas. Much of that supply still flows through a single narrow passage between Iran and Oman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roughly&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=49158\">20 million barrels of oil<\/a>&nbsp;pass through the strait every day, representing around one fifth of global petroleum liquids consumption. About one third of global seaborne oil trade also transits this passage, making it the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/oil-2023\/market-report\">single most important oil chokepoint<\/a>&nbsp;on the planet. Liquefied natural gas flows through it as well, with Qatar being the world\u2019s second largest LNG exporter (after the US).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=65584\">Around 20% of global LNG trade<\/a>, primarily from Qatar, must pass through Hormuz before reaching energy-hungry markets in Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Shock of February 28th<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within hours of the United States and Israel launching coordinated strikes against Iranian targets on February 28th, the repercussions rippled across the energy system. Tanker traffic through the Strait collapsed dramatically, falling by more than 90% in the immediate aftermath. The closure was not initially triggered by the threat of Iranian mines or missile batteries. Instead, the immediate cause was more prosaic: the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newstarget.com\/2026-03-05-insurers-cancel-coverage-vessels-crossing-hormuz-strait.html\">withdrawal of marine insurance coverage for tanker traffic through the strait<\/a>&nbsp;by major insurers such as Lloyd\u2019s. Without insurance, tankers simply could not sail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iranian threats followed soon after, declaring that vessels linked to American or Israeli interests could be attacked at will. The spectre of escalation transformed a tense geopolitical situation into a full-blown energy crisis. \u2060 An Iranian military spokesman, Ebrahim Zolfaqari, \u200c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.standard.co.uk\/news\/politics\/cargo-ship-hit-hormuz-strait-trump-war-oil-iran-israel-b1274336.html\">declared<\/a>&nbsp;that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We won\u2019t allow even one litre of oil to reach the \u200cUS, Zionists and their partners. Any vessel or \u200ctanker bound to them \u2060will be a legitimate target. \u2026 Get ready for the oil barrel to \u200cbe at $200 because the oil price \u2060depends on \u2060the regional security which you have destabilised.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to early assessments from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/oil-market-report-march-2026?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">International Energy Agency<\/a>, the disruption represents \u201cone of the largest sudden interruptions of oil and gas flows in modern history\u201d. The&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2026\/03\/12\/an-attack-on-the-world-economy\">Economist<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;sub-titled its main story in its March 14th edition: \u201cWhatever happens in the Strait of Hormuz, energy markets have been changed for ever.\u201d Oil markets reacted instantly. Brent crude surged above $100 per barrel within days of the attacks. Analysts began&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/shafaq.com\/en\/Economy\/JPMorgan-analyst-says-Brent-crude-could-potentially-hit-150-per-barrel\">warning<\/a>&nbsp;that if the strait remained closed even for a few weeks, prices could reach $150 per barrel or even higher \u2014 levels historically associated with global recessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gordon Hughes, formerly Professor of Political Economy at the University of Edinburgh,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/home\/post\/p-191196132\">regrets<\/a>&nbsp;that the outbreak of oil price hysteria in the mainstream mass media as reporters with little historical perspective \u201chyperventilate\u201d when the spot price of Brent crude oil has reached or exceeded $100 per barrel. In his masterful unpacking of historical Brent crude oil prices, Dr Hughes observes that in constant 2025 dollars, the monthly average price exceeded $100 at 2025 prices at least once in every year from 2005 to 2014 as well as in 2018 and 2022. Indeed, the average monthly price over the whole period from 2005 to 2025 was $101 at 2025 prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-219.png?w=723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433389\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To understand the scale of the crisis, one must examine the geography of energy trade. The Persian Gulf contains some of the world\u2019s largest and cheapest oil and gas reserves. Meanwhile, the fastest-growing consumers of energy lie \u201ceast of Suez\u201d, extending from the Arabian Sea through the Indian Ocean into the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The result is a vast hydrocarbon artery linking the Gulf to Asia\u2019s industrial heartlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The table below shows the extent of Asia\u2019s heavy dependence on oil and gas imports delivered via the Strait of Hormuz.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"335\" data-attachment-id=\"433391\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=433391\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-220.png?fit=275%2C335&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"275,335\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-220.png?fit=275%2C335&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-220.png?resize=275%2C335&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433391\" style=\"width:341px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-220.png?w=275&amp;ssl=1 275w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-220.png?resize=246%2C300&amp;ssl=1 246w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Share of oil imports passing through the Strait of Hormuz (estimated). Source: various country and international energy data sources collated by ChatGPT.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"279\" height=\"303\" data-attachment-id=\"433393\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=433393\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-221.png?fit=279%2C303&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"279,303\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-221.png?fit=279%2C303&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-221.png?resize=279%2C303&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433393\" style=\"width:339px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-221.png?w=279&amp;ssl=1 279w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-221.png?resize=276%2C300&amp;ssl=1 276w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Share of natural gas (LNG) imports passing through the Strait of Hormuz (estimated). Source: various country and international energy data sources collated by ChatGPT.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The International Energy Agency&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/topics\/the-middle-east-and-global-energy-markets\">estimates<\/a>&nbsp;that roughly 90% of oil exported through the Strait of Hormuz is destined for Asian markets. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China and India all depend heavily on Gulf energy.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/japans-weak-spot-energy-focus-middle-east-crisis-worsens-rei-chair-2024-04-19\/\">Japan<\/a>&nbsp;alone sources about 90% of its crude oil imports from the Middle East, leaving it acutely exposed to disruptions in the region.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/why-is-asia-so-reliant-middle-eastern-oil-2023-10-16\/\">South Korea\u2019s 70% dependence<\/a>&nbsp;is nearly as striking. China and India, Asia\u2019s largest energy consumers, while somewhat more diversified than other key Asian economies, also rely heavily on Gulf producers for its oil and gas imports. In short, the prosperity of Asia\u2019s industrial economies remains tethered to energy flows through Hormuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz has abruptly thrust&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/03\/12\/strait-of-hormuz-oil-pipelines-iran-war-saudi-arabia-uae.html\">two alternative crude oil pipelines<\/a>&nbsp;into the global spotlight, one in Saudi Arabia and another in the United Arab Emirates. The first is Saudi Arabia\u2019s East-West pipeline network with a design capacity of seven million barrels per day connecting Abqaiq on the kingdom\u2019s eastern Gulf coast to the port of Yanbu on the Red Sea. The second smaller pipeline is the UAE\u2019s Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline to Fujairah&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/about\/oil-security-and-emergency-response\/strait-of-hormuz\">estimated<\/a>&nbsp;to handle 1.5 million barrels per day. Taken together, energy analysts said the two pipelines could help to partially offset the nearly 20 million barrels per day that typically transit through the Strait of Hormuz. But the risk of infrastructure attacks by Iran amid the sprawling Middle East crisis remains an ongoing challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Energy crises reveal priorities with brutal clarity. When prices spike or supplies tighten, governments do not turn to wind turbines or solar panels for emergency relief. They turn to stockpiled hydrocarbons. Across Asia, governments have already begun&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/governments-actions-response-oil-price-surge-escalating-middle-east-conflict-2026-03-16\/\">implementing conservation measures<\/a>&nbsp;designed to reduce energy demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/thailand-orders-bureaucrats-use-stairs-work-home-energy-saving-drive-2024-04-30\/\">Thailand<\/a>, for instance, recently instructed civil servants to work from home where possible, restrict travel and set air-conditioning temperatures no lower than 26\u201327\u00b0C in government buildings as part of an emergency energy-saving campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/indonesia-import-more-crude-oil-us-middle-east-conflict-escalates-minister-says-2024-04-16\/\">Indonesia<\/a>&nbsp;has sought to increase crude purchases from the United States to offset potential supply disruptions from the Middle East.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/bangladesh-secures-spot-lng-cargoes-mideast-conflict-lifts-costs-2024-04-18\/\">Bangladesh<\/a>, heavily reliant on LNG imports from Qatar, has scrambled to secure additional cargoes amid rising prices. Sri Lanka introduced fuel rationing on Sunday to extend the life of its supplies. The country also instituted a four-day working week and a work-from-home mandate to conserve dwindling oil and gas reserves amid supply disruptions caused by the US-Israeli war on Iran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such responses underscore a simple but politically inconvenient truth: hydrocarbons remain the backbone of modern energy systems. When crisis strikes, governments do not rely on intermittent renewable power. They rely on oil and gas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The fertiliser and plastics supply crisis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The importance of the Strait of Hormuz extends beyond oil and gas. The&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tfi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Fertilizer-and-the-Middle-East-Conflict-2.pdf\">Fertiliser Institute<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;estimates that exporters exposed directly or indirectly to the conflict account for 49% of global urea exports, 30% of global ammonia exports and half of global sulphur trade. As one sharp analyst&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/shanaka86\/status\/2033738650392133738?s=20\">notes<\/a>: \u201cThat combination makes Hormuz not merely an energy chokepoint, but one of the most concentrated nutrient chokepoints in the global food system.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Persian Gulf is a major exporter of nitrogen-based fertilisers and chemical feedstocks essential for global agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Urea, ammonia and sulphur products produced in the Gulf underpin food production across Asia and beyond. According to UNCTAD estimates, roughly&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/osgttinf2024d1_en.pdf\">one-third of global seaborne fertiliser trade<\/a>&nbsp;passes through the Strait. The reason is simple. Fertiliser production depends heavily on natural gas, and the Gulf possesses abundant gas supplies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Middle East accounts for about&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theoregongroup.substack.com\/p\/strait-of-hormuz-is-chokepoint-for\">24% of global sulphur production<\/a>, and sulphur is the feedstock for sulphuric acid used across the nickel, copper and fertiliser supply chains. Sulphuric acid is a key input in manufacturing phosphate fertilisers used worldwide. China, facing shortages in its own phosphate production announced export bans through August, has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/energy\/en\/news-research\/latest-news\/agriculture\/030426-china-to-maintain-phosphate-export-suspension-despite-middle-east-war-sources\">suspended<\/a>&nbsp;phosphate fertiliser exports until at least August 2026 to prioritise domestic supply and ensure food security. This ban is expected to tighten global supply and increase fertiliser prices worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response to the Hormuz blockade, Asia\u2019s key world-class petrochemical plants announced&nbsp;<em>force majeures<\/em>&nbsp;in early March. These included Chandra Asri (Indonesia), Yeochun NCC (China) and PCS (Singapore). Due to disruptions in feedstock supply to Asia,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com\/news\/2026\/03\/shell-cnooc-china-jv-to-close-12-mmtpy-steam-cracker-due-to-feedstock-disruption\/\">CNOOC-Shell Huizhou<\/a>&nbsp;is planning to shutdown its large 1.2-million-tonne facility. The impacts of these&nbsp;<em>force majeure<\/em>&nbsp;declarations and planned shutdowns will extend to the plastics industry and beyond. They cascade into pharmaceuticals because the feedstocks are identical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Energy security, plastics, pharmaceuticals and agricultural resilience, in other words, are inseparable. A prolonged disruption of Gulf shipping will therefore ripple through energy markets, the global food system, food packaging and pharmaceuticals.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/shanaka86\/status\/2033733766045438439?s=20\">Analyst Shanaka Anslem Perera<\/a>&nbsp;lists the separate \u201cdomino\u201d effects of the Hormuz blockade on the consumer: \u201cEach domino hits the consumer from a different direction. Energy raises transport costs. Fertiliser raising farm costs. Packaging raises the cost of getting the food from the farm to the shelf.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response to the crisis, the International Energy Agency has coordinated a release of strategic petroleum reserves. IEA\u2019s 32 member nations collectively agreed to release&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/3\/13\/iea-announces-release-of-400-million-barrels-of-oil-but-is-it-enough\">400 million barrels of oil<\/a>&nbsp;to stabilise markets. That\u2019s one-third of the grouping\u2019s total holding of 1.2 billion barrels of government reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Previously, IEA member nations have released oil from emergency reserves five times: during the 1990-1991 Gulf War; after Hurricane Katrina in 2005; during the Libyan civil war in 2011; and twice after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Yet the practical impact of such releases may prove limited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strategic reserves cannot instantly replace a supply shock on the scale of Hormuz, estimated at 20 million barrels per day including roughly over four million barrels per day of refined products. The IEA has not yet provided a precise timeline for releasing the oil. Even under favourable conditions, the rate at which oil can be released into the market is constrained by logistical factors such as pipeline capacity and refinery processing. Coordinated IEA releases are usually spread over weeks or months, meaning only a portion of the 400 million planned barrels will be released in the short term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trump\u2019s strategic dilemma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">President Donald Trump&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/trump-calls-allies-help-secure-strait-hormuz-iran-vows-step-up-retaliation-2026-03-15\/\">said<\/a>&nbsp;on Sunday his administration is talking to seven countries about helping to secure the Strait of Hormuz amid the war on Iran, calling on them to help protect ships in the vital waterway that Tehran has largely blocked to oil tanker traffic. Trump argued that nations relying heavily on oil from the Gulf have a responsibility to protect the strait. He said in a social media post that he hoped France, Japan, South Korea, Britain and others would participate. Curiously, President Trump included China in his call for help in policing the Strait of Hormuz. China has not responded to the \u2018invitation\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The crisis now places the United States in a strategic bind as these countries have rejected President Trump\u2019s invitation to intervene in the Strait of Hormuz. The UK, Australia and Japan were cautious and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-in\/news\/world\/us-allies-uk-australia-and-japan-refused-to-deploy-warships-at-the-strait-of-hormuz\/ar-AA1YI3x8\">made clear<\/a>&nbsp;that they had no intention of sending warships to the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">President Trump had once campaigned vigorously against what he called \u201cforever wars\u201d in the Middle East. Yet the decision to participate in strikes against Iran alongside Israel has arguably drawn Washington into precisely the kind of regional confrontation he once vowed to avoid. The domestic political risks are substantial. Within Trump\u2019s own MAGA base,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/mtgreenee\/status\/2032112951671341230?s=20\">tensions<\/a>&nbsp;are already emerging between factions prioritising an \u2018America First\u2019 isolationist foreign policy and those advocating an uncompromising determination to declaw the Iranian menace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, global markets are delivering their own verdict. Rising oil prices threaten to push gasoline costs sharply higher in the United States \u2014 an outcome that could prove politically devastating ahead of mid-term elections. Washington therefore faces a delicate question: how to restore maritime security in the Gulf without becoming trapped in a long dispute over the strait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Could Washington declare its objectives achieved and step back from further escalation? Would Iran moderate its threat to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz in exchange for sanctions relief and security guarantees? The Strait of Hormuz offers a stark reminder of a principle that policymakers frequently ignore. Energy systems are governed not by political aspirations but by geography, physics and economics. For years, zealous advocates of the energy transition such as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tilakdoshi\/2023\/06\/27\/the-ieas-net-zero-roadmap-analyzed\/\">IEA<\/a>&nbsp;have predicted that oil demand will soon collapse as electric vehicles proliferate and renewable power expands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet the strategic importance of Hormuz suggests otherwise. Oil continues to dominate aviation, shipping, petrochemicals and fertiliser production. Natural gas remains indispensable for electricity generation and industrial processes in the pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals sectors. Wind turbines and solar panels, which generate intermittent electricity, cannot easily replace hydrocarbons across the full spectrum of economic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The world still runs on fossil fuels. Despite the hundreds of billions of dollars spent on renewable subsidies,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/lomborg.com\/news\/how-spend-162bn-fix-climate-along-everything-else\">Bjorn Lomborg<\/a>&nbsp;reminds us that fossil fuels supply 81.1% of global energy today (as of 2023), only marginally down from 81.4% in 2000. Fossil fuels are not on track to end by 2050 but rather in between four and ten centuries if we extrapolate recent trends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result is a persistent reality: the modern global economy still depends on the stability of a narrow maritime corridor in the Persian Gulf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The crisis unfolding in the Strait of Hormuz offers a sobering lesson for energy policymakers. Energy transitions unfold slowly. They require vast infrastructure investments and technological breakthroughs that cannot occur overnight. The global energy system has been built over more than a century. Replacing hydrocarbons entirely would require transformations on a scale rarely acknowledged in political debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The world will remain vulnerable to disruptions in oil and gas supply. And few places embody that vulnerability more clearly than the Strait of Hormuz. A sliver of water in the Persian Gulf still holds the power to shake the global economy. For all the confident rhetoric about a post-carbon future, the events now unfolding there remind us of a stubborn truth: the age of hydrocarbons is far from over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article was first published in the Daily Sceptic (<a href=\"https:\/\/dailysceptic.org\/2026\/03\/20\/the-strait-of-hormuz-crisis-shows-the-world-still-runs-on-fossil-fuels\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/dailysceptic.org\/2026\/03\/20\/the-strait-of-hormuz-crisis-shows-the-world-still-runs-on-fossil-fuels\/<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Dr Tilak K. Doshi is the&nbsp;<\/em>Daily Sceptic<em>\u2018s Energy Editor. He is an economist, a member of the CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;Coalition and a former contributor to&nbsp;<\/em>Forbes<em>. Follow him on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tilakdoshi.substack.com\/\">Substack<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/tilakdoshi\">X<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Strait of Hormuz is barely 21 miles wide at its narrowest point. Yet this narrow maritime corridor carries one of the greatest concentrations of economic risk on the planet. When tensions flare in the Persian Gulf, the reverberations travel far beyond the Middle East. They are felt in Mumbai, Tokyo, Seoul, Bangkok and Manila \u2014 and ultimately across the entire global economy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":433396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818618,691818228,691820814,691818154,691819094,691841779],"class_list":["post-433383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-energy-transition","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-hydrocarbons","tag-net-zero","tag-renewable-green-energy","tag-strait-of-hormuz","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1OK3","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":440313,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=440313","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":0},"title":"Qatar\u2019s LNG Exports Face Critical Test as Five Loaded Vessels Approach Strait of Hormuz","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/18\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Reuters reported on April 18, 2026, that five loaded Qatari LNG vessels are approaching the Strait of Hormuz, according to ship-tracking data.","rel":"","context":"In \"classic \"chokepoint\"\"","block_context":{"text":"classic \"chokepoint\"","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=classic-chokepoint"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Qatars-LNG-Exports-Face-Critical-Test-as-Five-Loaded-Vessels-Approach-Strait-of-Hormuz.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Qatars-LNG-Exports-Face-Critical-Test-as-Five-Loaded-Vessels-Approach-Strait-of-Hormuz.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Qatars-LNG-Exports-Face-Critical-Test-as-Five-Loaded-Vessels-Approach-Strait-of-Hormuz.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Qatars-LNG-Exports-Face-Critical-Test-as-Five-Loaded-Vessels-Approach-Strait-of-Hormuz.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Qatars-LNG-Exports-Face-Critical-Test-as-Five-Loaded-Vessels-Approach-Strait-of-Hormuz.jpg?fit=1168%2C784&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":438167,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=438167","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":1},"title":"Net Zero France Capitulates to an Iranian Safe Passage Fee for Gulf Oil","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/08\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"European Net Zero policies appear to have created a total dependency on imported fossil fuel.","rel":"","context":"In \"$2 million toll\"","block_context":{"text":"$2 million toll","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=2-million-toll"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Net-Zero-France-Capitulates-to-an-Iranian-Safe-Passage-Fee-for-Gulf-Oil.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Net-Zero-France-Capitulates-to-an-Iranian-Safe-Passage-Fee-for-Gulf-Oil.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Net-Zero-France-Capitulates-to-an-Iranian-Safe-Passage-Fee-for-Gulf-Oil.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Net-Zero-France-Capitulates-to-an-Iranian-Safe-Passage-Fee-for-Gulf-Oil.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":436901,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=436901","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":2},"title":"Europe\u2019s Hormuz Armageddon","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/03\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"European political and intellectual elites have spent the past few decades pushing the risk of imminent Climate Armageddon. Some of us can still picture the young Joschka Fischer, a Leftist of the Greens party who took oath of office as Environment Minister in the German state of Hesse wearing sneakers\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Deindustrialisation\"","block_context":{"text":"Deindustrialisation","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=deindustrialisation"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Europes-Hormuz-Armageddon.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Europes-Hormuz-Armageddon.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Europes-Hormuz-Armageddon.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Europes-Hormuz-Armageddon.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":430190,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=430190","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":3},"title":"Strait of Hormuz Siege: How a Prolonged Middle East War Could Cripple Global Energy Supplies","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/08\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important waterways, often called the planet's premier oil chokepoint due to its role in global energy supplies. This makes it a critical vulnerability for global energy security disruptions here can spike prices worldwide and affect economies far beyond the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Domestic Energy Procution\"","block_context":{"text":"Domestic Energy Procution","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=domestic-energy-procution"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Strait-of-Hormuz-Siege.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Strait-of-Hormuz-Siege.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Strait-of-Hormuz-Siege.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Strait-of-Hormuz-Siege.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Strait-of-Hormuz-Siege.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":432462,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=432462","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":4},"title":"Hormuz Choke Point Displays \u2018Green\u2019 Vulnerabilities and US Power","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/19\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"In the volatile waters of the Strait of Hormuz, maritime traffic has slowed to an agonizing crawl. Roughly a fifth of global oil trade passes through this narrow passage. Nearly half of the crude headed toward Asia must cross these waters.","rel":"","context":"In \"Asia\"","block_context":{"text":"Asia","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=asia"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Hormuz-Choke-Point-Displays-%E2%80%98Green-Vulnerabilities-and-US-Power1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Hormuz-Choke-Point-Displays-%E2%80%98Green-Vulnerabilities-and-US-Power1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Hormuz-Choke-Point-Displays-%E2%80%98Green-Vulnerabilities-and-US-Power1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Hormuz-Choke-Point-Displays-%E2%80%98Green-Vulnerabilities-and-US-Power1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":438227,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=438227","url_meta":{"origin":433383,"position":5},"title":"Hormuz Choke Point Displays \u2018Green\u2019 Vulnerabilities and US Power","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/08\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"In the volatile waters of the Strait of Hormuz, maritime traffic has slowed to an agonizing crawl. Roughly a fifth of global oil trade passes through this narrow passage. 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