{"id":430422,"date":"2026-03-11T13:19:33","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T12:19:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=430422"},"modified":"2026-03-11T13:19:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T12:19:35","slug":"geoengineering-in-action-did-pumping-65000-litres-of-lye-into-the-ocean-really-remove-up-to-10-tonnes-of-co%e2%82%82-without-harming-marine-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=430422","title":{"rendered":"Geoengineering in Action: Did Pumping 65,000 Litres of Lye into the Ocean Really Remove Up to 10 Tonnes of CO\u2082 Without Harming Marine Life?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"430428\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=430428\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"784,1168\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0 Ocean Really\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?fit=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-430428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?resize=687%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 687w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?resize=201%2C300&amp;ssl=1 201w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?resize=768%2C1144&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?resize=640%2C953&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?w=784&amp;ssl=1 784w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first of its kind involving ship-based dispersal in open ocean waters. Scientists released approximately 65,000 liters (about 17,000 gallons) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, a strong alkaline substance, often called caustic soda or lye) into the Gulf of Maine over an area of roughly 1 km\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They also added a smaller amount (760 liters) of fluorescent rhodamine dye to track the dispersion of the alkaline plume across a larger monitoring zone of about 3,600 km\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is an example of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), a proposed marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) geoengineering technique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ocean naturally absorbs CO\u2082 from the atmosphere, forming carbonic acid that contributes to ocean acidification (lowering pH). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over geological timescales, weathering of rocks adds alkalinity, helping the ocean draw down and store more CO\u2082 as stable bicarbonate ions (essentially dissolved baking soda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OAE accelerates this by deliberately adding alkaline materials to increase ocean pH in targeted areas, forcing additional CO\u2082 uptake from the air without relying on slow natural processes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal is scalable carbon removal to help mitigate climate change, alongside emissions reductions, not a complete &#8220;fix&#8221; or replacement for cutting greenhouse gases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Results presented at the Ocean Sciences Meeting in February 2026:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The addition led to measurable extra CO\u2082 drawdown from the atmosphere: between 2\u201310 tonnes confirmed in the first few days after release, with estimates up to around 50 tonnes total over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitoring showed no evidence of harm to marine life or ecosystems in the affected area, based on biological and chemical assessments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The &#8220;bright red&#8221; appearance mentioned in some reports likely comes from the rhodamine dye used for tracking (not the sodium hydroxide itself, which is typically clear or white in solution).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Context and ControversyWhile the trial was small-scale and controlled (equivalent to a tiny fraction of natural ocean processes), it has drawn attention and criticism:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Supporters see it as promising proof-of-concept data for a potential large-scale CDR tool.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Critics (including some in skeptical or alternative media) highlight risks of unintended ecological impacts from scaling up, questions about energy costs of producing sodium hydroxide, or broader concerns about &#8220;playing God&#8221; with geoengineering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">_________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This experiment tested ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), a geoengineering approach to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Oceans naturally absorb CO\u2082, but human emissions have acidified them (dropping average pH from ~8.2 pre-industrial to ~8.1 today). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>OAE mimics natural rock weathering by adding alkaline substances to raise pH locally, enabling the ocean to pull in more CO\u2082 from the atmosphere and store it as stable bicarbonate. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chemistryworld.com\/news\/ocean-carbon-storage-boosted-by-alkalinity-enhancement-finds-open-water-trial\/4023027.article\">Chemistry World<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">____________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Controversial geoengineering project sees scientists pump 65,000 litres of chemicals into the ocean to stop global warming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last August, 65,000 litres of bright red chemicals were pumped into the Gulf of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/maine\/index.html\" class=\"\">Maine<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;yet this wasn&#8217;t an enormous industrial disaster. <strong><em>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-15631303\/Controversial-geoengineering-project-chemicals-ocean.html\">Daily Mail Online<\/a> has the story.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, it was a controversial geoengineering experiment that scientists claim could help to slow down&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/climate_change_global_warming\/index.html\" class=\"\">global warming<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The oceans already hold around 38,000 billion tonnes of CO2, trapped as dissolved sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The geoengineering method known as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) aims to speed up this natural process by resetting the ocean&#8217;s pH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over four days, scientists added vast quantities of sodium hydroxide \u2013 an alkaline chemical tagged with a red dye \u2013 to the waters off the coast of Boston.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Making the ocean more alkaline should encourage it to absorb even more CO2 from the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, critics have warned that the potential effects on marine life remain uncertain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gareth Cunningham, Director of Conservation and Policy at the Marine Conservation Society, told the Daily Mail: &#8216;These approaches are resource\u2013intensive and their ecological impacts are still poorly understood.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For years, scientists have put forward OAE as one of the leading potential solutions to climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In theory, the novel approach could solve two problems at once by locking away excess CO2 from the atmosphere and fixing the oceans&#8217; rising acidity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without an &#8216;antacid&#8217; like sodium hydroxide to react with, CO2 dissolving in the oceans forms a mild acid that has slowly but surely reduced the pH level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is already having catastrophic effects on sea life, as the acid dissolves marine creatures&#8217; shells, damages coral, and even wears away sharks&#8217; teeth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LOC\u2013NESS (Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope) project is the first large\u2013scale experiment to test the impact of OAE in an open water setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With approval from the US Environmental Protection Agency and engagement with local fishers,&nbsp;scientists from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution poured alkaline chemicals into the ocean 50 miles (80 km) off the Massachusetts coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They then used cutting\u2013edge technology, including autonomous gliders, long\u2013range autonomous underwater vehicles and shipboard sensors to track the spreading chemicals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the next few days, the scientists measured 10 tonnes of carbon entering the water as the pH increased from 7.95 to 8.3 \u2013 matching pre\u2013industrial levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the best\u2013case scenario, the researchers estimate that the sodium hydroxide would absorb about 50 tonnes of carbon over the next year, equivalent to the&nbsp;average yearly emissions of five UK citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Principal investigator Adam Subhas, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, says: &#8216;These early results demonstrate that small\u2013scale OAE deployments can be engineered, tracked, and monitored with high precision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Read the full story <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/sciencetech\/article-15631303\/Controversial-geoengineering-project-chemicals-ocean.html\">here<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first of its kind involving ship-based dispersal in open ocean waters\u2014scientists released approximately 65,000 liters (about 17,000 gallons) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, a strong alkaline substance, often called caustic soda or lye) into the Gulf of Maine over an area of roughly 1 km\u00b2. They also added a smaller amount (760 liters) of fluorescent rhodamine dye to track the dispersion of the alkaline plume across a larger monitoring zone of about 3,600 km\u00b2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":430428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[691829997,691820918,691818087,691830359,691826365,691818154,691841797,691841798,691841796],"class_list":{"0":"post-430422","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-dioxide-co","9":"tag-geoengineering","10":"tag-global-warming","11":"tag-gulf-of-maine","12":"tag-marine-life","13":"tag-net-zero","14":"tag-ocean-alkalinity-enhancement-oae","15":"tag-sodium-hydroxide-naoh","16":"tag-the-daily-mail-online","18":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-Ocean-Really.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1NYi","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":336097,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=336097","url_meta":{"origin":430422,"position":0},"title":"The WHOI Lye Dumping Experiment: A Reckless Attempt at Climate Mitigation","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/07\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The recent announcement by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) to conduct an experiment involving the dumping of lye into the ocean is a striking example of the overzealous and poorly thought-out measures being taken under the guise of combating climate change. 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