{"id":426316,"date":"2026-02-15T14:54:23","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T13:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=426316"},"modified":"2026-02-15T14:54:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T13:54:26","slug":"why-rethinking-climate-change-nicola-scafetta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=426316","title":{"rendered":"Why Rethinking Climate Change\u2013Nicola Scafetta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[Top]<\/strong>\u00a0Comparison of the harmonic empirical global climate model under the SSP2-4.5 scenario with the HadCRUT4.6 record (1850\u20132021) alongside the burning ember diagrams representing the five primary global Reasons for Concern (RFCs) under low-to-no adaptation scenarios, as reported by the IPCC (2023) AR6. [Bottom]<\/strong>\u00a0Summary and analysis of the projected impacts and risks of global warming for the 2080\u20132100 period compared to the climate \u201cthermometer\u201d projections from Climate Action Tracker (2024). Credit: Gondwana Research (2026). DOI: 10.1016\/j.gr.2025.05.001<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nicola Scafetta writes at phys.org (site not known for skeptical thinking)\u00a0Rethinking climate change: Natural variability, solar forcing, model uncertainties, and policy implications<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0 Exceprts in italics with my bolds and added images.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Current global climate models\u00a0(GCMs)<\/strong>\u00a0support with high confidence the view that rising greenhouse gases and other\u00a0anthropogenic forcings<\/strong>\u00a0account for nearly\u00a0all observed global surface warming<\/strong>\u2014slightly above 1 \u00b0C\u2014since the pre-industrial period (1850\u20131900). This is the conclusion presented in the IPCC\u2019s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) published in 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figure 3:<\/strong>\u00a0CMIP6 GCM ensemble mean simulations spanning from 1850 to 2100, employing historical effective radiative forcing functions from 1850 to 2014 (see Figure 1C) and the forcing functions based on the SSP scenarios 1-2.6, 2-4.5, 3-7.0, and 5-8.5. Curve colors are scaled according to the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the models. The right panels depict the risks and impacts of climate change in relation to various global Reasons for Concern (RFCs) (IPCC, 2023). (Adapted from Scafetta, 2024).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moreover, the GCM projections for the 21st century<\/strong>, produced under different socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), underpin estimates of future climate impacts and guide net-zero mitigation strategies worldwide.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The prevailing interpretation is that only net-zero climate policies<\/strong> can keep future climate change-related damages within acceptable limits. Yet such policies carry extremely high economic and societal costs,<\/strong> making it essential to assess whether these certain and immediate costs are fully justified by the current state of climate science.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, a closer examination of observational datasets, paleoclimate evidence, and model performance<\/strong> reveals a more intricate picture\u2014one that merits open discussion among students, researchers, and anyone interested in how climate science is evolving.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

My study \u201cDetection, attribution, and modeling of climate change: Key open issues<\/a>,\u201d<\/strong> published in Gondwana Research, examines several unresolved questions in climate detection, attribution, and modeling. These issues concern the foundations of how past climate changes are interpreted and how future ones are projected, and they matter because climate projections influence decisions that will shape economies and societies for decades.<\/em> [My synopsis: Scafetta: Climate Models Have Issues.<\/strong><\/a> ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A central theme is natural climate variability. Across the Holocene<\/strong>\u2014the last 11,700 years\u2014the climate system exhibited a Climate Optimum<\/a> <\/strong>(6,000\u20138,000 years ago) and repeated oscillations: multidecadal cycles, centennial fluctuations, and millennial-scale reorganizations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some longer cycles are well known, such as the quasi-millennial Eddy cycle, associated with the Medieval and Roman warm periods, and the 2,000\u20132,500-year Hallstatt\u2013Bray cycle. These patterns appear in ice cores, marine sediments, tree rings, historical documents, and in both climate and solar proxy records.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Current GCMs, however, struggle to reproduce the Holocene Optimum and these rhythms.<\/strong>\u00a0They generate internal variability, but not with the correct timing, amplitude, or persistence. When a model cannot capture the natural \u201cheartbeat\u201d of the climate system, distinguishing human-driven warming from background variability becomes challenging. This is particularly relevant for interpreting the warming observed since 1850\u20131900, because both the Eddy and Hallstatt\u2013Bray cycles have been in rising phases since roughly the 1600s.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Figure 1. Anthropgenic and natural contributions. (a) Locked scaling factors, weak Pre Industrial Climate Anomalies (PCA). (b) Free scaling, strong PCA Source:\u00a0Larminat, P. de (2023)<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

A portion of the post-industrial warming<\/strong> could therefore stem from these long natural oscillations<\/strong>, which are expected to peak in the 21st century and in the second half of the third millennium, respectively.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another key issue concerns the global surface temperature datasets<\/strong> that serve as the backbone of global warming assessment. These datasets are essential but not perfect.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Urbanization, land-use changes, station relocations, and instrumentation shifts can introduce\u00a0non- climatic biases.<\/strong>\u00a0Many corrections exist, yet uncertainties persist. Even small unresolved biases can influence long-term trends.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study highlights\u00a0well- known discrepancies<\/strong>: satellite-based estimates of lower-troposphere temperatures since 1980 show about 20\u201330% less warming than surface-based records, particularly over Northern Hemisphere land areas.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recent reconstructions based on confirmed rural stations also show significantly weaker secular warming. These differences underscore the need for continued scrutiny of observational records.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Solar and astronomical influences r<\/strong>epresent another area where science is still evolving. The sun varies in ways not fully captured by the simplified irradiance reconstructions used in many models. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the climate system responds not only to total solar irradiance but also to spectral variations, magnetic modulation, and indirect effects on atmospheric circulation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

These mechanisms are still under investigation, and their representation in models remains incomplete, even though empirical evidence suggests that they may play a dominant role<\/strong>\u2014potentially more influential than the simple total-solar-irradiance forcing currently implemented.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moreover, despite ongoing controversy surrounding long-term solar variability,<\/strong> current GCMs are typically forced with solar reconstructions that exhibit extremely low secular variability. This helps explain why these models attribute nearly 0 \u00b0C of the observed post 1850\u20131900 warming to solar changes and simultaneously fail to reproduce the millennial-scale oscillations evident in paleoclimate records.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direct comparisons between GCM global surface temperature simulations and observations also show that the models do not reproduce the quasi-60-year climatic oscillation<\/strong> associated with the 1940s warming period, and they tend to overestimate the warming observed since 1980. This \u201chot model\u201d problem has been documented in several studies and appears to affect a substantial fraction of current GCMs.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this connects to a key parameter in climate science: equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS)<\/strong>. The canonical estimate\u2014around 3 \u00b0C for a doubling of CO\u2082, with a likely range of 2.5\u20134.0 \u00b0C according to the IPCC\u2014derives largely from model-based assessments.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Empirical studies,<\/strong><\/a> including those that account more explicitly for natural variability, often suggest lower values, sometimes around 2.2 \u00b1 0.5 \u00b0C, or even as low as 1.1 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b0C if long-term solar luminosity varies significantly and if additional solar-related mechanisms influence the climate system<\/strong>\u2014mechanisms not included in current models. If ECS is lower than commonly assumed, projected 21st-century warming would be substantially reduced under all SSP scenarios.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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These graphs use Hadcrut4 and include the 2016 El Nino warming event. The exhibit shows since 1947 GMT warmed by 0.8 C, from 13.9 to 14.7, as estimated by Hadcrut4. This resulted from three natural warming events involving ocean cycles. The most recent rise 2013-16 lifted temperatures by 0.2C. Previously the 1997-98 El Nino produced a plateau increase of 0.4C. Before that, a rise from 1977-81 added 0.2C to start the warming since 1947.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The\u00a0interplay between natural and anthropogenic factors<\/strong>\u00a0is definitely more nuanced than often portrayed. When empirical models that include natural oscillations are used to project future temperatures, the result is typically moderate future warming rather than extreme trajectories. This raises important questions about the scientific basis for the most aggressive mitigation pathways.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The figure compares the warming expected from GCMs,<\/strong> as assessed by the IPCC, with the associated relative risks, alongside the expectations derived from the empirical modeling proposed in the paper. While net-zero pathways<\/strong> such as SSP1 are considered necessary to meet the Paris Agreement target<\/strong> of limiting global warming to below 2 \u00b0C by 2100, empirical considerations suggest that the same target could also be achieved under the far more moderate SSP2 scenario.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This distinction has major global economic implications, because the
prevailing climate- crisis narrative does not appear to be fully supported
by the evidence, and far less costly adaptation strategies could be
more appropriate than highly aggressive mitigation policies.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study stresses the importance of addressing the key open questions of climate science. Climate policy should be informed by the full spectrum of scientific evidence,<\/strong> including uncertainties and alternative interpretations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A central theme is natural climate variability. Across the Holocene\u2014the last 11,700 years\u2014the climate system exhibited a Climate Optimum (6,000\u20138,000 years ago) and repeated oscillations: multidecadal cycles, centennial fluctuations, and millennial-scale reorganizations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":426339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691841403,691818056,691818153,691824493,691825962,691841402,691818087,691830175,691818154],"class_list":{"0":"post-426316","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-anthropogenic-effects","9":"tag-climate-change","10":"tag-climate-models","11":"tag-climate-optimum","12":"tag-climatology","13":"tag-environmental-proxies","14":"tag-global-warming","15":"tag-greenhouse-gases-ghgs","16":"tag-net-zero","18":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/AQM9t0sOdtS_CQmr58yHizif319rVrBVVVwEYoXIRlGK080T40VUD0xKdGJwUk15yYx5KrVYFe6_hCpO2Jca_8CI0tjfoKgPphAny1raoc5UMGsFFUm7Iz0oCN20x_a8.jpeg?fit=1570%2C933&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1MU4","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":309151,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=309151","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":0},"title":"The Holocene Climatic Optimum and the \u201cpre-industrial\u201d","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"16\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The \u201cpre-industrial\u201d according to the IPCC in a footnote on page 43 of AR6 WGI is prior to 1750 for radiative forcings and before 1850 for temperature. Both dates are within the period commonly described as the\u00a0Little Ice Age.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0251A_2.jpg?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0251A_2.jpg?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0251A_2.jpg?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0251A_2.jpg?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0251A_2.jpg?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":245655,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=245655","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":1},"title":"The Holocene Temperature Conundrum","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/02\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Climate models are clearly not modeling natural climate change accurately, especially not orbital forcing. If you cannot model natural climate change, you have no idea what the human influence on climate is.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":404332,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=404332","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":2},"title":"New Study: Modern Warmth Is Merely Part Of A Natural Cycle","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"23\/09\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Throughout the last 10,000 years there have globally been much warmer and more extensive iceless periods than observed in the modern era.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQPgrn3ZxLw-CC_stfvn7rJ47kfQxsjoV7PqjmMBp8bsFPEV6Vo0YWnQM5FkNZu9fKhNAdxluHF5h4eTZOw_Cp8py10ce6c03OUVI0zvCqEossoYJmBU9gdMdGWS1KxORMrLSrQz1LqWL-T2W5A9zR-luiNHaA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQPgrn3ZxLw-CC_stfvn7rJ47kfQxsjoV7PqjmMBp8bsFPEV6Vo0YWnQM5FkNZu9fKhNAdxluHF5h4eTZOw_Cp8py10ce6c03OUVI0zvCqEossoYJmBU9gdMdGWS1KxORMrLSrQz1LqWL-T2W5A9zR-luiNHaA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQPgrn3ZxLw-CC_stfvn7rJ47kfQxsjoV7PqjmMBp8bsFPEV6Vo0YWnQM5FkNZu9fKhNAdxluHF5h4eTZOw_Cp8py10ce6c03OUVI0zvCqEossoYJmBU9gdMdGWS1KxORMrLSrQz1LqWL-T2W5A9zR-luiNHaA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQPgrn3ZxLw-CC_stfvn7rJ47kfQxsjoV7PqjmMBp8bsFPEV6Vo0YWnQM5FkNZu9fKhNAdxluHF5h4eTZOw_Cp8py10ce6c03OUVI0zvCqEossoYJmBU9gdMdGWS1KxORMrLSrQz1LqWL-T2W5A9zR-luiNHaA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/AQPgrn3ZxLw-CC_stfvn7rJ47kfQxsjoV7PqjmMBp8bsFPEV6Vo0YWnQM5FkNZu9fKhNAdxluHF5h4eTZOw_Cp8py10ce6c03OUVI0zvCqEossoYJmBU9gdMdGWS1KxORMrLSrQz1LqWL-T2W5A9zR-luiNHaA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":373772,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=373772","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":3},"title":"Is Climate Change Real? Short Answer: Yes \u2014 But It\u2019s Complicated.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/04\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"First, let\u2019s be clear \u2014\u00a0climate change is real\u00a0in the literal sense. The Earth\u2019s climate has been changing for\u00a0billions of years. We have geological records showing periods that were much warmer (like the Eocene, with crocodiles in the Arctic), and much colder (like the Ice Ages that covered North America in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climatechange-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climatechange-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climatechange-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climatechange-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climatechange-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":439655,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=439655","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":4},"title":"Bird Fossils from a Canary Island Cave Show a Warmer, Wetter Holocene Than Expected","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/04\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The authors conclude the early-to-middle Holocene climate in the Canary Islands was much wetter than today. Warmer global temperatures during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (~10,000\u20137,000 years ago, 3\u20137\u00b0C above present per Greenland ice cores) likely altered the Azores High, enhancing rainfall and supporting diverse vegetation and avian life.","rel":"","context":"In \"Azores High\"","block_context":{"text":"Azores High","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=azores-high"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Bird-Fossils-from-a-Canary-Island-Cave-Show-a-Warmer-Wetter-Holocene-Than-Expected.jpg?fit=1200%2C664&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Bird-Fossils-from-a-Canary-Island-Cave-Show-a-Warmer-Wetter-Holocene-Than-Expected.jpg?fit=1200%2C664&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Bird-Fossils-from-a-Canary-Island-Cave-Show-a-Warmer-Wetter-Holocene-Than-Expected.jpg?fit=1200%2C664&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Bird-Fossils-from-a-Canary-Island-Cave-Show-a-Warmer-Wetter-Holocene-Than-Expected.jpg?fit=1200%2C664&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-Bird-Fossils-from-a-Canary-Island-Cave-Show-a-Warmer-Wetter-Holocene-Than-Expected.jpg?fit=1200%2C664&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":170921,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=170921","url_meta":{"origin":426316,"position":5},"title":"Hilarious Writeup of the Heartland Climate Conference","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/11\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Guest essay by Eric Worrall Despite humans being tropical apes, we apparently find it very difficult to survive outside of temperate zones where average annual temperature ranges from 52F \u2013 59F (11C-15C). Climate change could bring near-unliveable conditions for 3bn people, say scientistsEach degree of warming above present levels corresponds\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/0beach_bear.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=426316"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":426341,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/426316\/revisions\/426341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/426339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=426316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=426316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=426316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}