{"id":423995,"date":"2026-01-31T13:51:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T12:51:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=423995"},"modified":"2026-05-28T13:34:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T20:34:55","slug":"130-years-later-the-co2-greenhouse-effect-is-still-only-an-imaginary-world-thought-experiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=423995","title":{"rendered":"130 Years Later: The CO2 Greenhouse Effect Is Still Only an Imaginary-World Thought Experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"661\" data-attachment-id=\"424002\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=424002\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?fit=1013%2C926&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1013,926\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP (1)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?fit=723%2C661&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?resize=723%2C661&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A mature man wearing a formal black suit with a bow tie, seated and holding a wooden instrument, set against a backdrop of rustic wooden materials.\" class=\"wp-image-424002\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?w=1013&amp;ssl=1 1013w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?resize=300%2C274&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?resize=768%2C702&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?resize=640%2C585&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Svante Arrhenius<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/notrickszone.com\/2026\/01\/30\/130-years-later-the-co2-greenhouse-effect-is-still-only-an-imaginary-world-thought-experiment\/\">No Trick Zone<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>By&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/notrickszone.com\/author\/kenneth-richard\/\">Kenneth Richard<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-videopress\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"VideoPress Video Player\" aria-label='VideoPress Video Player' width='557' height='1000' src='https:\/\/videopress.com\/embed\/V6v8tWsX?cover=1&amp;autoPlay=1&amp;loop=1&amp;playsinline=1&amp;preloadContent=metadata&amp;useAverageColor=1&amp;hd=0' frameborder='0' allowfullscreen data-resize-to-parent=\"true\" allow='clipboard-write'><\/iframe><script src='https:\/\/v0.wordpress.com\/js\/next\/videopress-iframe.js?m=1739540970'><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Modern climate science is constructed on a foundation of belief.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Svante Arrhenius is known as the \u201cgodfather\u201d of the CO2 greenhouse effect. Today\u2019s climate models are still based on his&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/images\/arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf\">1896 thought- experiment calculations<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;of CO2\u2019s imagined capacity to warm Earth\u2019s surface (71% water) out of a frozen solid state by tens of degrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">His one-dimensional model \u201cassumed a state of equilibrium\u201d for all other climate factors except CO2. In other words, the model does not account for changes in albedo, insolation, cloud cover, or relative humidity (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160932716300308\">Anderson et al., 2016<\/a><\/strong>). Instead, these climate parameters remain perpetually constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe calculations involved balancing the radiative heat budget (thereby assuming a state of equilibrium), namely solar radiation arriving at the Earth\u2019s surface (including the effect of albedo from clouds and the Earth\u2019s surface) \u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cHe assumed constant relative humidity within the atmosphere\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe cloud fraction remained fixed, as did the relative contributions of land, sea, ice, and cloud to overall albedo.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, the Arrhenius conceptualization is rooted in an assumed \u201cstate of equilibrium\u201d that does not exist in reality. An imaginary world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"948\" data-attachment-id=\"423997\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=423997\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?fit=813%2C1066&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"813,1066\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?fit=723%2C948&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?resize=723%2C948&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A journal article titled 'CO2, the greenhouse effect and global warming' discussing the historical contributions of Arrhenius and Callendar to modern Earth System Models, featuring a portrait of Svante Arrhenius.\" class=\"wp-image-423997\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?resize=781%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 781w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?resize=229%2C300&amp;ssl=1 229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?resize=768%2C1007&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?resize=640%2C839&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-574.png?w=813&amp;ssl=1 813w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image Source:&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160932716300308\">Anderson et al., 2016<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsc.org\/images\/arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf\">Arrhenius, 1896<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Even those who rigorously defend and extol Arrhenius\u2019s work admit his model is so primitive it cannot even represent heat transfer processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cThe simplicity of the model meant that there was no possibility of representing changes in heat transport\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Arrhenius even claimed moon temperatures are almost equal to Earth temperatures in his 1896 paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cNow the temperature of the moon is nearly the same as that of the Earth.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">He also claimed doubling CO2 levels (300 to 600 ppm) warms the ocean 5-6\u00b0C, and tripling CO2 results in an 8-9\u00b0C warmer ocean surface. There is no real-world observation supporting an assertion that doubling or tripling the CO2 in the air above a body of water results in these temperature changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">To top it off, the \u201cgodfather\u201d of modern climate science surmised it would take 3,000 years to double the atmospheric CO2 concentration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cArrhenius remarked that a doubling of CO2 would occur three-thousand years hence.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Imaginary-world models are untestable and thus unfalsifiable. The unfalsifiability of a claim necessitates it is no more than a belief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modern climate science is constructed on a foundation of belief.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":424002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"Discover how Svante Arrhenius's 1896 greenhouse effect model laid the groundwork for modern climate science, yet remains rooted in assumptions.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Svante Arrhenius: The Flawed Foundation of Climate Models","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":true,"token":"eyJpbWciOiJodHRwczpcL1wvY2xpbWF0ZS1zY2llbmNlLnByZXNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wMVwvMEFRUEFkSFl6ZENXRlo5ZHRrUm9tRWgycmY0Um9LYjM0WlBhOVdYZmIyeC1xWVc1OHpMQmEyeXZsdDNLNTRhdWQ1dGVJOUxPVXFtX3VqMWpPaUpUTGFGVEVPOFF3SW5DQVNJN2tMaXFCVXhNemUyTm9UUHBZR0xURzhwNnRaVm9QLTEuanBlZyIsInR4dCI6IjEzMCBZZWFycyBMYXRlcjogVGhlIENPMiBHcmVlbmhvdXNlIEVmZmVjdCBJcyBTdGlsbCBPbmx5IGFuIEltYWdpbmFyeS1Xb3JsZCBUaG91Z2h0IEV4cGVyaW1lbnQiLCJ0ZW1wbGF0ZSI6ImhpZ2h3YXkiLCJmb250IjoiIiwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTU1ODEyNDQ5fQ.T1ukHVbfCexkIiSJNC8TJEo4aGz6RYtAkLl8JFe2S8oMQ"},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691841091,691829997,691818153,691841090,691818087,691818296,691819453],"class_list":["post-423995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-1896-paper","tag-carbon-dioxide-co","tag-climate-models","tag-earth-system-models-esms-2","tag-global-warming","tag-greenhouse-effect","tag-svante-arrhenius","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0AQPAdHYzdCWFZ9dtkRomEh2rf4RoKb34ZPa9WXfb2x-qYW58zLBa2yvlt3K54aud5teI9LOUqm_uj1jOiJTLaFTEO8QwInCASI7kLiqBUxMze2NoTPpYGLTG8p6tZVoP-1.jpeg?fit=1013%2C926&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1MiD","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":305607,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=305607","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":0},"title":"Climate Model Bias 2: Modeling Greenhouse Gases","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Since the late 19th\u00a0century, with the work by Svante Arrhenius, climate models have been used to estimate the amount of global warming due to human greenhouse gas emissions.[1]\u00a0Due to the complexity of Earth\u2019s weather and climate, the connection between climate change\/global warming and greenhouse gases cannot be observed or measured,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/00Featured-2-1.webp?fit=1200%2C714&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261991,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=261991","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":1},"title":"New Research: Only 2 Of Every 100,000 CO2 Molecules Radiate Photons. And This Controls Climate?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/13\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Examining the beliefs underpinning the assumption that humans are heating up the planet can be enlightening.","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00-Northern-lights.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00-Northern-lights.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00-Northern-lights.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00-Northern-lights.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00-Northern-lights.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":256769,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=256769","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":2},"title":"Does More CO2 Warm or Cool the Planet?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"It is therefore proposed by the author that any attempt to curtail emissions of CO2 will have no effect in curbing global warming.","rel":"","context":"In \"Carbon dioxide\"","block_context":{"text":"Carbon dioxide","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00CO2.jpeg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00CO2.jpeg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00CO2.jpeg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00CO2.jpeg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00CO2.jpeg?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":241471,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=241471","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":3},"title":"Fatal Flaw in Earth Energy Balance Diagrams","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/25\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"It is therefore proposed by the author that any attempt to curtail emissions of CO2 will have no effect in curbing global warming.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1083.png?fit=758%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1083.png?fit=758%2C535&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1083.png?fit=758%2C535&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1083.png?fit=758%2C535&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":350328,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350328","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":4},"title":"Natural Climate Change Factors","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/06\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cConsensus\u201d scientists do not believe that solar variability, internal climate variability (in this model simplified to the ~67-year stadium wave), or volcanism influence net global warming or climate change since 1750, yet considerable evidence exists that these factors have an impact. I\u2019ve previously built a model of the\u00a0HadCRUT5\u00a0global average temperature\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00Screenshot-2024-11-06-163438.png?fit=1152%2C758&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00Screenshot-2024-11-06-163438.png?fit=1152%2C758&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00Screenshot-2024-11-06-163438.png?fit=1152%2C758&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00Screenshot-2024-11-06-163438.png?fit=1152%2C758&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00Screenshot-2024-11-06-163438.png?fit=1152%2C758&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":305410,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=305410","url_meta":{"origin":423995,"position":5},"title":"Climate Model Bias 1: What is a Model?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/01\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Conceptual models are generally tested, and hopefully validated, by creating a mathematical model. The output from the mathematical model is compared to observations and if the output matches the observations closely, the model is validated. 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