{"id":416020,"date":"2025-12-04T19:02:26","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T18:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=416020"},"modified":"2025-12-04T19:02:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T18:02:29","slug":"sizewell-c-levies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=416020","title":{"rendered":"Sizewell C Levies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Aerial<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Paul Homewood<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Table<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The latest table of Environmental Levies includes the Sizewell C RAB Levy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019ll let Grok explain!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the Regulated Asset Base (RAB) Model?<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

The Regulated Asset Base (RAB) is a financing mechanism used in the UK to fund large-scale infrastructure projects, such as nuclear power stations, by combining private investment with regulated revenue streams. It has been applied to sectors like water, energy grids, and transport for decades. Under the RAB model, investors (private and public) receive a predictable, regulated return on their investment over the asset\u2019s lifetime\u2014typically 60 years for nuclear\u2014rather than waiting until the project is fully operational. This reduces financing risks, lowers borrowing costs, and encourages private sector involvement.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For nuclear projects, the model was enabled by the Nuclear Energy (Financing) Act 2022<\/strong>, which allows developers to recover costs during construction through a levy on electricity bills, rather than solely via power sales once the plant is running. This spreads the financial burden across all UK electricity consumers, providing steady funding and sharing risks between developers, government, and bill-payers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Does the RAB Levy Work for Sizewell C?<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Sizewell C is the UK\u2019s first nuclear project to use the nuclear RAB model. It\u2019s a new 3.2 gigawatt (GW) nuclear power station in Suffolk, expected to generate low-carbon electricity for up to 6 million homes, with construction costs estimated at \u00a338 billion. The project reached financial close in November 2025, with the UK government taking a 44.9% stake (initially planned at 47.5%, later adjusted) and private investors (e.g., EDF, Centrica, La Caisse, Amber Infrastructure) funding the rest.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The RAB levy specifically funds Sizewell C\u2019s construction (expected to last about 10 years) and early operations. Here\u2019s how it operates step-by-step:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Revenue Determination<\/strong>: Ofgem (the energy regulator) calculates the “RAB payment”\u2014the amount needed to cover allowed costs, including financing, construction, and a regulated return on invested capital. This is based on the project\u2019s “asset base” value, which grows as construction progresses. Incentives and penalties are built in to encourage on-time delivery (e.g., bonuses for efficiency, fines for delays or overruns).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Levy Collection<\/strong>: The Low Carbon Contracts Company (LCCC) acts as the revenue collection counterparty. It imposes the levy on electricity suppliers based on the total electricity they supply in Great Britain (GB). The levy rate is set quarterly and published by LCCC, reflecting forecast costs. Suppliers must pass it on to consumers as a non-commodity charge (not part of the wholesale energy price).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Billing and Payment<\/strong>:<\/em>\n
      \n
    • The levy appears as a separate line item on electricity bills, similar to existing charges like the Renewables Obligation or Feed-in Tariffs.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • It\u2019s charged per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity supplied.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • All funds go directly to Sizewell C Limited (the project company) via LCCC\u2014no supplier margins are added.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • The levy starts during construction and continues into operations, potentially for decades, until the project\u2019s costs and returns are recovered.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Updates and Adjustments<\/strong>: Rates are reviewed quarterly. For example, the levy began in November 2025 (mid-Q4). Future values account for actual vs. forecast costs, with adjustments to protect consumers from excessive overruns while rewarding efficiency.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \"Table<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      These rates apply GB-wide and are forecast to recover construction costs over ~10 years, with total levy impacts depending on consumption (e.g., ~\u00a310\u2013\u00a320 annually for a typical household, more for businesses).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Benefits and Criticisms<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Benefits<\/strong>: Lowers overall project costs by ~\u00a34\u2013\u00a36 billion through cheaper financing; supports UK energy security and net-zero goals with reliable, low-carbon power.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Criticisms<\/strong>: Places upfront risk on consumers (e.g., potential for higher bills if delays occur, as seen in past EPR reactor projects like Hinkley Point C); seen as a “surcharge” on bills amid rising energy prices.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        I also asked how much it would all cost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Total Payments Under the Sizewell C RAB Scheme<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

        The Regulated Asset Base (RAB) levy for Sizewell C is designed to recover the project\u2019s efficiently incurred costs<\/strong> (primarily construction and financing) plus a regulated return on invested capital over the asset\u2019s lifetime\u2014estimated at 60 years. The total project construction cost is \u00a338 billion<\/strong> (in 2024 prices), but the full amount paid through the RAB levy will be higher due to:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Financing costs<\/strong>: Interest on debt and equity during the ~10-year construction phase (mid-2020s to mid-2030s).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Regulated return<\/strong>: An allowed rate (set by Ofgem) on the growing RAB value, typically around 5\u20137% for similar infrastructure, to attract investors.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Operational costs<\/strong>: Maintenance, decommissioning, and waste management during the 60-year operational life.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Adjustments<\/strong>: Incentives\/penalties for performance, plus any approved overruns (with caps to protect consumers).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          This means the total RAB revenue<\/strong> (i.e., payments collected via the levy) is not fixed at \u00a338 billion but is expected to exceed it significantly. Independent estimates suggest the levy could recover \u00a350\u2013\u00a360 billion or more<\/strong> over the project\u2019s life, depending on the exact return rate and any extensions. The RAB model reduces overall financing costs by ~\u00a330 billion compared to alternatives (e.g., full private funding like Hinkley Point C), through lower borrowing rates and risk-sharing. However, this benefit is spread across consumers and the system, not a direct offset to levy payments.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Breakdown of Payments<\/em><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

          Payments are collected quarterly from all GB electricity suppliers (passed to consumers) and flow to Sizewell C Ltd via the Low Carbon Contracts Company (LCCC). The levy covers:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Construction phase (~10 years)<\/strong>: Focus on capex (\u00a338bn) + financing (~\u00a35\u201310bn estimated interest\/returns).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Operational phase (60 years)<\/strong>: Lower annual amounts for opex, returns on the depreciating RAB, and decommissioning (~\u00a31\u20132bn total fund).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Notes:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Annual figures based on ~300\u2013320 TWh GB electricity supply, with levy rates starting at \u00a33.49\/MWh (Q4 2025) and rising to ~\u00a310\u201315\/MWh during peak construction.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Exemptions (e.g., Energy Intensive Industries) reduce collectible amount by ~10\u201315%, so gross levy is adjusted upward.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Post-operations, any surplus (e.g., from power sales at market rates) could lower future levies.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \"Table<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

              Obviously the amount of levy depends on the actual revenue from electricity sales \u2013 Grok confirms it has assumed a wholesale market price of \u00a350 to 65\/MWh, based on BEIS pathways. (As with CfDs, if Sizewell achieves all of its allowed revenue from electricity sales, there will be no top up subsidy. As electricity prices drop, so the subsidy increases.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Working through Grok\u2019s calculations though, the \u00a360 billion total levy forecast in that final table equates to a allowed revenue of around \u00a386\/MWh, at current prices. In comparison, the Hinkley C strike stands at \u00a3127\/MWh this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              On the face of it, the RAB model should save money against the CfD model used for Hinkley Point. But debt interest on Government borrowing of the \u00a314.2 billion invested in the project needs to be taken into account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              With gas power now close to \u00a350\/MWh, when carbon taxes are excluded, nuclear does not look very good value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              However Sizewell and Hinkley will have enormous, long-term security value, given the potential 60-year lives. Moreover, Sizewell C will provide electricity at much lower prices than the offshore wind that Miliband wants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              The message is clear \u2013 cancel all new contracts for offshore wind, ramp up gas power and keep building nuclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              The Regulated Asset Base (RAB) is a financing mechanism used in the UK to fund large-scale infrastructure projects, such as nuclear power stations, by combining private investment with regulated revenue streams. It has been applied to sectors like water, energy grids, and transport for decades. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":416028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Discover how the Sizewell C nuclear power station's RAB Levy will finance its construction and impact UK electricity bills.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Understanding the Sizewell C RAB Levy: Key Insights","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":true,"token":"eyJpbWciOiJodHRwczpcL1wvY2xpbWF0ZS1zY2llbmNlLnByZXNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8xMlwvMFNjcmVlbnNob3QtMjAyNS0xMi0wNC0xOTAxMDAtMTAyNHg1NTAucG5nIiwidHh0IjoiU2l6ZXdlbGwgQyBMZXZpZXMiLCJ0ZW1wbGF0ZSI6ImhpZ2h3YXkiLCJmb250IjoiIiwiYmxvZ19pZCI6MTU1ODEyNDQ5fQ.tqAisdkG_jK0OhGEmRqiFrzKcC3JEUnac5E5hzUKhGQMQ"},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691819814,691839999,691839998,691818154,691839996,691839997,691839995,691839994],"class_list":{"0":"post-416020","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-energy-prices-2","9":"tag-great-britain-gb","10":"tag-low-carbon-contracts-company-lccc","11":"tag-net-zero","12":"tag-nuclear-energy-financing-act-2022","13":"tag-nuclear-projects","14":"tag-regulated-asset-base-rab","15":"tag-sizewell-c-rab-levy","17":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/0Screenshot-2025-12-04-190100.png?fit=1561%2C839&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1Ke0","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":209544,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=209544","url_meta":{"origin":416020,"position":0},"title":"UK government grants consent for Sizewell C nuclear power station","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/21\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Existing Sizewell B nuclear power station The usual climate\/energy malcontents don\u2019t like it, but there\u2019s not much they do like that anyone who values reliability of supply, i.e. most of the public, could or should have confidence in. 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Protect birds. 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