{"id":413861,"date":"2025-11-19T08:41:49","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T07:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=413861"},"modified":"2025-11-19T08:41:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T07:41:52","slug":"is-rainfall-in-wales-more-extreme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=413861","title":{"rendered":"Is Rainfall in Wales More\u00a0Extreme?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"380\" data-attachment-id=\"413876\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413876\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?fit=1661%2C873&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1661,873\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l (1)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?fit=723%2C380&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=723%2C380&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"People walking in the rain with umbrellas and raincoats, showing the effects of heavy rainfall in an urban area.\" class=\"wp-image-413876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=1024%2C538&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=768%2C404&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=1536%2C807&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=640%2C336&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?resize=1200%2C631&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?w=1661&amp;ssl=1 1661w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com\/2025\/11\/18\/is-rainfall-in-wales-more-extreme\/\">NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Paul Homewood<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"456\" height=\"592\" data-attachment-id=\"413863\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413863\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-329.png?fit=456%2C592&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"456,592\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-329.png?fit=456%2C592&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-329.png?resize=456%2C592&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A scenic view of a lush, green valley with a river running through it, surrounded by hills and dense trees, under a cloudy, rainy sky.\" class=\"wp-image-413863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-329.png?w=456&amp;ssl=1 456w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-329.png?resize=231%2C300&amp;ssl=1 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I had a fruitful conversation with Grok, after he\/she\/it mentioned in passing that floods in Monmouth since 2000 had become more frequent because of climate change:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"91\" data-attachment-id=\"413865\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413865\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?fit=932%2C117&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"932,117\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?fit=723%2C91&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?resize=723%2C91&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A summary image discussing the increased frequency of floods in Monmouth since 2000 due to climate change, focusing on the River Wye levels and recent high-water events.\" class=\"wp-image-413865\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?w=932&amp;ssl=1 932w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?resize=300%2C38&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?resize=768%2C96&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?resize=640%2C80&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-330.png?resize=930%2C117&amp;ssl=1 930w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When challenged he referred me to Met Office reports, which stated the amount of rain falling on the wettest days (99th percentile) has increased by ~20 % across Wales since 1960. He also quoted attribution studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I responded by pointing out that the 1960 to 1990 period was a much drier interlude. When the HADUKP daily data, which goes back to 1931, and monthly data back to 1836 was analysed, those \u201cextremes\u201d disappeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grok responded:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"195\" data-attachment-id=\"413866\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413866\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?fit=914%2C247&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"914,247\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?fit=723%2C195&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?resize=723%2C195&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A chart displaying overall annual rainfall trends in SW England and South Wales, indicating no statistically significant long-term increase in rainfall from 1931 to 2020.\" class=\"wp-image-413866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?w=914&amp;ssl=1 914w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?resize=300%2C81&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?resize=768%2C208&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-331.png?resize=640%2C173&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"230\" data-attachment-id=\"413867\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413867\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?fit=937%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"937,298\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?fit=723%2C230&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?resize=723%2C230&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A screenshot displaying a conversation about climate change and rainfall patterns in Wales, including references to increased flooding and meteorological data.\" class=\"wp-image-413867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?w=937&amp;ssl=1 937w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?resize=300%2C95&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?resize=768%2C244&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-332.png?resize=640%2C204&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which, I suppose, all goes to show that you should not trust the Met Office without checking the data first!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And this is what that data shows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019ve already seen this graph for daily rainfall, which clearly shows no worsening trends:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"287\" data-attachment-id=\"413869\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413869\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?fit=837%2C332&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"837,332\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?fit=723%2C287&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?resize=723%2C287&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Line graph showing daily rainfall greater than 20mm in South West England and South Wales from 1931 to November 2025, with data points represented as blue diamonds.\" class=\"wp-image-413869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?w=837&amp;ssl=1 837w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?resize=300%2C119&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?resize=768%2C305&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-333.png?resize=640%2C254&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com\/2025\/11\/16\/storm-claudia\/\">https:\/\/notalotofpeopleknowthat.wordpress.com\/2025\/11\/16\/storm-claudia\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I have also extrapolated the highest daily values each year:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"426\" data-attachment-id=\"413871\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413871\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?fit=737%2C434&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"737,434\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?fit=723%2C426&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?resize=723%2C426&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Bar chart showing daily rainfall from 1931 to 2025 in SW England and South Wales, with the highest rainfall values each year represented.\" class=\"wp-image-413871\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?w=737&amp;ssl=1 737w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?resize=300%2C177&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-335.png?resize=640%2C377&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Met Office keeps monthly data back to 1936 for the whole of Wales.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"420\" data-attachment-id=\"413874\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=413874\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?fit=742%2C431&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"742,431\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?fit=723%2C420&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?resize=723%2C420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Graph showing monthly rainfall exceeding 270mm in Wales from 1836 to October 2025, with data points represented by blue diamonds.\" class=\"wp-image-413874\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?w=742&amp;ssl=1 742w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?resize=300%2C174&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-337.png?resize=640%2C372&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/research\/climate\/maps-and-data\/uk-and-regional-series\">https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/research\/climate\/maps-and-data\/uk-and-regional-series<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 2015 was the wettest month with a total of 334.1mm. However, November 1929 was effectively just as wet with 333.8mm. (It is also worth noting that December 1929 had 301.9mm, making it the 8th wettest on record. The period from October 1929 to January 1930 recorded 1068mm, an average of 267mm per month. It was by far the wettest four month period in Wales, wetter even than September to December 2000 and the wettest part of the autumn\/winter of 2015\/16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Met Office Monthly Weather Reports for 1929\/30 mention \u201cextensive and severe floods across South Wales, in addition to much of the country. Grok made no mention of floods in Monmouth at that time, even though they must have occurred there too. This serves as a reminder that many floods in the past have not been recorded for posterity on the internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I had a fruitful conversation with Grok, after he\/she\/it mentioned in passing that floods in Monmouth since 2000 had become more frequent because of climate change:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":413876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Discover how rainfall patterns in Wales have changed since 1931 and challenge the claims around increased flooding in recent decades.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Examining Rainfall Trends and Flood Frequencies in Wales","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":true,"token":"eyJpbWciOiJodHRwczpcL1wvY2xpbWF0ZS1zY2llbmNlLnByZXNzXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI1XC8xMVwvMEFRUHdEeHBFVjl5MmF5U215Y0NEdjlITGphbmVCUm5SeTF2M0lTMXhCcEVmRl93TXBXaTRVVmp5MjhJRXI1d0NQWGRmNGw5cEVVZG5ieU1wcEd0aDE0LVZNaW1xSEI0VE9WUkhSSnBITWo1VzZ1YUt6TzUyMmtIYmZfNWZ0QzhsLTEtMTAyNHg1MzguanBlZyIsInR4dCI6IklzIFJhaW5mYWxsIGluIFdhbGVzIE1vcmVcdTAwYTBFeHRyZW1lPyIsInRlbXBsYXRlIjoiaGlnaHdheSIsImZvbnQiOiIiLCJibG9nX2lkIjoxNTU4MTI0NDl9.CljIgQ3ka7pojWZ_wwfOf8R9bz347VNb5VaU9rn5DGMMQ"},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691839723,691839724,691818808,691825799],"class_list":{"0":"post-413861","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-extreme-rain","9":"tag-hadukp","10":"tag-met-office","11":"tag-wales","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/0AQPwDxpEV9y2aySmycCDv9HLjaneBRnRy1v3IS1xBpEfF_wMpWi4UVjy28IEr5wCPXdf4l9pEUdnbyMppGth14-VMimqHB4TOVRHRJpHMj5W6uaKzO522kHbf_5ftC8l-1.jpeg?fit=1661%2C873&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1JFb","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":293029,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=293029","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":0},"title":"Wales To Spend \u00a32.6 Billion Fighting Climate Change Next\u00a0Year","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/29\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"There are 1.3 million households in Wales, so over this two period climate spending by the Welsh Government will cost each and every one \u00a34000. And that is on top of all of the other costs imposed by the UK Government.","rel":"","context":"In \"\u00a32.6 Billion\"","block_context":{"text":"\u00a32.6 Billion","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=2-6-billion"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0original-31538-1449508032-3.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0original-31538-1449508032-3.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0original-31538-1449508032-3.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0original-31538-1449508032-3.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":361157,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=361157","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":1},"title":"England &amp; Wales Rainfall\u00a0Trends","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/09\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"It does not need me to tell you that it was quite wet last year. It was in fact ninth wettest in England & Wales since 1766, though nowhere near the two wettest years in 1872 and 1768.","rel":"","context":"In \"England\"","block_context":{"text":"England","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=england"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0_Seasonal-weather-London-UK-13-Jun-2019.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0_Seasonal-weather-London-UK-13-Jun-2019.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0_Seasonal-weather-London-UK-13-Jun-2019.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0_Seasonal-weather-London-UK-13-Jun-2019.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0_Seasonal-weather-London-UK-13-Jun-2019.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":369015,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=369015","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":2},"title":"Some Climate History, Including on Cyclones Making Landfall as Far South as Brisbane","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"When it comes to extreme weather, cyclones are top of my list.\u00a0\u00a0 The most extreme cyclone to hit Queensland, Tropical Cyclone Mahina, was arguably the world\u2019s most intense with a central pressure recorded at 880 hectopascals, a 12-metre storm surge, and 300 kilometre per hour winds.\u00a0 It was named, by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Cyclones\"","block_context":{"text":"Cyclones","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=cyclones"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0campingstove-IMG_9233-2048x1536-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0campingstove-IMG_9233-2048x1536-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0campingstove-IMG_9233-2048x1536-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0campingstove-IMG_9233-2048x1536-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0campingstove-IMG_9233-2048x1536-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":384423,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=384423","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":3},"title":"\u201cCurrent heatwave \u2018likely to kill almost 600 people in England and Wales\u201d- Latest Guardian Fake\u00a0News","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/23\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This shameful article surely marks a new low for the wretched Guardian, and its author, Damian Carrington:","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/OIG-29-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/OIG-29-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/OIG-29-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/OIG-29-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":209007,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=209007","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":4},"title":"Dear UK, from hot Australia, your NetZero policies will kill far more people than a 40C weekday","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/18\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Even the Australian ABC was telling Australians with a straight face that the extreme heat in the UK was so dangerously bad that healthy young people might die in the heat. For most Australians, it\u2019s not summer if it doesn\u2019t hit 40. And for people with a sauna, it\u2019s not\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/0uk-mortality-cold-heat.png?fit=900%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/0uk-mortality-cold-heat.png?fit=900%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/0uk-mortality-cold-heat.png?fit=900%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/0uk-mortality-cold-heat.png?fit=900%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":294220,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=294220","url_meta":{"origin":413861,"position":5},"title":"UK Rainfall In\u00a02023","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/08\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Last year was a wet one in England & Wales, the 7th wettest on record. (The UK series has a similar result).","rel":"","context":"In \"2023\"","block_context":{"text":"2023","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=2023"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0london-rain.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0london-rain.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0london-rain.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0london-rain.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0london-rain.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=413861"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":413877,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413861\/revisions\/413877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/413876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=413861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=413861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=413861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}