{"id":411800,"date":"2025-11-06T10:24:57","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T09:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=411800"},"modified":"2025-11-06T10:25:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T09:25:00","slug":"negligible-future-warming-from-co2-ch4-n2o-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=411800","title":{"rendered":"Negligible future warming from: CO2 \u2013 CH4 \u2013 N2O"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"411808\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=411808\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1280,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?fit=723%2C723&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=723%2C723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A serene landscape featuring a tranquil lake surrounded by lush greenery and mountains, with a glacier visible in the background and icebergs floating on the water.\" class=\"wp-image-411808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=1200%2C1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=800%2C800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=600%2C600&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=450%2C450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From The <a href=\"https:\/\/co2coalition.substack.com\/p\/negligible-future-warming-from-co2?r=1vpj6a&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;fbclid=IwY2xjawN5NxpleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETBSRGp5dWp3ZFI3a2gyazhoc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHgqBSQVrYZrsYlinmJLQ8TA4HJm9p3RqK_JX-XtvgKo_qZ3kAQyqHYwyYGQu_aem_T8r87jHpOD5NMIKdcAHq5A&amp;triedRedirect=true\">CO2 \u2013 Coalition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Ed Hoskins<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"483\" data-attachment-id=\"411802\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=411802\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?fit=1280%2C855&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1280,855\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?fit=723%2C483&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?resize=723%2C483&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A picturesque sunset over a serene lake, with vibrant orange and yellow hues reflecting on the water, surrounded by lush greenery and dark silhouettes of trees.\" class=\"wp-image-411802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?resize=1200%2C802&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-104.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"474\" data-attachment-id=\"411803\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=411803\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?fit=1456%2C954&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1456,954\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?fit=723%2C474&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?resize=723%2C474&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Graph illustrating the contributions to greenhouse effect from CO2 concentration, displaying temperature increments related to varying CO2 levels and the impact of water vapor and clouds.\" class=\"wp-image-411803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?resize=1024%2C671&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?resize=768%2C503&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?resize=1200%2C786&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-105.png?w=1456&amp;ssl=1 1456w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Summary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Introduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water is the most significant Greenhouse gas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The radiation physics of atmospheric CO2 by Professor William Happer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lowest levels of atmospheric Carbon Dioxide contribute most to its Greenhouse warming effect<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Alarmist reasoning for a major temperature increase from Man-made CO2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carbon Dioxide starvation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colder Oceans progressively re-absorb CO2 from the atmosphere<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The temperature contributions of the Methane CH4 and Nitrous Oxide N2O<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conclusions\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As far as Climate Alarm is concerned Never forget: Sun Tsu\u2019s first art of war<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The late Professor Sir David MacKay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Notes:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Professor Richard Lindzen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dr. William Happer a short note on Carbon Dioxide warming<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A long-term history of the atmospheric composition and global temperature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>References<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The current concentration of atmospheric CO2 at ~420 ppmv, (parts per million by volume), is very low in comparison with the atmospheric CO2 levels of past eons when plants evolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At those times with CO2 at ~5000 ppmv+ there was no runaway Global warming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The warming effectiveness of added CO2 in the atmosphere diminishes logarithmically with increasing concentration, as acknowledged in IPCC reports: IPCC AR5 WG1 (2014) \u2013 IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5 (2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At its current low concentration of CO2 at 420ppmv its Global warming effectiveness of is already ~72%+ saturated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The potential for increased Global warming from any added atmospheric CO2, whether natural, from it\u2019s out-gasing from marginally warmer Oceans or from Man-made additions, is already close to exhaustion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From its current concentration atmospheric with CO2 at ~420 ppmv even a doubling to 840 ppmv, (Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity, ECS), would cause little additional warming, amounting a ~1% effect of the ~33\u00b0C total Greenhouse effect or ~0.33\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attaining ECS at 840 ppmv will take ~150+ years at current growth rates of natural and Manmade CO2 emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All further added CO2 and any minor temperature increase, with likely milder nights, will be a huge benefit to the biosphere and to agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All attempts by Mankind to limit or even reabsorb further CO2 emissions or other Greenhouse gasses will have no further major controlling effect on Global temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any actions to reduce CO2 emissions can only be detrimental to the biosphere and economically damaging for any participant Nation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to improve their state of development developing Nations will continue to increase their CO2 emissions by using their indigenous Fossil fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As only a minority of Western Nations are attempting to avoid a supposed<strong>&nbsp;Global Overheating Catastrophe<\/strong>&nbsp;by reducing their emissions of Greenhouse Gasses, their policies can only be self-harming and pointless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Western developed World CO2 emissions amount to ~1\/3 of total Man-made CO2 emissions and overall Man-made CO2 emissions amount to ~3% of the total CO2 output of the whole CO2 cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by oceanic creatures is unstoppable in Glacial times, Man kind\u2019s release of CO2 into the atmosphere may even help to extend the viability of plant life in future millennia and thus the continued existence of all life on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>These facts, if anywhere close to reality, entirely negate any need to pursue Net Zero policies to limit or sequester Man-made CO2 emissions, (Carbon Capture and Storage CCS).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>However they do justify a radical reassessment of all alarmist concerns for a massive Man-made Global Warming Catastrophe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using an IPCC estimate, that the full warming influence of CO2 in the atmosphere is ~8.2% of the 33\u00b0C Greenhouse effect amounting to ~2.7\u00b0C, the diagram below shows the scale, proportionality and the global warming potential of all main Greenhouse gasses but emphasising the significance of atmospheric Water Vapour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"474\" data-attachment-id=\"411805\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=411805\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?fit=1456%2C954&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1456,954\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?fit=723%2C474&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?resize=723%2C474&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A graph illustrating the contributions to the greenhouse effect according to carbon dioxide concentration, showing levels from 0 to 2000 ppmv. The chart indicates the impact of water vapor and clouds on temperature and highlights current CO2 levels at 420 ppmv, with various temperature increments represented.\" class=\"wp-image-411805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?resize=1024%2C671&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?resize=768%2C503&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?resize=1200%2C786&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-106.png?w=1456&amp;ssl=1 1456w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read Ed Hoskins\u2019&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edmhdotme.wpcomstaging.com\/minimal-future-warming-from-co2-ch4-n2o\/\">complete commentary<\/a>, published<em>&nbsp;<\/em>on October 24, 2025&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/edmhdotme.wpcomstaging.com\/minimal-future-warming-from-co2-ch4-n2o\/\">here<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@ehoskins\">Ed\u2019s Substack&nbsp;<\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/@ehoskins\">here<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/co2coalition.org\/teammember\/edward-hoskins\/\">Ed Hoskins<\/a>&nbsp;is a member of the CO2 Coalition. Hoskins had an educational grounding in science subjects. He qualified both as a Dentist with distinction at Guys in London in 1962 and as an Architect in Cambridge in 1969 with a double first. In 1969 Ed founded Applied Research of Cambridge Ltd. (ARC). He headed it thereafter as Managing Director and later Chairman.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u2019s New!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CO2 Coalition filed this Comment to the EPA on November 3:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/co2coalition.org\/publications\/william-happer-epa-ghgrp-comment-nov-3-2025\/\">William Happer EPA GHGRP Comment Nov. 3, 2025 &#8211; CO2 Coalition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In case you missed it, Dr. William Happer and Dr. Richard Lindzen joined Joe Rogan on his podcast&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Zt32chvO_iY\">The Joe Rogan Experience<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The current concentration of atmospheric CO2 at ~420 ppmv, (parts per million by volume), is very low in comparison with the atmospheric CO2 levels of past eons when plants evolved.<\/p>\n<p>At those times with CO2 at ~5000 ppmv+ there was no runaway Global warming.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":411808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Explore the surprising truths about CO2's minimal impact on global warming and why reducing emissions may harm the biosphere.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Minimal Future Warming from CO2: Climate Insights Explained","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691821807,691829997,691839346,691818087,691839347],"class_list":{"0":"post-411800","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs","9":"tag-carbon-dioxide-co","10":"tag-ecs-equilibrium-climate-sensitivity","11":"tag-global-warming","12":"tag-greenhouse-gasses","14":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1J7W","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":309904,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=309904","url_meta":{"origin":411800,"position":0},"title":"Negligible future warming from: CO2 \u2013 CH4 \u2013 N2O","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"18\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"All attempts by Mankind to limit further CO2 emissions will have no further significant controlling effect on Global temperature. Further actions by the Western minority of Man-kind to protect against a supposed Global Overheating Catastrophe from CO2 emissions are pointless.","rel":"","context":"In \"Clouds\"","block_context":{"text":"Clouds","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=clouds"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Screenshot-2024-03-18-094124.png?fit=1192%2C869&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Screenshot-2024-03-18-094124.png?fit=1192%2C869&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Screenshot-2024-03-18-094124.png?fit=1192%2C869&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Screenshot-2024-03-18-094124.png?fit=1192%2C869&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Screenshot-2024-03-18-094124.png?fit=1192%2C869&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":374971,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=374971","url_meta":{"origin":411800,"position":1},"title":"Ocean CO2 Outgassing With Temperature","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/04\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Over at Dr. Jennifer Marohasy\u2019s always interesting blog, she makes an interesting\u00a0claim\u00a0about ocean outgassing of CO2.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0175377.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0175377.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0175377.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0175377.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0175377.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":179702,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=179702","url_meta":{"origin":411800,"position":2},"title":"Physicist Dr. Ed Berry rips UN IPCC\u2019s \u2018climate fiction\u2019 \u2013 Explains \u2018why the IPCC is wrong\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/12\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Reposted from Climate Depot By:\u00a0Admin\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Climate Depot\u00a0December 24, 2021 9:33 AM\u00a0 Special to Climate Depot Climate science prevails over politics This is my reply to an opinion letter by\u00a0Monica Tranel, Montana Democrat candidate for Congress, in Montana\u2019s Daily Inter Lake. 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I do love\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"0.0007\u00b0C\"","block_context":{"text":"0.0007\u00b0C","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=0-0007c"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cdbb2b18be80409d81f7b6c067225fef-1.jpg?fit=1194%2C669&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cdbb2b18be80409d81f7b6c067225fef-1.jpg?fit=1194%2C669&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cdbb2b18be80409d81f7b6c067225fef-1.jpg?fit=1194%2C669&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cdbb2b18be80409d81f7b6c067225fef-1.jpg?fit=1194%2C669&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cdbb2b18be80409d81f7b6c067225fef-1.jpg?fit=1194%2C669&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":373886,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=373886","url_meta":{"origin":411800,"position":4},"title":"Of Emissions and CO2","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/04\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The most excellent reef and ocean scientist Jennifer Marohasy put up a Facebook post recently on the lack of much effect on the atmosphere CO2\u00a0levels from the 2020 emissions drop due to COVID. She says this shows human CO2\u00a0emissions have very little effect on atmospheric CO2\u00a0levels. 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