{"id":401432,"date":"2025-09-11T10:38:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T08:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=401432"},"modified":"2025-09-11T10:38:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T08:38:57","slug":"africa-is-pioneering-nuclear-innovation-as-it-faces-a-dire-electricity-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=401432","title":{"rendered":"Africa is pioneering nuclear innovation as it faces a dire electricity crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"401435\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=401435\" 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data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?fit=723%2C723&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?resize=723%2C723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A modern small modular reactor (SMR) displayed in a laboratory setting, surrounded by control panels and equipment.\" class=\"wp-image-401435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/09\/09\/africa-is-pioneering-nuclear-innovation-as-it-faces-a-dire-electricity-crisis\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"401436\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=401436\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1280,1280\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" 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src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?resize=723%2C723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A truck transporting a large cylindrical container on a rural road during sunset.\" class=\"wp-image-401436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQNvEIwrjtEbbANK-rRpk7tFlAwTK4EMYnRFGlG3iiLyvBZGubfvjptYPkX-jVtd-oW2QNmBFSB9INa1lq9HuNdXklrw6jUTcI6aU84aFuOUmwFBmS4PsyfFF-ZB8OpPPcVyTAxBJdyZuVmw664lSXH_6Vvxg-1.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/africa-is-pioneering-nuclear-innovation-as-it-faces-a-dire-electricity-crisis\/\">From America Out Loud News<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/ronald-stein-p-e\/\">Ronald Stein P.E<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/dr-robert-jeffrey\/\">Dr. Robert Jeffrey<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/olivia-vaughan\/\">Olivia Vaughan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sub-Saharan Africa faces a dire electricity crisis.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/commentaries\/electricity-access-continues-to-improve-in-2024-after-first-global-setback-in-decades\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Over 600 million people<\/em><\/a>\u2014more than 40% of the continent\u2019s population\u2014lack access to electricity, a figure projected to rise to 657 million by 2030 without intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The global nuclear renaissance is well underway evidenced by companies like Oklo, which is now\u00a0included in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidermonkey.com\/blog\/12-best-russell-2000-stocks-to-buy-now-1593380\/?utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=msn-news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Russell 2000 stocks\u00a0<\/a>list. The outlook is based on Oklo\u2019s long-term vision, particularly with the Trump Administration\u2019s increased focus on AI Revolution data center development powered by nuclear-generated electricity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The World Bank removing its ban on nuclear power presents a vital opportunity for developing economies to position themselves as leaders rather than followers in advanced electricity technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Developing nations need not be mere consumers of advanced technology but can be innovators, exporters, and active participants in providing clean and reliable electricity to billions on the planet who do not yet have access to electricity or modern amenities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">South Africa was the first country in the world to start commercializing Small Modular Reactor Technology&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.world-nuclear-news.org\/articles\/south-africa-government-reiterates-commitment-to-new-nuclear-and-pbmr#:~:text=However%252C%2520in%25202010%2520the%2520government,nuclear%2520in%2520realising%2520those%2520ambitions.%2522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">with its Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) program<\/a>, which was suspended around 2010. Having decades of experience in nuclear technology development, South African scientists and engineers are sought after all over the world for their knowledge, practical approach to complex engineering projects, and meticulous attention to detail, i.e., the legacy of the PBMR program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the PBMR project was put on indefinite suspension in 2010, the expertise that remained in South Africa continued developing Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, the High Temperature Modular Reactor (HTMR), as a home-grown solution\u2014a testament to both the dedication of the technical teams and the commercial viability they saw in the technology. This grouping of pioneering technologists and business strategists in South Africa formed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/stratekglobal.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stratek Global<\/a>&nbsp;as an umbrella organization to bring advanced technologies and combined power mix solutions to market. Stratek Global has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/energy\/602381-south-african-small-nuclear-power-station-project-gets-land.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recently secured land<\/a>&nbsp;on which it plans to build a small modular reactor.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/recommends\/chemical-free-body-the-daily-v-stack-post-insert\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Game-Changing Technology for Developing Economies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SMRs represent a paradigm shift in nuclear electricity design. The South African HTMR is specifically engineered to address the unique challenges facing Africa and other developing regions, like vast land areas and a lack of water resources. As an example, the HTMR-100\u2019s turbine condenser design uses radiator cooling, and the reactor\u2019s primary circuit is helium cooled\u2014a crucial innovation for a continent where many regions lack access to large inland water bodies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The smaller size of SMRs\u2019 thermal and electrical capacity makes the technology an<a href=\"https:\/\/stratekglobal.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;ideal solution for decentralized power generation<\/a>, addressing one of Africa\u2019s most pressing infrastructure challenges. Instead of requiring thousands of kilometers of new transmission lines\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/mybroadband.co.za\/news\/energy\/583274-major-announcement-about-fixing-eskoms-14000km-headache.html#:~:text=In%2520July%25202023%252C%2520Energy%2520and,doing%2520independent%2520transmission%2520power%2520projects.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">like the 14,000 km needed to unlock South Africa\u2019s Northern Cape solar developments<\/a>\u2014SMRs can be positioned close to their consumers: mines, smelters, municipalities, and industrial facilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This proximity advantage extends beyond simple logistics. By placing generation near consumption, SMRs can free up existing grid capacity, alleviate congestion issues, and provide reliable baseload power. For developing economies struggling with electricity security, this represents a path to industrial growth without the massive upfront infrastructure investments typically required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fuel supply chain is the TRISO (Tri-structural ISOtropic) coated particles that are&nbsp;a type of nuclear fuel kernel encased in multiple layers of protective materials.&nbsp;These particles are designed to contain radioactive fission products even under extreme conditions, making them highly robust and suitable for advanced reactor designs.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/ne\/articles\/triso-particles-most-robust-nuclear-fuel-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The US Department of Energy<\/a>&nbsp;calls TRISO particles \u201cthe most robust fuel on earth.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TRISO fuel required to fuel advanced nuclear technologies has been completely designed and manufactured in South Africa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recent TRISO recycling development includes a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.srnl.gov\/srnl_news\/new-technology-solves-unique-spent-nuclear-fuel-storage-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL)<\/a>\u00a0project to demonstrate a full-scale TRISO recycling process by 2027.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, a validation study for Deep Isolation\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?sca_esv=263d6f8b3f719809&amp;cs=1&amp;sxsrf=AE3TifOWIanK-Rvyx-hrU0IEWAZfrcfodw:1756128042925&amp;q=Universal+Canister+System&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwja6pXhhqaPAxXEU0EAHVYDDBkQxccNegQIBBAB&amp;mstk=AUtExfBvv40uWjdU1ilyiLlwUC0Tr_xiAMsvudWJG732JfkW723mFFj6DWkGRXv4VKbhCSp8_gwO7h6wVDGAuvmmDL0ZOLyF7kmdLTeQyMK_r0krbwEFAtlmqkzIjhzbWY6JPP6ZBIRWWaLa5QjqB1N9NdM2EZfIOpZ_5tngQiPG1OsDjktIHCG96-kUmxnvvoCK0h6QT-mNV9hrJXeXaRWt0ixiWWVTjK6JuRnZwLlqmbhL7ialtp36fZSLH0Wc57sHnU6e0gE1vDasBOYDeHYm4yMJ&amp;csui=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Universal Canister System<\/a>&nbsp;(UCS) with Kairos Power\u2019s TRISO fuel was completed in May 2025, demonstrating the system\u2019s viability for storing, transporting, and disposing of TRISO fuel in deep boreholes and mined repositories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>South African National Nuclear Regulator<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">South Africa has one of the oldest nuclear regulators in the world. In 1948, the Atomic Energy Act established the Atomic Energy Board (AEB) with the immediate objective of regulating the uranium industry in South Africa. The AEB later became the Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC). South Africa became a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ola.iaea.org\/Applications\/FactSheets\/Country\/Detail?code=ZA#:~:text=South%2520Africa%252C%2520Republic%2520of%2520*%2520IAEA%2520Membership.%25206%2520June%25201957.%2520*%2520Pretoria.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">founding member state&nbsp;<\/a>of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For operating reactor power plants, the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/nnr.co.za\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Nuclear Regulator (NNR)<\/a>&nbsp;monitors the licensing conditions, operating technical specifications compliance, maintenance and testing regime compliance, and achievement of standards set.&nbsp;It also monitors the modifications and improvement programs to ensure continual improvements to international standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over the years, the South African NNR has shown itself to be a most effective organization and is well equipped to license large reactors, as well as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nuclear installations, as defined in the National Act, can only be sited, constructed, operated, and decommissioned under a Nuclear Installation License. Operations covered include nuclear medicine facilities in hospitals, and mining operations that deal with radioactive substances such as Uranium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, located 30 km north of Cape Town, South Africa, is the only commercial nuclear power plant in Africa. It features two pressurized water reactors (PWRs) designed by Framatome of France, with construction starting in 1976. Unit 1 was synchronized to the grid on April 4, 1984, and Unit 2 on July 25, 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Economic Transformation Potential<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The economic implications of domestic nuclear manufacturing extend far beyond energy security. Dr. Robert Jeffrey has assessed the economic potential of SMRs, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biznews.com\/news\/rational-perspective-sa-nuclear-coal-power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the report revealed \u201cphenomenal\u201d export opportunities<\/a>&nbsp;that will positively impact South Africa\u2019s balance of payments\u2014a benefit that would extend to any developing nation establishing nuclear manufacturing capabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nuclear construction projects in South Africa could contribute as much as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclearbusiness-platform.com\/media\/insights\/south-africa-nuclear-power-surge#:~:text=The%2520broader%2520economic%2520ramifications%2520of,to%2520nuclear%2520energy%2520sector%2520activities.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2% GDP growth over the next decade<\/a>, before the reactors even come online. Unlike solar farms, which offer limited local skills transfer, nuclear projects require extensive engineering fabrication, high-skilled manufacturing, and sophisticated operational expertise. This creates opportunities for reskilling and upskilling across multiple sectors, from welding and construction to advanced engineering and physics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SMRs enable multiple applications beyond electricity generation, including seawater desalination, nuclear isotope production for medical applications, and research and development activities. This multi-purpose capability means developing nations can maximize their return on nuclear investments while addressing multiple infrastructure needs simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cJobs need electricity. So do factories, hospitals, schools, and water systems. And as demand surges\u2014with AI and development alike\u2014we must help countries deliver reliable, affordable power. That\u2019s why we\u2019re embracing nuclear energy as part of the solution\u2014and reembracing it as part of the mix the World Bank Group can offer developing countries to achieve their ambitions. Importantly, nuclear delivers baseload power, which is essential to building modern economies,\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;said&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2025\/06\/26\/world-bank-group-iaea-formalize-partnership-to-collaborate-on-nuclear-energy-for-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World Bank Group President Ajay Banga.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For developing economies, this represents a chance to leapfrog into high-technology manufacturing while building domestic expertise that can serve both local needs and global markets. The indoor manufacturing environment for SMR components means these facilities can be established anywhere with appropriate infrastructure and supply chains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to note that the developed world continues to enjoy the circa 6,000+ products that oil and coal continue to contribute to their daily standard of living. Developing nations need to continue to benefit and optimize their oil and coal-based assets while building nuclear energy simultaneously to secure the future of generations to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Critical Moment for African Innovation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The choice facing Africa and other developing regions is clear: support indigenous innovation now!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For those with the vision to ensure Africa\u2019s energy independence while contributing to technologies that could power sustainable development across the Global South, SMRs are positioned as a golden opportunity to invest in the future of young and developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an era where electricity security and economic development are inextricably linked, backing small and micro nuclear technologies isn\u2019t just good business; it\u2019s an investment in a more equitable and sustainable global electricity future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Image: Stratek-Global-SMR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wattsupwiththat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-20.png?resize=144%2C115&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ronald Stein\" class=\"wp-image-10216401\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/ronald-stein-p-e\/\">Ronald Stein P.E.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ambassador for Energy &amp; Infrastructure, Co-author of the Pulitzer Prize nominated book \u201cClean Energy Exploitations\u201d, policy advisor on energy literacy for The Heartland Institute, and The Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, and National TV Commentator- Energy &amp; Infrastructure with Rick Amato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ronald Stein, P.E. is an engineer, energy consultant, speaker, author of books and articles on energy, environmental policy, and human rights, and Founder of PTS Advance, a California based company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ron advocates that energy literacy starts with the knowledge that renewable energy is only intermittent electricity generated from unreliable breezes and sunshine, as wind turbines and solar panels cannot manufacture anything for the 8 billion on this planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wattsupwiththat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Robert-Jeffrey.png?resize=159%2C182&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"A smiling middle-aged man with gray hair, wearing a blue shirt, seated in an office environment with a window in the background.\" class=\"wp-image-10329095\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/dr-robert-jeffrey\/\">Dr. Robert Jeffrey<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Robert Jeffrey is an economist, business manager and energy expert. He has Masters degrees in economics and holds a PhD in Engineering Management. He was on the economic round table advising the South African Reserve Bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wattsupwiththat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Olivia-Vaughan.png?resize=200%2C220&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Professional headshot of a woman with long blonde hair, wearing a red top, smiling against a blue background.\" class=\"wp-image-10329096\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americaoutloud.news\/author\/olivia-vaughan\/\">Olivia Vaughan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Olivia Vaughan holds a Bachelor of Commerce in Law and a MBA and operates across key sectors in the circular economy with focus on sustainable systems and the built environment. She lives in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>You are welcome to comment on this article, but WUWT is still in the middle of an upgrade. When that completes in a few days the comments will be lost. This post may or may not survive<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/08\/23\/wuwt-upgrade-coming-some-downtime-required\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this post<\/a>&nbsp;for more information.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sub-Saharan Africa faces a dire electricity crisis.\u00a0Over 600 million people\u2014more than 40% of the continent\u2019s population\u2014lack access to electricity, a figure projected to rise to 657 million by 2030 without intervention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":401435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Explore how Small Modular Reactors can transform electricity access in Africa, boosting innovation and sustainability for developing economies.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Africa's Nuclear Innovation: Powering a Clean Energy Future","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691820276,691836848,691827980,691837896,691826663,691831054,691837897,691831504],"class_list":{"0":"post-401432","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-africa","9":"tag-ai-revolution","10":"tag-electricity-crisis","11":"tag-high-temperature-modular-reactor-htmr","12":"tag-small-modular-reactor-smr-2","13":"tag-the-world-bank","14":"tag-triso-tri-structural-isotropic","15":"tag-trump-administration","17":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/0AQODIXy39mAYN9fduHnW44fd8gFlTWd9RErsFW9MI3LwRN72IOlPNGUIqcJ0KOcNUC1HY7iHhpfR6ZvKDnKavNw-yprCX22WEHCzDCx8hmUysGfhGeLcFdsxiffpnKsQvDUJTPhiQh6LGQ8U_X82J1euAw-1.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1GqI","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":390867,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390867","url_meta":{"origin":401432,"position":0},"title":"Small modular reactors are a game-changer for Africa and the world","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"For South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, where electricity deficits stifle growth, small modular reactors (SMRs) offer a promising solution.","rel":"","context":"In \"Electricity Crisis\"","block_context":{"text":"Electricity Crisis","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=electricity-crisis"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0brewbart_a_small_modular_nuclear_reactor_photorealistic_4k_d90a9ee9-cf1b-4130-b190-e6f200a50699.png?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0brewbart_a_small_modular_nuclear_reactor_photorealistic_4k_d90a9ee9-cf1b-4130-b190-e6f200a50699.png?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0brewbart_a_small_modular_nuclear_reactor_photorealistic_4k_d90a9ee9-cf1b-4130-b190-e6f200a50699.png?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0brewbart_a_small_modular_nuclear_reactor_photorealistic_4k_d90a9ee9-cf1b-4130-b190-e6f200a50699.png?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0brewbart_a_small_modular_nuclear_reactor_photorealistic_4k_d90a9ee9-cf1b-4130-b190-e6f200a50699.png?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":259955,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=259955","url_meta":{"origin":401432,"position":1},"title":"The South African Energy Crisis: A Battle between Power Needs and Environmentalists","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"In the face of a dire energy crisis, the South African government is waging a war on two fronts. On one side, the demand for reliable energy supplies is pressing, and on the other, the fervent resistance of environmentalists is proving to be a formidable hurdle to their proposed solutions.","rel":"","context":"In \"Blackouts\"","block_context":{"text":"Blackouts","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=blackouts"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0blackouts-in-South-Africa.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0blackouts-in-South-Africa.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0blackouts-in-South-Africa.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0blackouts-in-South-Africa.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0blackouts-in-South-Africa.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":409123,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=409123","url_meta":{"origin":401432,"position":2},"title":"Connecting nuclear reactors across Africa","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/10\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"During the first two decades of the 21st Century many countries of the world adopted policies of introducing large numbers of solar and wind electricity generating systems. These moves were largely politically induced, as a result of pressure from green activists. These activists believe in a looming world catastrophe induced\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Africa\"","block_context":{"text":"Africa","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=africa"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0AQPABgVu-s8Cl0arj1bzJng6nGICPRdY2TDmCdB_8r5qC9iyWpQOTO46IljFHo6zzFpfeMpFJt5tEqbUkRIxeLQqYwa_aDRnxSaL4HD2L4QLJ5dS7WhIy2ceZOPd2t39-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C670&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0AQPABgVu-s8Cl0arj1bzJng6nGICPRdY2TDmCdB_8r5qC9iyWpQOTO46IljFHo6zzFpfeMpFJt5tEqbUkRIxeLQqYwa_aDRnxSaL4HD2L4QLJ5dS7WhIy2ceZOPd2t39-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C670&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0AQPABgVu-s8Cl0arj1bzJng6nGICPRdY2TDmCdB_8r5qC9iyWpQOTO46IljFHo6zzFpfeMpFJt5tEqbUkRIxeLQqYwa_aDRnxSaL4HD2L4QLJ5dS7WhIy2ceZOPd2t39-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C670&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0AQPABgVu-s8Cl0arj1bzJng6nGICPRdY2TDmCdB_8r5qC9iyWpQOTO46IljFHo6zzFpfeMpFJt5tEqbUkRIxeLQqYwa_aDRnxSaL4HD2L4QLJ5dS7WhIy2ceZOPd2t39-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C670&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/0AQPABgVu-s8Cl0arj1bzJng6nGICPRdY2TDmCdB_8r5qC9iyWpQOTO46IljFHo6zzFpfeMpFJt5tEqbUkRIxeLQqYwa_aDRnxSaL4HD2L4QLJ5dS7WhIy2ceZOPd2t39-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C670&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":417236,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=417236","url_meta":{"origin":401432,"position":3},"title":"Why are developing economies pursuing small modular reactors?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/12\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The global electricity debate has reached a critical impasse. 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