{"id":394481,"date":"2025-08-11T18:40:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T16:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=394481"},"modified":"2025-08-11T18:41:03","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T16:41:03","slug":"the-trouble-with-offshore-wind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=394481","title":{"rendered":"The Trouble With Offshore\u00a0Wind"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Scepticism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Jit<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

No swings, only whirligigs<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Offshore wind harvesters are supposed to be one of the answers to the \u201cclimate crisis.\u201d It seems unlikely to me. We know and have discussed one of the major weaknesses of this generation mechanism, its unpredictability<\/a>. In a rational world, that alone would discount it as the go-to for any modern civilisation. Its characteristics are such that the mugs installing it aren\u2019t the ones making it; nor will they\/can they ever be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the offshore wind harvesters have anything going for them, it is that they emit (almost) no carbon dioxide in the operational phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If anyone can think of another advantage of offshore wind, do enlighten me. (I may have a few to share below.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To place on the other side of the scale, we have quite a list of potential negative impacts. Not all of these are environmental, and many of them are of minor importance. Nevertheless, I thought it might be worthwhile to sketch out some of the potential impacts of a \u201ctypical\u201d North Sea wind harvester deployment. The headings are in part garnered from the environment statement for the Norfolk Boreas wind development. They apply just as well up and down the North Sea, differing only in the specifics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> Effects on wave and tidal velocity. The main potential effect is on sediment transport south to north, affecting, ultimately, rates of coastal erosion. In principle, the effect of obstacles in the water column is to slow the passing water, and therefore reduce sediment transport. Probably a minor effect in general, in particular as the turbines are now so large that they are hundreds of metres apart, preventing this effect at one interacting with the same effect at its neighbours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> Disturbed sediment in the construction phase, in assembling the uprights or burying the cables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    A. This may include toxins which are re-entrained and could end up anywhere. (E.g., arsenic.) Likely to be a minor issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B. The disturbed sediment may have an impact on benthic communities. In soft substrates these will be wormy things (polychaetes, among which the most familiar may be rag- and lug- worms). For Boreas, and other developments, there is the risk of interacting with an \u201cimportant\u201d worm called Sabellaria spinulosa<\/em>, which uses sediment grains to produce a tube for shelter (you may be familiar with the calcareous tubes of a similar species, the keelworm, which often decorates washed-up mussel shells, etc.). The point for Sabellaria <\/em>is that it has no means to move once settled, and is therefore vulnerable to being buried. Another minor issue, especially if care is taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.<\/strong> EMF. Naturally, all the lovely juice has to be squirted ashore, and that means electromagnetic fields. Burying the cables takes care of some of the problem before it starts. For Boreas there will be two HVDC cables 120 m apart, and there will be another two 120 m apart 250 m away for the \u201csister project\u201d Vanguard. Because EMF falls off with the square of the distance, Boreas is pleased to note that its effect will be highly localised. Of course, it will be highly localised in long parallel lines 120 \u2013 250 m apart. Boreas also says that \u201cno direct evidence of impacts to invertebrates from undersea cable EMFs exists.\u201d This was presumably written before there was such evidence, which there is now, although it is not very well defined. Boreas predicts a negligible impact here \u2013 but I\u2019m not so sure. Here\u2019s what Heriot-Watt<\/a> said four years back:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n

      \u201cBrown crabs can\u2019t resist the electromagnetic pull of underwater power cables and it\u2019s changing their behaviour, marine scientists say.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      We also have the problem of EMF affecting skates and rays, which use magnetic fields to navigate, hunt, detect congeners, etc. There is some evidence of these fish not doing well in proximity to undersea power cables. Could the parallel cables form a barrier to dispersal? Boreas doesn\u2019t think so. Then, they aren\u2019t quite sure what an elasmobranch is. I spotted three different spellings of this in the space of two paragraphs of the ES [392, 393 of Chapter 11 (revised) if you\u2019d like to check.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4.<\/strong> Getting in the way of fishing. For Boreas, plaice and sole fishers will be excluded from 700-odd square kilometres. They\u2019ll be able to make up the difference outside the exclusion zone. [Plaice was known to be overfished well over a century ago. Is there a hidden silver lining in this cloud?]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5.<\/strong> The effect of piling noise on marine mammals. The risk of permanent auditory injury, or in other words, striking the victim deaf, dumb, and (in effect) blind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      There is \u201cembedded mitigation\u201d against this trouble in Boreas\u2019s case \u2013 the choice of installing fewer, but larger, turbines to the same overall capacity. Sure, this means there will be fewer piles driven in. But the cynic in me says this choice had little to do with the banging headaches that our cetacean friends are likely to end up with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The next \u201cembedded mitigation\u201d is \u201csoft-starts\u201d to the banging, thereby, it is hoped, scaring the harbour porpoises (the most abundant cetacean in the neighbourhood) out of damaging range. See also Mark\u2019s piece on whales<\/a>, and comments below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6.<\/strong> Birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A. Displacement. Some birds just will not enter the footprint of a wind harvesting facility (e.g., red-throated divers). They are therefore displaced from foraging areas. Other birds go straight through, if they survive the trip. The displacement has an energetic cost, and can cause birds to starve (see also C. below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B. Collision risk. This is what applies to the less timid birds, for example the little gull that I have a very soft spot for, the kittiwake. Boreas says its \u201cworst case\u201d on kittiwake swats is 200 being downed a year, with confidence limits. I have no faith in such numbers, or of the modelling exercises that produce them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      And it\u2019s not just the regular users of the airspace that are at risk: there are also the birds on migration. Swans, geese, things like that, things that aren\u2019t very manoeuvrable and have the unfortunate idea that it\u2019s good fun to fly at night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      For Boreas, the \u201cembedded mitigation\u201d includes fewer, larger turbines! Why not have one, the size of the moon?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C. Barrier effects. Birds like the red-throated diver now have to make a laborious circuit around an enormous footprint in order to make any progress towards wherever they were trying to get to. There is a large energetic cost to these diversions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      7.<\/strong> Shipping and navigation. The deployment of all this paraphernalia leads to an increased risk of allision, and in order to avoid such, requires a degree of circumnavigation of the hazard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      8.<\/strong> Aviation and radar. The turbines, with a tip that reaches 350 m, are a hazard for all the jellycopters whizzing to and fro, bringing people to the wind-collecting arrays and taking them home again. [Boreas intends to make 2 helicopter transits daily, as well as ship movements.] The whirling blades create radar clutter, which may confuse fliers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      9.<\/strong> Any effect on local climate? I don\u2019t see this mentioned in Boreas\u2019s ES, but we know that extracting energy from the wind partly stills it. On the face of it, this is likely to result in a minor warming effect on the surface of the sea \u2013 but who knows? [I haven\u2019t tried to look it up.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      So there we have it \u2013 a list of possible drawbacks of installing giant whirly things in the North Sea. Note that this is entirely separate to their usefulness as generators. Nor does it say anything about the cost of such electricity as is delivered. Absent subsidies, it is doubtful whether the likes of Boreas would be viable. In other words, no-one would build such a development and then try to sell electricity into an open market. No mention has been made of the materials required to build these rotating colossi, the concrete in their foundations, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      There is also the non-trivial issue of cumulative impacts. Each one of these deployments has an impact on its own; together, all of them have an additive effect. Of course, when it comes to displacement, whether of sensitive birds, or fishing boats, the effect can be more than additive. When it comes to the hearty kittiwake flying through the whizzing blades, maybe it is less than additive: you can only die once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Here <\/a>you can find the document library for Boreas\u2019s planning application. There are two thousand documents in all; the document library (pdf) is over a hundred pages long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \/message ends.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Offshore wind harvesters are supposed to be one of the answers to the \u201cclimate crisis.\u201d It seems unlikely to me. We know and have discussed one of the major weaknesses of this generation mechanism, its\u00a0unpredictability. In a rational world, that alone would discount it as the go-to for any modern civilisation. Its characteristics are such that the mugs installing it aren\u2019t the ones making it; nor will they\/can they ever be.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":394487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"Explore the potential drawbacks and environmental impacts of offshore wind turbines in the North Sea, questioning their efficiency in addressing climate change.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"The Hidden Costs of Offshore Wind: Environmental Impact Analysis","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691837194,691820715,691831246,691821672,691837190,691818301,691837193,691837191,691837192],"class_list":["post-394481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-aviation-and-radar","tag-birds","tag-earths-magnetic-field-emf","tag-noise","tag-north-sea-wind-harvester","tag-offshore-wind","tag-shipping-and-navigation","tag-toxins","tag-underwater-power-cables","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/AQMqMmQokZhSf57SBrGq5qSj2FQwPYb2-n_Ng4m6m67EzBc7AXMfJGrcc4s2UNxzgaOT4IuGptXkJts-82fhSxEL_iJvzs_0V-VRho-zcQ5OAucO6ES3HVVgAM9QTKg3CwpmPaq2KHkhYtfGenKKTbW7dfMvcg.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1ECB","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":365182,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=365182","url_meta":{"origin":394481,"position":0},"title":"Whales and Offshore Wind: Trump Time (Wojick has built a case)","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/06\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The all-of-government approach to climate by Podesta-Biden-Harris covers the science agencies too. Climate hype, all the time, as well as nonstop cheerleading toward politically correct, economically incorrect government-enabled energies. It is now time for reversal, including with environmental issues concerning dilute, intermittent, fragile, and invasive wind and solar.","rel":"","context":"In \"climate hype\"","block_context":{"text":"climate hype","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-hype"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0whale-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0whale-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0whale-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0whale-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":337475,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=337475","url_meta":{"origin":394481,"position":1},"title":"The Offshore Wind Energy Scandal Is Even Worse Than You Think","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/25\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"These 11 charts show how America\u2019s biggest NGOs are colluding with foreign corporations that want to industrialize our oceans with thousands of turbines that will hurt whales and ratepayers. 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