{"id":392991,"date":"2025-08-05T10:56:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T08:56:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=392991"},"modified":"2025-08-05T10:56:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T08:56:15","slug":"climate-oscillations-11-oceanic-nino-index-oni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=392991","title":{"rendered":"Climate Oscillations 11: Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Map<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Andy May<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index or\u00a0ONI<\/a>\u00a0is NOAA\u2019s primarily indicator for monitoring the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the critical Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region. It is a 3-month running mean of ERSST.v5 SST anomalies in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region, defined as 5\u00b0N-5\u00b0S and 120\u00b0W-170\u00b0W. Figure 1 shows the ONI as computed from the NOAA ERSST dataset. ERSST is a two-degree gridded dataset, so the region averaged for figure 1 is 6\u00b0N-6\u00b0S and 120\u00b0W-170\u00b0W.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Graph
Figure 1. A plot of the ONI from 1850 \u2013 2023. The ONI 3-month smoothed anomaly must be above +0.5 for 5 months for an El Ni\u00f1o and below -0.5 for 5 months to be a La Ni\u00f1a. In between the ENSO state is neutral, as it is today.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Per convention a three-month moving average has been applied to the raw ONI data in figure 1. Sometimes you will see the ONI detrended, but the curve in figure 1 is not detrended and has an upward slope of one-half degree per century. The 3-month moving average has to exceed 0.5\u00b0C for five consecutive months to define an El Ni\u00f1o, so the chart is colored red above 0.5\u00b0C. The same is true for La Ni\u00f1a, but in reverse. The white area between -0.5 and +0.5 is ENSO neutral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The current ENSO state<\/a>, as of July 2025, is ENSO neutral, with an average ONI of about zero. NOAA prefers to use a base period for their ONI anomalies of 1991-2020, but we use 1961-1990 to be consistent with the other posts in this series and with HadCRUT5. There is a visual trend over the past 175 years, Ni\u00f1os are more common now and stronger than in previous years. Climate models have a very hard time duplicating ENSO over both short and long periods of time (IPCC, 2021, p. 115). The Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region is shown in figure 2 in red.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Map
Figure 2. The Ni\u00f1o regions, the ONI uses the average sea surface temperature from the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region in red. Source:\u00a0NOAA<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Strong Ni\u00f1os expel a lot of ocean heat into the atmosphere, and this warms Earth\u2019s surface for a few years, but in the longer term, Ni\u00f1os signal future cooling, just as in the longer term, frequent Ni\u00f1as signal warming or a stable global temperature. However, this is qualitative, the correlation between ENSO or ONI and HadCRUT5 is poor, as shown in figure 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Line
Figure 3. Plot of ONI and HadCRUT5 yearly averages as anomalies from 1961-1990. Neither series are detrended. The correlation is poor, both visually and statistically, the R2<\/sup>\u00a0is 0.21.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

As figure 3 shows, the correlation between ONI and HadCRUT5 is especially poor since 1990. Since then, they trend in different directions, the ONI trends down at 0.4\u00b0C per century and HadCRUT5 trends upward at 2.3\u00b0C per century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On climate.gov<\/a>, NOAA\u2019s Michelle L\u2019Heureux writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cENSO is one of the most important climate phenomena on Earth due to its ability to change the global atmospheric circulation, which in turn, influences temperature and precipitation across the globe.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Indeed, this is what nearly everyone believes. The current phase of ENSO does have a planetwide influence on weather, thus it is odd that the current measure of climate change, global mean surface temperature or GMST from HadCRUT5, does not trend with ENSO or even in the same direction over the past 35 years. This 35-year climatic period is when we have the best SST data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The term El Ni\u00f1o has evolved in its meaning considerably over the years (Trenberth, 1997). It originally named a weak warm coastal current that runs southward along the coast of Ecuador around Christmas. However, it is now used to describe extreme warming events along the tropical western South American coast every ~2.5 to ~6 years (Rasmusson & Carpenter, 1982) and (Ghil, et al., 2002) that are associated with changes in Pacific equatorial currents and atmospheric circulation. Rasmussen & Carpenter give a detailed chronology of the study of the El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon in their 1982 paper, and they discuss the early work on this complex and important oscillation from before 1920, even then it was recognized as an oscillation with a global reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first effort to standardize the definitions of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a episodes was by Kevin Trenberth (Trenberth, 1997). He defined an El Ni\u00f1o event as when a 5-month running mean of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region (5\u00b0N-5\u00b0S, 120\u00b0-170\u00b0W) exceeded 0.4\u00b0C for 6 months or more. Since his original paper was published this definition has been modified as given above, such that the six months was reduced to five, the 0.4\u00b0C raised to 0.5\u00b0C, and the 3-month running mean rather than Trenberth\u2019s 5-month running mean was used. The same definition applies to Ni\u00f1as, but for a decrease in Ni\u00f1o 3.4 SST of 0.5\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardless of the definition used, the ENSO phase changes involve huge changes in the ocean and air circulation over the entire equatorial Pacific, and they affect the entire world. I found the NOAA illustration shown in figure 4 to be very helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Diagram
Figure 4. The NOAA Neutral, Ni\u00f1a and Ni\u00f1o phases and the equatorial Pacific. The Ni\u00f1o 3.4 location is roughly marked. After\u00a0NOAA<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region is roughly located on the figure, also see figure 2. The Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region is warm during Ni\u00f1os, cool during Ni\u00f1as, and in between during neutral periods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The global mean surface temperature, the global mean ocean surface temperature and the AMO, in the 20th<\/sup> century, follow a 64-year period<\/a> (Wyatt, et al., 2012a). ENSO and the ONI do not follow this pattern, the only statistically significant oscillation periods in the various measures of ENSO are from an analysis of SOI<\/a>, Southern Oscillation Index, which is very similar to the ONI. The periods that are significant at the 99% level are 5.5 years and 2.4 years (Ghil, et al., 2002). Ghil\u2019s analysis is illustrated in figure 5.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Graph
Figure 5. Frequency analysis of the SOI ENSO index. The ~5.5-year (0.015 cycles\/month) and ~2.5-year (0.034 cycles\/month) periods are significant at the 99% level. The 60-70 year periods are not significant relative to\u00a0red noise<\/a>. After: (Ghil, et al., 2002).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

ENSO has a worldwide impact but does not appear to contain the global 64-year oscillation described by Marcia Wyatt or the ~60-year oscillation described by Nicola Scafetta and many other writers and researchers. In fact, the only oscillations in this series that contain a significant 60-70-year period component are the global mean surface temperature, the global mean sea surface temperature and the AMO (see here<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the next post we will look at the global ocean temperature and reflect back on the oscillations discussed in this series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download the bibliography <\/em>here<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Previous posts in this series:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Musings on the AMO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bray Cycle and AMO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 1: The Regression<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 2: The Western Hemisphere Warm Pool (WHWP)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 3: Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Area<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 4: The Length of Day (LOD)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 5: SAM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 6: Atlantic Meridional Model<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 7: The Pacific mean SST<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 8: The NPI and PDO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 9: Arctic & North Atlantic Oscillations<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Climate Oscillations 10: Aleutian Low \u2013 Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index or\u00a0ONI\u00a0is NOAA\u2019s primarily indicator for monitoring the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the critical Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region. It is a 3-month running mean of ERSST.v5 SST anomalies in the Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region, defined as 5\u00b0N-5\u00b0S and 120\u00b0W-170\u00b0W. Figure 1 shows the ONI as computed from the NOAA ERSST dataset. ERSST is a two-degree gridded dataset, so the region averaged for figure 1 is 6\u00b0N-6\u00b0S and 120\u00b0W-170\u00b0W.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":393006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Explore the Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI) and its role in monitoring global climate trends, ENSO phases, and sea surface temperature anomalies.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"Understanding the Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index: Trends and Impacts","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691835905,691819287,691837015,691822276],"class_list":{"0":"post-392991","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-climate-oscillations","9":"tag-el-nino-2","10":"tag-oceanic-nino-index-or-oni","11":"tag-sea-surface-temperature-sst","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQM1yAaYgc1bunnkL8sOya59GvZHjD_7bkZrzDUL-2lGvUsGLIqQqF5EzSbr9km0FznsGchR2yu1uYa27QNY9M5TCyvKhSKOrqmybFoQYq7emW8CIFtdzadrzmD3h9CLnJ9z-eskLA-ycD0KPsxFPlqIEgUS-1.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1Eez","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":301633,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=301633","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":0},"title":"Strong El Nino Conditions Prevails at The End of January 2024","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The classification of El Ni\u00f1o events, including the strength labels, is somewhat subjective and can vary among meteorological and climate agencies. There isn\u2019t a strict rule defining the specific number of consecutive Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI) values that must be 2.0\u00b0C or above to categorize an El Ni\u00f1o event as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"climate model\"","block_context":{"text":"climate model","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-model"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00el_nino_globe.v2.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00el_nino_globe.v2.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00el_nino_globe.v2.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00el_nino_globe.v2.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/00el_nino_globe.v2.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":339497,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=339497","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":1},"title":"NOAA Criteria Suggest Full-Fledged La Ni\u00f1a Unlikely in 2024 \u2013 Even A Single La Ni\u00f1a Threshold Unlikely During the Indian Southwest Monsoon","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/08\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Concluding from the above analysis, Enso Neutral conditions will prevail for JJA2024 and at the end of August, since only four months will be left in the current year 2024 full-fledged La Nina cannot be established, even if La Nina thresh hold is achieved in any of the four months\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Prediction Center (CPC)\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Prediction Center (CPC)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-prediction-center-cpc"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0-La-Nina.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0-La-Nina.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0-La-Nina.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0-La-Nina.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0-La-Nina.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":186854,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=186854","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":2},"title":"La Nina Conditions Continue Across the Equatorial Pacific","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/02\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Sea surface temperatures continue to run at colder-than-normal levels (shown in blue) in the equatorial part of the Pacific Ocean and La Nina is likely to last into at least the beginning part of the upcoming summer season. Map courtesy NOAA, tropicaltidbits.com Paul Dorian Sea surface temperatures continue to run\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":367125,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=367125","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":3},"title":"Solar Activity Linked to Ocean\u00a0Cycles","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/02\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The surface-subsurface layers of the ocean that interact with the lower atmosphere alternately release and absorb heat energy.","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation-amo"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0bright-sun-shining-over-the-splendid-coastline-49903-2560x1600-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0bright-sun-shining-over-the-splendid-coastline-49903-2560x1600-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0bright-sun-shining-over-the-splendid-coastline-49903-2560x1600-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0bright-sun-shining-over-the-splendid-coastline-49903-2560x1600-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0bright-sun-shining-over-the-splendid-coastline-49903-2560x1600-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":375745,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=375745","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":4},"title":"The Weather and Climate of World War II","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/04\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"On land with fixed measurement weather stations anomalies make more sense, the elevation of each weather station is different, and the individual weather station will often have been in the same location through the entire period from 1961-1990 and often with the same or similar equipment. Thus, making an anomaly\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"el Ni\u00f1o\"","block_context":{"text":"el Ni\u00f1o","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=el-nino-2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climate_and_weather_pillars.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climate_and_weather_pillars.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climate_and_weather_pillars.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climate_and_weather_pillars.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0climate_and_weather_pillars.jpg?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":232308,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=232308","url_meta":{"origin":392991,"position":5},"title":"How The El Nino Is Changing","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/12\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Let me start with a quick run through how mainstream climate scientists think the climate works, and then my hypothesis on how the climate works.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-60.png?fit=1166%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-60.png?fit=1166%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-60.png?fit=1166%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-60.png?fit=1166%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-60.png?fit=1166%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=392991"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":393009,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392991\/revisions\/393009"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/393006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=392991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=392991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=392991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}