{"id":391196,"date":"2025-07-28T09:30:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T07:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=391196"},"modified":"2025-07-28T09:31:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T07:31:12","slug":"equatorial-plasma-bubbles-are-coming-for-your-gps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=391196","title":{"rendered":"Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Are Coming For Your GPS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"464\" data-attachment-id=\"391202\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=391202\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?fit=1174%2C753&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1174,753\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0,Screenshot 2025-07-28 092939\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?fit=723%2C464&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?resize=723%2C464&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Illustration of Earth's ionosphere, showing equatorial plasma bubbles affecting GPS signals, with an inset of electron density variations.\" class=\"wp-image-391202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?resize=1024%2C657&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?resize=300%2C192&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?resize=768%2C493&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?w=1174&amp;ssl=1 1174w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/07\/26\/equatorial-plasma-bubbles-are-coming-for-your-gps\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Via&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/spaceweather.com\/archive.php?view=1&amp;day=25&amp;month=07&amp;year=2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SpaceWeather.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Earth\u2019s ionosphere is a bit like Swiss cheese. It contains holes called \u201cequatorial plasma bubbles.\u201d If any of these bubbles drift across your sky\u2013grip the steering wheel\u2013your GPS might go haywire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s exactly what happened during a geomagnetic storm in March 2023.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2024SW004213?campaign=woletoc\">A new study<\/a>&nbsp;published in the research journal&nbsp;<em>Space Weather<\/em>&nbsp;recounts how&nbsp; GPS radio signals began to rapidly flicker, akin to the twinkling of a star, causing positioning errors across a wide swath of the Americas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPS satellites transmitting through a bubbly ionosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UDAjxgD_lZg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis is the most intense event we have analyzed,\u201d says Fabiano Rodrigues, a physics professor at the University of Texas at Dallas and one of the paper\u2019s lead authors. \u201cIt produced extremely intense disruptions at low latitudes for more than 10 hours and was even detectable by our mid-latitude sensor in Dallas (UTD in the diagram below), which is unusual.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Completely surrounding Earth, the ionosphere is a shell of ionized gas created by the sun. Solar ultraviolet radiation ionizes air near the edge of space, creating a dynamic layer of plasma that varies with solar activity, time of day, and latitude. The ionosphere plays a critical role in GPS systems by reflecting or distorting radio waves passing through it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the sun sets, the ionosphere becomes unstable. This happens because the sun\u2019s ionizing radiation suddenly disappears. A&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rayleigh%E2%80%93Taylor_instability\">Rayleigh-Taylor instability<\/a>&nbsp;takes hold, and bubbles of low-density plasma begin to rise,&nbsp;much like blobs in a lava lamp.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spaceweather.com\/images2025\/24jul25\/lavalamp_med_opt.gif?resize=180%2C180&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Animation of red blobs moving in a lava lamp, demonstrating the rising and falling motion of fluid.\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These structures are especially common near the magnetic equator, where electric and magnetic fields enhance the effect. That\u2019s why they\u2019re called&nbsp;<em>equatorial<\/em>&nbsp;plasma bubbles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The March 23-24, 2023, event was remarkable because the bubbles were so widespread. They are normally confined within +\/- 20 degrees of the magnetic equator, but during this storm, they spread at least twice as far, affecting population centers at middle latitudes. Peak position errors were wider than urban roadways.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"224\" data-attachment-id=\"391200\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=391200\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-725.png?fit=520%2C224&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"520,224\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-725.png?fit=520%2C224&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-725.png?resize=520%2C224&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"ROTI observations of equatorial plasma bubbles impacting GPS signals on March 24, 2023, showing three time snapshots with varying intensity levels across North America.\" class=\"wp-image-391200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-725.png?w=520&amp;ssl=1 520w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-725.png?resize=300%2C129&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Above:<\/strong>\u00a0Red-orange-yellow marks where rapid fluctuations were observed during the March 2023 geomagnetic storm. A plume of yellow extends all the way into Texas.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Savvy readers may wonder if something similar happened during the Great Geomagnetic Storm of May 2024. After all, that was the biggest geomagnetic storm in decades (G5+), far more intense than the March 2023 storm (G4). The answer, surprisingly, seems to be \u201cno.\u201d The same sensors were running during both storms, yet only the lesser storm produced extraordinary scintillation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis is an example of how the ionosphere can respond differently to different magnetic storms,\u201d says&nbsp;Rodrigues. \u201cWe still have a lot to learn.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do It Yourself:<\/strong>&nbsp;Rodrigues\u2019s team monitors equatorial plasma bubbles using a low-cost sensor called&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/labs.utdallas.edu\/rodrigues\/scintpi\/\">ScintPi<\/a>, based on the Raspberry Pi computer. You can&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/scintpi.utdallas.edu\/build-your-own-2\/\">build one yourself<\/a>. Hobbyists are using them to observe geomagnetic storms and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1040216\">even solar eclipses<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earth\u2019s ionosphere is a bit like Swiss cheese. It contains holes called \u201cequatorial plasma bubbles.\u201d If any of these bubbles drift across your sky\u2013grip the steering wheel\u2013your GPS might go haywire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":391202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Discover how equatorial plasma bubbles disrupt GPS signals, causing errors during geomagnetic storms. Learn more about Earth's ionosphere!","jetpack_seo_html_title":"How Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Disrupt GPS Signals","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691836829,691824369,691836828,691836830,691818447,691836827],"class_list":{"0":"post-391196","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-bubbly-ionosphere","9":"tag-earths-ionosphere","10":"tag-equatorial-plasma-bubbles","11":"tag-magnetic-fields","12":"tag-solar","13":"tag-spaceweather","15":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0Screenshot-2025-07-28-092939.png?fit=1174%2C753&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1DLC","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":286929,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=286929","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":0},"title":"Artificial Airglow from HAARP May Be Widely Visible in Alaska Tonight","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/11\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program, or HAARP, is a scientific endeavor aimed at studying the properties and behavior of the ionosphere. \"The ionosphere stretches roughly 50 to 400 miles above Earth's surface, right at the edge of space. Along with the neutral upper atmosphere, the ionosphere forms the boundary\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Alaska\"","block_context":{"text":"Alaska","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=alaska"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0haarp1-changed-size-1068x712-1.jpg?fit=1068%2C712&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0haarp1-changed-size-1068x712-1.jpg?fit=1068%2C712&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0haarp1-changed-size-1068x712-1.jpg?fit=1068%2C712&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0haarp1-changed-size-1068x712-1.jpg?fit=1068%2C712&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0haarp1-changed-size-1068x712-1.jpg?fit=1068%2C712&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":426950,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=426950","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":1},"title":"Models Gone Wild: The Ionosphere Triggers Earthquakes?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"18\/02\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The idea that ionospheric disturbances could influence earthquakes is an emerging and speculative concept in geophysics, primarily explored in a recent theoretical model rather than through established empirical evidence.","rel":"","context":"In \"2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake\"","block_context":{"text":"2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=2024-noto-peninsula-earthquake"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0-Could-ionospheric-disturbances-influence-earthquakes1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0-Could-ionospheric-disturbances-influence-earthquakes1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0-Could-ionospheric-disturbances-influence-earthquakes1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0-Could-ionospheric-disturbances-influence-earthquakes1.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":352942,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=352942","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":2},"title":"Straight Outta Science Fiction: \u2018The Magnetic Tornado\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"While this seems like something that is out of cartoon with the Roadrunner and Wile E. Coyote (picture that episode with the giant magnet and \u201ctornado seeds,\u201d) this is actually real science, and it is happening on Jupiter. \u2013 Anthony","rel":"","context":"In \"Earth-size ovals\"","block_context":{"text":"Earth-size ovals","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=earth-size-ovals"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/08b6fa11517_50201386_tornade-desert.jpg?fit=1200%2C743&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281840,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=281840","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":3},"title":"To study atmosphere, NASA rockets will fly into October eclipse&#8217;s shadow","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From Phys.org By Miles Hatfield,\u00a0NASA This map details the path the Moon\u2019s shadow will take as it crosses the contiguous U.S. during the\u00a0annular solar eclipse on Oct. 14, 2023, and\u00a0total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024. Credit: NASA\/Scientific Visualization Studio\/Michala Garrison; eclipse calculations by Ernie Wright A NASA sounding rocket\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"APEP team\"","block_context":{"text":"APEP team","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=apep-team"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-57.png?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":427762,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=427762","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":4},"title":"Changing Sunlight \u2013 Sun Movement and Spin","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"24\/02\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"This article follows up on an earlier article that considered how the movement of the Sun relative to Earth as well as solar activity alters Earth\u2019s climate. The motion of the Sun so far during this century is analysed in detail and gives insights into how the various planets contribute\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"centre of mass (CoM)\"","block_context":{"text":"centre of mass (CoM)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=centre-of-mass-com"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0Screenshot-2026-02-24-183828-1.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0Screenshot-2026-02-24-183828-1.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0Screenshot-2026-02-24-183828-1.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0Screenshot-2026-02-24-183828-1.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0Screenshot-2026-02-24-183828-1.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":267248,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=267248","url_meta":{"origin":391196,"position":5},"title":"A New Way to Detect Solar\u00a0Flares","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/07\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cI monitor the frequency and field strength of Canada\u2019s CHU time station transmitting at 7850 KHz,\u201d explains Curtis. \u201cDuring the X-class flare event, I was able to detect the Doppler shift of the station\u2019s carrier frequency (green plot). It shifted by 5 Hz, which is a small change, but very\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Doppler Shift method\"","block_context":{"text":"Doppler Shift method","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=doppler-shift-method"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0-Solar-Flares12.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0-Solar-Flares12.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0-Solar-Flares12.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0-Solar-Flares12.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0-Solar-Flares12.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=391196"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":391205,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/391196\/revisions\/391205"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/391202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=391196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=391196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=391196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}