{"id":390697,"date":"2025-07-25T14:32:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T12:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390697"},"modified":"2025-07-25T14:32:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T12:32:39","slug":"icj-rules-nations-have-an-obligation-to-mitigate-co2-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390697","title":{"rendered":"ICJ Rules Nations have an Obligation to Mitigate CO2 Emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"390703\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=390703\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&amp;ssl=1\" 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src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?resize=723%2C723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A smiling judge with wild hair, wearing a black robe, sits at a table in a green-themed courtroom with greenery in the background.\" class=\"wp-image-390703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?resize=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQM0SspDECHjjNqF5UQrL7NonKoWyKhxNrtMZnqDVMBQRa3Wf4WcOHCwJ_kmphwXgEBOlA0_j1kZ-gPAOtMwrrg7rEY1Vejvcd9pxjQwol68gLgpm7EdrlLQheYWYLOr8KbtLRBXl9v6WN3VkU-IlAWR6_zmPA-1.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/07\/24\/icj-rules-nations-have-an-obligation-to-mitigate-co2-emissions\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Essay by<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/author\/eworrall1\/\">Eric Worrall<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Essay by Eric Worrall<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cStates \u2026 have additional obligations to take the lead in combating climate change by limiting their greenhouse gas emissions \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The press release;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of ,187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e95d121c-0b98-45f1-8561-e3b5d31202d1\" href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf\">,187-20250723-pre-01-00-en<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e95d121c-0b98-45f1-8561-e3b5d31202d1\">Herunterladen<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If anyone has the patience, the full 133 page judgement (mostly in English) is available&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>&nbsp;(backup copy&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the advisory opinion press release + judgement;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The climate change treaties set forth binding obligations for States parties to ensure the protection of the climate system and other parts of the environment from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. These obligations include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a)&nbsp;<strong>States parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have an obligation to adopt measures with a view to contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) States parties listed in Annex I to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have additional obligations to take the lead in combating climate change by limiting their greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing their greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) States parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have a duty to co-operate with each other in order to achieve the underlying objective of the Convention; (d) States parties to the Kyoto Protocol must comply with applicable provisions of the Protocol;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) States parties to the Paris Agreement have an obligation to act with due diligence in taking measures in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities capable of making an adequate contribution to achieving the temperature goal set out in the Agreement;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(f) States parties to the Paris Agreement have an obligation to prepare, communicate and maintain successive and progressive nationally determined contributions which, inter alia, when taken together, are capable of achieving the temperature goal of limiting global warming to 1.5\u221eC above pre-industrial levels;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(g) States parties to the Paris Agreement have an obligation to pursue measures which are capable of achieving the objectives set out in their successive nationally determined contributions; and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(h) States parties to the Paris Agreement have obligations of adaptation and co-operation, including through technology and financial transfers, which must be performed in good faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Customary international law sets forth obligations for States to ensure the protection of the climate system and other parts of the environment from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. These obligations include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a)&nbsp;<strong>States have a duty to prevent significant harm to the environment<\/strong>&nbsp;by acting with due diligence and to use all means at their disposal to prevent activities carried out within their jurisdiction or control from causing significant harm to the climate system and other parts of the environment, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b)&nbsp;<strong>States have a duty to co-operate with each other in good faith to prevent significant harm to the climate system and other parts of the environment<\/strong>, which requires sustained and continuous forms of co-operation by States when taking measures to prevent such harm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2026Read more:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/187-20250723-pre-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Same link as above<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the court claiming the judgement is advisory, the body of the judgement appears to claim that under the UN charter all members of the UN including the USA have an obligation to respect this ICJ judgement, due to customary respect for a rules the USA has not necessarily explicitly embraced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) Duty to co-operate for the protection of the environment 140.\u00a0<strong>The duty to co-operate lies at the core of the Charter of the United Nations<\/strong>. Article 1 of the Charter commits States \u201c[t]o achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character\u00f8. This obligation has been spelled out in the foundational \u201cDeclaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations (General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970) (hereinafter the \u201cDeclaration on Friendly Relations).\u00a0<strong>The Court has held that \u201cthe adoption by States of this text affords an indication of their opinio juris as to customary international law (Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986, p. 101, para. 191).<\/strong>\u00a0That observation also applies to the duty to co-operate in so far as it finds expression in many binding and non-binding instruments relating specifically to the environment. The duty to co-operate is a central obligation under the climate change treaties and other environmental treaties, as discussed below (see paragraphs 214-218 and 260-267). Other examples include Principle 24 of the Stockholm Declaration and Principle 7 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (hereinafter the \u201cRio Declaration\u201d), which both recognize co-operation as an essential element in the protection of the environment. In view of the related practice of States,\u00a0<strong>the Court considers that the duty of States to co-operate for the protection of the environment is a rule whose customary character has been established<\/strong>\u00a0(see Climate Change, Advisory Opinion, ITLOS Reports 2024, p. 110, para. 296; MOX Plant (Ireland v. United Kingdom), Provisional Measures, Order of 3 December 2001, ITLOS Reports 2001, p. 110, para. 82).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/187\/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u2019m not a legal expert, but the argument that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.law.uw.edu\/wlr\/vol92\/iss4\/2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">customary law with respect to international relations carries weight appears to be weak<\/a>, though not necessarily weak enough to have it immediately dismissed without lots of time and money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/address-before-the-senate-urging-ratification-the-charter-the-united-nations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US Senate did ratify the UN Charter in 1945<\/a>, though arguably the UN has since granted itself powers which were not part of the original charter. I don\u2019t recall the senate ever ratifying the USA\u2019s alleged climate obligations under that 1945 charter. The claim the USA has a climate obligation under a charter ratified by the US Senate long before the UN got involved in the climate game seems a stretch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the \u201ccustomary character\u201d argument that states have a duty of compliance is a reference to the acquiescence of previous US administrations to unratified UN extensions of authority. If this is correct, that would make the ICJ advisory an assertion that the USA should shut up and do what they are told.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obviously this ICJ ruling provides a lot of scope for mischief by NGOs and state governors who disagree with President Trump\u2019s climate policies. I can see this ICJ ruling making a lot of lawyers rich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Interestingly there has been&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/commodity\/lithium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a recent bump in Lithium prices<\/a>, from around $8.50 \/ lb in late June to around $10 \/ lb today, though the explanations I\u2019ve read claim this is due to a global cleardown of excess inventory rather than speculation the ICJ ruling might boost demand for EVs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cStates \u2026 have additional obligations to take the lead in combating climate change by limiting their greenhouse gas emissions \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":390703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"Discover how the ICJ ruling influences nations' responsibilities to mitigate CO2 emissions and protect the climate system effectively.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"ICJ Verdict: Nations Must Combat Climate Change 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the ICJ Rushing to Rule on \u201cObligations of States with Regard to Climate Change\u201d?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"28\/11\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"he US submission to the International Court of Justice is scheduled for December 4th.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-International-Court-of-Justice.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-International-Court-of-Justice.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-International-Court-of-Justice.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, 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change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-UN-Urges-Member-States-to-Support-the-ICJ-Ruling-on-Climate-Change-Obligations.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-UN-Urges-Member-States-to-Support-the-ICJ-Ruling-on-Climate-Change-Obligations.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-UN-Urges-Member-States-to-Support-the-ICJ-Ruling-on-Climate-Change-Obligations.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/0-UN-Urges-Member-States-to-Support-the-ICJ-Ruling-on-Climate-Change-Obligations.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":205020,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=205020","url_meta":{"origin":390697,"position":2},"title":"The Court Ruling which could Outlaw Climate Skepticism","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"20\/06\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Essay by Eric Worrall Vanuatu has urged Australia to join its push to have the United Nations International Court of Justice rule that states are \u201cobliged to use all the means at its disposal in order to avoid activities\u201d which lead to more CO2 emissions. Vanuatu calls on Australia to\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0green_gavel.webp?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0green_gavel.webp?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0green_gavel.webp?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0green_gavel.webp?fit=800%2C533&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":414624,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=414624","url_meta":{"origin":390697,"position":3},"title":"The ICJ\u2019s 2025 climate opinion: A gateway to economic hardship and climate lawsuits","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"25\/11\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Mid-2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) dropped a 140-page advisory opinion on nations\u2019 and businesses\u2019 obligations concerning climate change. All 15 judges declared it an \u201curgent and existential threat,\u201d mandating that every nation slash CO\u2082 emissions, adapt to disasters like storms, and foot the bill for climate damages.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/00Screenshot-2025-11-25-133854.png?fit=1200%2C885&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/00Screenshot-2025-11-25-133854.png?fit=1200%2C885&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/00Screenshot-2025-11-25-133854.png?fit=1200%2C885&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/00Screenshot-2025-11-25-133854.png?fit=1200%2C885&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/00Screenshot-2025-11-25-133854.png?fit=1200%2C885&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262725,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=262725","url_meta":{"origin":390697,"position":4},"title":"Princeton Academic: We Should Become Vegans for the Sake of the Planet","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"18\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"When you think about it we\u2019re all vegans \u2013 just some of us let the cows, pigs and sheep pre-process and concentrate the vegetable nutrients before consumption.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00Zitty2918-Cover_Vegan-2883-Kopie-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00Zitty2918-Cover_Vegan-2883-Kopie-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00Zitty2918-Cover_Vegan-2883-Kopie-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00Zitty2918-Cover_Vegan-2883-Kopie-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/00Zitty2918-Cover_Vegan-2883-Kopie-2.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":290046,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290046","url_meta":{"origin":390697,"position":5},"title":"COP28: China and India Reject Climate Loss and Damage Demands","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From Watts Up With That? Essay by Eric Worrall Everyone agrees the USA should be looted, but China and India want to be recipients of funding, not contributors. COP28: Should India and China receive or pay climate damage fund? By Navin Singh KhadkaEnvironment correspondent, BBC World Service China is the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"China\"","block_context":{"text":"China","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=china"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Screenshot-2023-12-05-130451.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Screenshot-2023-12-05-130451.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Screenshot-2023-12-05-130451.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Screenshot-2023-12-05-130451.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Screenshot-2023-12-05-130451.png?fit=1200%2C604&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=390697"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":390706,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/390697\/revisions\/390706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/390703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=390697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=390697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=390697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}