{"id":387685,"date":"2025-07-09T08:46:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T06:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=387685"},"modified":"2025-07-09T08:46:31","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T06:46:31","slug":"trumps-mineral-policy-offers-strategic-opportunity-in-the-pacific","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=387685","title":{"rendered":"Trump\u2019s Mineral Policy Offers Strategic Opportunity in the Pacific"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"723\" data-attachment-id=\"387687\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=387687\" 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https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQNDlvoCgiV-C2kwe65vpraNNrEItwzJYoyp78al83fCw3v3DyGF16kk1xOrlamW_NalUhzTlhtby4V7yhsmA473iLL90cdPSOzTXmDhxKz8mtHLBKKdRIq_S8lZGnO1XKN-Ft2oI3gTdvRXe7gglv9ix_4hkg-1.jpeg?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQNDlvoCgiV-C2kwe65vpraNNrEItwzJYoyp78al83fCw3v3DyGF16kk1xOrlamW_NalUhzTlhtby4V7yhsmA473iLL90cdPSOzTXmDhxKz8mtHLBKKdRIq_S8lZGnO1XKN-Ft2oI3gTdvRXe7gglv9ix_4hkg-1.jpeg?resize=550%2C550&amp;ssl=1 550w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQNDlvoCgiV-C2kwe65vpraNNrEItwzJYoyp78al83fCw3v3DyGF16kk1xOrlamW_NalUhzTlhtby4V7yhsmA473iLL90cdPSOzTXmDhxKz8mtHLBKKdRIq_S8lZGnO1XKN-Ft2oI3gTdvRXe7gglv9ix_4hkg-1.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/07\/07\/trumps-mineral-policy-offers-strategic-opportunity-in-the-pacific\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/authors\/wyatt_greco\/\">Wyatt Greco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>A seabed mining agreement with the island nation of Nauru would reduce China\u2019s influence while establishing America as an industry authority<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an April 2025&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/04\/unleashing-americas-offshore-critical-minerals-and-resources\/\">executive order<\/a>, President Trump affirmed that offshore critical minerals are key to creating supply chains that do not depend on adversaries like the People\u2019s Republic of China. While US leadership on deep-sea mining directly serves the nation\u2019s resource needs, it also brings mutually-beneficial&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/04\/unleashing-americas-offshore-critical-minerals-and-resources\/\">partnerships<\/a>&nbsp;with other nations. Such relationships would not only reduce China\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/R47324#:~:text=The%20International%20Seabed%20Authority%20(ISA,of%20U.S.%20citizens%20in%20ABNJ.\">dominance<\/a>&nbsp;over the minerals industry, but could also be leveraged to combat China\u2019s expanding foothold in the Indo-Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In building the partnerships that will transform America into a leader on seabed mining, the Trump administration should make Nauru a priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nauru is a small island nation located northeast of Australia and the Solomon Islands and south of the U.S.-aligned Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia. The country\u2019s efforts on deep-sea mining are focused beyond its territorial waters or exclusive economic zone, in an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pew.org\/-\/media\/assets\/2017\/12\/sea_the_clarion_clipperton_zone.pdf\">area<\/a>&nbsp;of the Pacific Ocean known as the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ). This region is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isa.org.jm\/exploration-contracts\/polymetallic-nodules\/\">known<\/a>&nbsp;for its relatively rich deposits of valuable minerals like Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese, and rare earths.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike the United States, Nauru is a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and pursues seabed mining under the oversight of an international organization called the International Seabed Authority (<a href=\"https:\/\/amti.csis.org\/between-rocks-and-a-hard-place-seabed-mining-in-the-pacific\/\">ISA<\/a>). In 2021, Nauru made headlines by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hakaimagazine.com\/news\/why-nauru-is-pushing-the-world-toward-deep-sea-mining\/\">activating<\/a>&nbsp;a two-year deadline for the ISA to agree on a set of rules for exploiting minerals on the ocean floor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four years have now passed, and the ISA has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sdg.iisd.org\/news\/amid-concerns-over-exploitation-isa-forges-ahead-with-deep-sea-mining-rules\/\">yet<\/a>&nbsp;to finalize the regulations. Despite this failure, Nauru has remained faithful and has yet to begin commercial mining through its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/investors.metals.co\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/tmc-and-nauru-announce-updated-sponsorship-agreement-nauru-ocean\">sponsored company<\/a>. However, a November 2024&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.isa.org.jm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Nauru-Letter-to-ISA-Council-President-re-Process-for-Plan-of-Work_10112024.pdf\">letter<\/a>&nbsp;from Nauru\u2019s government urged the ISA to either complete its regulations or review a future exploitation application in the absence of formalized rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nauru demonstrates commendable resolve in the face of international red tape. Its continued determination to advance the seabed mining industry aligns with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/04\/unleashing-americas-offshore-critical-minerals-and-resources\/\">stated vision<\/a>&nbsp;of the Trump administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With a land&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/nauru\/\">area<\/a>&nbsp;of just over eight square miles, Nauru currently offers little in the way of exports. Rich phosphate reserves&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/04\/corruption-incompetence-and-a-musical-naurus-riches-to-rags-tale\">once sustained<\/a>&nbsp;the island\u2019s inhabitants, but these deposits have long been depleted. Moreover, the phosphate extraction process proved environmentally&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/sep\/04\/corruption-incompetence-and-a-musical-naurus-riches-to-rags-tale\">devastating<\/a>&nbsp;and left much of the country\u2019s land infertile. This tiny nation is understandably&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/world\/oceania\/going-broke-and-sinking-nauru-wants-to-mine-the-ocean-floor-20230610-p5dfiy.html\">desperate<\/a>&nbsp;for a stable economic future, leaving it&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/2024\/01\/financially-weak-pacific-island-states-are-vulnerable-china\">vulnerable<\/a>&nbsp;to Beijing\u2019s development enticements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For now, Nauru thankfully remains within the Western security fold. Under a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2024\/12\/09\/australia\/australia-nauru-agreement-veto-intl-hnk\">deal<\/a>&nbsp;signed at the end of 2024, Nauru granted Australia veto power over any \u201csecurity, banking and telecommunications\u201d agreements with other countries. Given its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfat.gov.au\/geo\/nauru\/engagement-in-nauru\">longstanding ties<\/a>&nbsp;to Nauru and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lowyinstitute.org\/the-interpreter\/ounce-prevention-nauru-deal-puts-defence-spending-different-light\">concerns<\/a>&nbsp;over Chinese power, Australia is the ideal country to take point on Nauru\u2019s direct protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, China could still undermine American and Australian interests in Nauru. Last year, Nauru&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/1\/24\/china-and-nauru-resume-diplomatic-ties\">switched<\/a>&nbsp;diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China for the second time in the 21<sup>st<\/sup>&nbsp;century, illustrating the impact that Beijing\u2019s promises of development can have on Nauru\u2019s foreign relations. China can pursue investment and cooperation in sectors beyond the purview of the recent Australia deal, such as seabed mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">China already seeks agreements on deep-sea mining with several other Pacific nations. Despite its status of free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands recently entered into a memorandum of understanding with China to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/online-analysis\/online-analysis\/2025\/03\/uncharted-territory-deep-sea-mining-and-the-underwater-domain\/\">collaborate<\/a>&nbsp;on seabed mining surveys. Kiribati has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.offshore-mag.com\/special-reports\/news\/55281426\/kiribati-explores-deep-sea-mining-partnership-with-china\">signaled<\/a>&nbsp;its willingness to partner with Beijing in the emerging industry. The United States must act fast to prevent yet additional sources of critical minerals from falling under Chinese control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/energy-world\/trumps-interest-in-deep-sea-mining-in-the-face-of-global-pressure\">supporters<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2025\/05\/as-pacific-islands-caution-against-seabed-mining-the-us-prepares-to-trash-the-rules\/\">critics<\/a>&nbsp;agree that President Trump\u2019s April Executive Order introduces a path for mining in international waters. The Metals Company (TMC), the same business that partners with Nauru, responded to the policy change by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2025\/04\/the-metals-company-applied-to-the-u-s-for-a-deep-sea-mining-license\/\">applying<\/a>&nbsp;for a seabed mining license from the US government in an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rnz.co.nz\/news\/pacific\/561813\/deep-sea-mining-frontrunner-set-to-sidestep-un-oversight-pivots-to-us-route\">unclaimed<\/a>&nbsp;portion of the CCZ. TMC could serve as a useful point of contact between Nauru and the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Trump administration should negotiate a seabed resources agreement with Nauru that prevents China from gaining access to more critical minerals. Even if Nauru decides to wait on the ISA, a deal with the U.S. now would stymie any Chinese ambitions down the road. The fewer Pacific Islands nations that are economically aligned with China, the better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Given the diplomatic&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/trumps-deep-sea-mining-executive-order-race-critical-minerals-enters-uncharted-waters\">uncertainties<\/a>&nbsp;of deep-sea mining, a Nauru-U.S. deal could avert other future headaches. Many countries, including Nauru, claim mining rights in international waters through the ISA, but a non-member&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.heritage.org\/global-politics\/commentary\/trumps-interest-deep-sea-mining-the-face-global-pressure\">like<\/a>&nbsp;the United States could&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rnz.co.nz\/news\/pacific\/561813\/deep-sea-mining-frontrunner-set-to-sidestep-un-oversight-pivots-to-us-route\">theoretically<\/a>&nbsp;consider those claims invalid. Disagreements could easily&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/analysis\/trumps-deep-sea-mining-executive-order-race-critical-minerals-enters-uncharted-waters#:~:text=The%20ocean%20region%20that%20has,waters%20between%20Mexico%20and%20Hawaii.\">arise<\/a>&nbsp;if the US government were to license a company to mine in waters assigned to another country by the ISA. Reaching minerals agreements with Nauru and other nations will help America to avoid these complications and stay on good terms with strategic islands in the Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The agreement specifics could take many forms. Washington might offer&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annex-I.pdf\">tariff relief<\/a>&nbsp;or encourage private investment in Nauru in exchange for rights of first offer to purchase any extracted minerals. To address&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hakaimagazine.com\/news\/why-nauru-is-pushing-the-world-toward-deep-sea-mining\/\">concerns<\/a>&nbsp;about the potential environmental impact of seabed mining, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noaa.gov\/news-release\/next-gold-rush-president-trump-unlocks-access-to-critical-deep-seabed-minerals\">NOAA<\/a>) could conduct transparent research on Nauru\u2019s sector of the CCZ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pacific Islands partnerships should not stop with Nauru. Tonga and Kiribati have both&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/crs-product\/IF12974\">shown<\/a>&nbsp;interest in deep-sea mining. Even the February 2025&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/online-analysis\/online-analysis\/2025\/03\/uncharted-territory-deep-sea-mining-and-the-underwater-domain\/\">deal<\/a>&nbsp;between China and the Cook Islands only pertains to seabed study and does not commit to commercial extraction. By offering government and private resources to Pacific Islands states, the United States can stop China from attaining an international leadership role over seabed mining. This collaboration would instead solidify American leadership in the industry, allowing the United States to guide seabed mining in a way that respects both the environment and national sovereignty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">President Trump\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/04\/unleashing-americas-offshore-critical-minerals-and-resources\/\">executive order<\/a>&nbsp;calls for research into a potential \u201cinternational benefit-sharing mechanism for seabed mineral resource extraction and development that occurs in areas beyond the national jurisdiction of any country.\u201d Including interested Pacific Islands nations as founding participants in such an arrangement would ensure that these small states can benefit from shared ocean resources that are developed by the United States. This mechanism would also strengthen America\u2019s sphere of influence in the Indo-Pacific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, the United States is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/03\/immediate-measures-to-increase-american-mineral-production\/\">severely lacking<\/a>&nbsp;in its domestic capacity to produce and process critical minerals. While international agreements are important for eroding China\u2019s chokehold over global supplies, Washington should also take&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.gatech.edu\/news\/2025\/05\/06\/how-us-can-mine-its-own-critical-minerals-without-digging-new-holes\">steps<\/a>&nbsp;to expand mining at home and to process any raw minerals that are acquired, regardless of their source. By cultivating American resources and securing international partners in the Pacific, the U.S. can gain an edge in the global competition with China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Wyatt J. Greco<\/strong>&nbsp;is a Master of Public Policy Student at the Pepperdine University School of Public Policy. He specializes in International Relations and National Security, with regional interests in the Pacific Islands and Europe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This article was originally published by RealClearDefense and made available via RealClearWire.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A seabed mining agreement with the island nation of Nauru would reduce China\u2019s influence while establishing America as an industry authority<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":387687,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818341,691836431,691835801,691833361,691836430,691836429,691836432,691836433,691833487],"class_list":{"0":"post-387685","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-china","9":"tag-clarion-clipperton-zone-ccz","10":"tag-deep-sea-mining","11":"tag-executive-order","12":"tag-nauru","13":"tag-offshore-critical-minerals","14":"tag-phosphate-reserves","15":"tag-the-metals-company-tmc","16":"tag-us-president-donald-j-trump","18":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQNDlvoCgiV-C2kwe65vpraNNrEItwzJYoyp78al83fCw3v3DyGF16kk1xOrlamW_NalUhzTlhtby4V7yhsmA473iLL90cdPSOzTXmDhxKz8mtHLBKKdRIq_S8lZGnO1XKN-Ft2oI3gTdvRXe7gglv9ix_4hkg-1.jpeg?fit=1280%2C1280&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1CQZ","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":383087,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=383087","url_meta":{"origin":387685,"position":0},"title":"Deep-sea 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post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-403.png?fit=643%2C361&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-403.png?fit=643%2C361&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-403.png?fit=643%2C361&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":286100,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=286100","url_meta":{"origin":387685,"position":2},"title":"UK government drops support for controversial deep sea mining as it backs temporary pause","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/11\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Greenpeace International activists paint the word 'RISK!' on the starboard side of Normand Energy, a vessel chartered by the Belgian company Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR). The Rainbow Warrior is bearing witness to equipment tests carried out by GSR using the Patania II nodule collector, at approximately 4500 metres deep\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/032d23862-gp1sv2te_pressmedia.jpg?fit=1200%2C742&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/032d23862-gp1sv2te_pressmedia.jpg?fit=1200%2C742&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/032d23862-gp1sv2te_pressmedia.jpg?fit=1200%2C742&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/032d23862-gp1sv2te_pressmedia.jpg?fit=1200%2C742&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/032d23862-gp1sv2te_pressmedia.jpg?fit=1200%2C742&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":417107,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=417107","url_meta":{"origin":387685,"position":3},"title":"The U.S. reenters the rare-earths race","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/12\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Successive administrations did little or nothing to halt the export of American skilled labor jobs, or even to promote skilled American labor as vital to national security. Unlike his predecessors, President Trump determined to promote American labor and restore mining and manufacturing as the pathway to a stronger nation and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese\"","block_context":{"text":"Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=australian-prime-minister-anthony-albanese"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AQMorKb-PbE9-PrO1YaFmRrZYudqwE2S3Od-PaXX4NMAf83KD4K3Fb4aIPu6ScJNG3UCcObFXATPINQcZo-3xXOeybuZcSdMnOKqowpPf7gy1_HsFByCNTMivPdg9bw.jpeg?fit=1178%2C780&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AQMorKb-PbE9-PrO1YaFmRrZYudqwE2S3Od-PaXX4NMAf83KD4K3Fb4aIPu6ScJNG3UCcObFXATPINQcZo-3xXOeybuZcSdMnOKqowpPf7gy1_HsFByCNTMivPdg9bw.jpeg?fit=1178%2C780&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AQMorKb-PbE9-PrO1YaFmRrZYudqwE2S3Od-PaXX4NMAf83KD4K3Fb4aIPu6ScJNG3UCcObFXATPINQcZo-3xXOeybuZcSdMnOKqowpPf7gy1_HsFByCNTMivPdg9bw.jpeg?fit=1178%2C780&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AQMorKb-PbE9-PrO1YaFmRrZYudqwE2S3Od-PaXX4NMAf83KD4K3Fb4aIPu6ScJNG3UCcObFXATPINQcZo-3xXOeybuZcSdMnOKqowpPf7gy1_HsFByCNTMivPdg9bw.jpeg?fit=1178%2C780&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/AQMorKb-PbE9-PrO1YaFmRrZYudqwE2S3Od-PaXX4NMAf83KD4K3Fb4aIPu6ScJNG3UCcObFXATPINQcZo-3xXOeybuZcSdMnOKqowpPf7gy1_HsFByCNTMivPdg9bw.jpeg?fit=1178%2C780&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":411698,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=411698","url_meta":{"origin":387685,"position":4},"title":"Rare earth minerals, etc. from China \u2026 or the USA?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/11\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Yet that\u2019s essentially how America has handled the metals and minerals that are vital to our defense, medical, communication, automotive, aerospace, lasers, computer\/AI\/data centers, and every other sector of our economy. 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For a broad range of key metals and minerals, China is either the largest miner, the dominant refiner, or both. 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