{"id":386270,"date":"2025-07-01T20:17:56","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T18:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=386270"},"modified":"2025-07-01T20:19:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T18:19:22","slug":"toward-a-new-climate-paradigm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=386270","title":{"rendered":"Toward A New Climate Paradigm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"443\" data-attachment-id=\"386278\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=386278\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?fit=1500%2C919&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1500,919\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"thumb-1920-716585\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?fit=723%2C443&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?resize=723%2C443&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-386278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?resize=1024%2C627&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?resize=300%2C184&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?resize=768%2C471&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?resize=1200%2C735&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2025\/06\/30\/towards-a-new-climate-paradigm\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Guest Post by<\/em><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/author\/weschenbach\/\">Willis Eschenbach<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What got me into investigating climate science a quarter-century ago? The astounding stability of the Earth\u2019s global surface mean temperature (GMST). For example, since the year 1900, a century and a quarter, the Earth\u2019s temperature has gone up by 0.46 \u00b1 0.07 percent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I\u2019ll say it again.&nbsp;<strong>In a century and a quarter the Earth has warmed by less than half a percent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Earth\u2019s climate system is a curious thing. It is a giant solar-driven heat engine. A heat engine is a device that turns heat into mechanical motion. In the case of the climate, the mechanical motion is the endless, ceaseless motion of the ocean and the atmosphere. Like all heat engines, the climate heat engine is heated at the hot end, and then the heat is transferred to the cold end and leaves the engine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So I started out to discover why the temperature is so stable. Yes, I know that from our tiny human perspective it seems unstable, but for a heat engine, the temperature varying by less than half a percent over a century and a quarter is very stable. And here\u2019s what I found out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like all flow systems far from equilibrium, the climate is ruled by the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/constructal.wordpress.com\/constructal-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Constructal Law,<\/a>&nbsp;one of the most under-appreciated discoveries of modern thermodynamics. The Constructal Law governs the evolution of flow systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And as the Constructal Law requires, the climate heat engine is constantly evolving to maximize the flow. The Constructal Law is a sort of Ten Commandments for anything that flows\u2014rivers, blood, traffic, and, yes, the climate itself. The basic idea?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Everything that moves is constantly evolving and morphing to make movement easier.<\/strong>&nbsp;Life, it turns out, is just one big game of \u201cHow can I get from here to there with the least amount of fuss?\u201d The Constructal Law is why river deltas look like the branches of a tree, which in turn look like the alveoli in our lungs. They are all controlled by the Constructal Law.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"553\" data-attachment-id=\"386273\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=386273\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-31.png?fit=720%2C553&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,553\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-31.png?fit=720%2C553&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-31.png?resize=720%2C553&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-386273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-31.png?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-31.png?resize=300%2C230&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a Constructal Law point of view, the climate is not a fragile, teetering system on the verge of collapse, but a gigantic, heat-hauling Rube Goldberg machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sun pours energy onto the tropics, the poles are the cold end of the heat engine, and the atmosphere and oceans get busy shuttling all that heat from the equator towards the poles, where it escapes to space far more easily than at the tropics. Here\u2019s a map of what areas lose or gain energy by this flow.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"667\" data-attachment-id=\"386275\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=386275\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-33.png?fit=720%2C667&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-33.png?fit=720%2C667&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-33.png?resize=720%2C667&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-386275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-33.png?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-33.png?resize=300%2C278&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 1. Average of flow of heat which is constantly being exported from the tropics to the poles, March 2000 to February 2024.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Bejan, the climate doesn\u2019t maximize temperature, or CO\u2082, or even the number of climate conferences in Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No, what it\u2019s really maximizing\u2014relentlessly, remorselessly, every minute of every day\u2014is the&nbsp;<em>flow<\/em>&nbsp;of heat from where it\u2019s hot to where it\u2019s not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Picture the earth as a planetary HVAC system, always rearranging its ductwork to get the job done faster. The Hadley cells, the jet streams, the ocean currents\u2014none of these are accidents or the result of a committee meeting. They\u2019re the system\u2019s way of morphing itself to maximize that poleward heat flow. The boundaries between the warm and cold zones, the size of the tropical belt, the speed of the trade winds\u2014Bejan\u2019s math predicts them all and the numbers line up with the real world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And here\u2019s the kicker: when you let the system optimize for maximum heat transport, a bunch of other things fall into place. The average surface temperature, the temperature difference between the equator and the poles, the total amount of heat getting shunted north and south\u2014Bejan\u2019s model nails them all, without the need for fudge factors, hand-waving, or appeals to the climate gods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How do I know that? I know because I created and ran what I believe is the first actual real-world based exemplar of Bejan\u2019s theoretical climate model on my computer and saw how successful it was. The whole process is described in the post below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-watts-up-with-that wp-block-embed-watts-up-with-that\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iYOaoviZsW\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2023\/10\/10\/testing-a-constructal-climate-model\/\">Testing A Constructal Climate Model<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Testing A Constructal Climate Model&#8221; &#8212; Watts Up With That?\" src=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2023\/10\/10\/testing-a-constructal-climate-model\/embed\/#?secret=4EsVWhsGim#?secret=iYOaoviZsW\" data-secret=\"iYOaoviZsW\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So what\u2019s the grand takeaway?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The climate isn\u2019t a delicate flower, always on the verge of wilting. It\u2019s a brawny, self-organizing, heat-moving machine, always rearranging its own plumbing to maximize the flow from hot to cold. It doesn\u2019t care about our politics, our models, or our carbon taxes. It just wants to get the job done, and it\u2019ll keep morphing until it does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short: if you want to understand the climate, stop thinking about balance, and start thinking about flow in a constructally-ruled world. The Earth\u2019s climate is a heat engine with a mission, and it\u2019s not going to let a little thing like equilibrium get in its way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My best wishes to all,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Of Course<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2026 when you comment, I politely ask that you quote the exact words you are discussing. Makes things clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What got me into investigating climate science a quarter-century ago? The astounding stability of the Earth\u2019s global surface mean temperature (GMST). For example, since the year 1900, a century and a quarter, the Earth\u2019s temperature has gone up by 0.46 \u00b1 0.07 percent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":386278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691836238,691818465,691831979,691836237],"class_list":["post-386270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-bejan","tag-climate","tag-earths-climate-system","tag-global-surface-mean-temperature-gmst","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/thumb-1920-716585.jpg?fit=1500%2C919&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1Cua","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":299194,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=299194","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":0},"title":"Long Term Climate Sensitivity After All Feedback Has Acted","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/31\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The world\u2019s climate is an immensely complex and chaotic system. Climate forcings have different efficacies depending on whereabouts on the planet they act. Massive convective forces and energy transport mitigate any warming but are nearly impossible to quantify. Even our global temperature series are unreliable. And then there is clouds!","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Sensitivity\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Sensitivity","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-sensitivity"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0wp4958005.webp?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0wp4958005.webp?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0wp4958005.webp?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0wp4958005.webp?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0wp4958005.webp?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":253046,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=253046","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":1},"title":"Another Day, Another CO2-Is-A-Climate-Driver Inconsistency","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/15\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The observed climate sensitivity (CS) to a perturbation to Earth\u2019s Energy Imbalance (EEI) is, in a new study (Pauling et al., 2023), defined as -0.4\u00b0C per -9 W\/m\u00b2, or 0.044\u00b0C per W\/m\u00b2. These values were assessed using observations from Mt. Pinatubo.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate effects\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate effects","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-effects"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/000_ARP2854576.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/000_ARP2854576.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/000_ARP2854576.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/000_ARP2854576.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/000_ARP2854576.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":245655,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=245655","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":2},"title":"The Holocene Temperature Conundrum","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/26\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Climate models are clearly not modeling natural climate change accurately, especially not orbital forcing. If you cannot model natural climate change, you have no idea what the human influence on climate is.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-823.png?fit=1200%2C630&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281130,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=281130","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":3},"title":"Researchers forecast strong El Ni\u00f1o and \u2018record-breaking\u2019 global surface temperatures in\u00a02023\u20132024","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/29\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"FrTallbloke's Talkshop \u00a0September 29, 2023 by\u00a0oldbrew Climate alarmists have been waiting nearly 8 years, since the last significant El Ni\u00f1o, for another chance to claim natural climate variation as an expression of their chosen non-natural theories. Tremble \u2013 or not \u2013 as the study authors predict \u2018a cascade of climate\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-876.png?fit=1200%2C896&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-876.png?fit=1200%2C896&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-876.png?fit=1200%2C896&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-876.png?fit=1200%2C896&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-876.png?fit=1200%2C896&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":348786,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=348786","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":4},"title":"Chris Martz Asks Climate Fundamentalists Ten Fundamental Questions","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/25\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Let\u2019s do this again. . . Here are 10 fundamental questions that climate pant-soilers never answer.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/01500x500.jpeg?fit=1200%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/01500x500.jpeg?fit=1200%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/01500x500.jpeg?fit=1200%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/01500x500.jpeg?fit=1200%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/01500x500.jpeg?fit=1200%2C400&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":419369,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=419369","url_meta":{"origin":386270,"position":5},"title":"Climate Change Perceptions","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/01\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), also referred to as Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), is a natural, large-scale climate pattern characterized by long-term fluctuations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic Ocean. It alternates between warm (positive) and cool (negative) phases, each typically lasting 20\u201340 years, with a full\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation-amo"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0Screenshot-2026-01-01-181353.png?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0Screenshot-2026-01-01-181353.png?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0Screenshot-2026-01-01-181353.png?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0Screenshot-2026-01-01-181353.png?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/0Screenshot-2026-01-01-181353.png?fit=1200%2C600&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=386270"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":386280,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/386270\/revisions\/386280"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/386278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=386270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=386270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=386270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}