{"id":383506,"date":"2025-06-17T15:46:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T13:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=383506"},"modified":"2025-06-17T15:46:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T13:46:07","slug":"settled-science-springs-a-leak-rivers-reveal-the-carbon-cycles-dirty-secret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=383506","title":{"rendered":"Settled Science Springs a Leak: Rivers Reveal the Carbon Cycle\u2019s Dirty Secret"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Charles Rotter<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n

Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rivers and streams are an important pathway in the global carbon cycle, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>) and methane (CH4<\/sub>) from their water surfaces to the atmosphere1<\/a>,2<\/a><\/sup>. Until now, CO2<\/sub> and CH4<\/sub> emitted from rivers were thought to be predominantly derived from recent (sub-decadal) biomass production and, thus, part of ecosystem respiration3<\/a>,4<\/a>,5<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>. Here we combine new and published measurements to create a global database of the radiocarbon content of river dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), CO2<\/sub> and CH4<\/sub>. Isotopic mass balance of our database suggests that 59\u2009\u00b1\u200917% of global river CO2<\/sub> emissions are derived from old carbon (millennial or older), the release of which is linked to river catchment lithology and biome. This previously unrecognized release of old, pre-industrial-aged carbon to the atmosphere from long-term soil, sediment and geologic carbon stores through lateral hydrological routing equates to 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009year\u22121<\/sup>, similar in magnitude to terrestrial net ecosystem exchange. A consequence of this flux is a greater than expected net loss of carbon from aged organic matter stores on land. This requires a reassessment of the fate of anthropogenic carbon in terrestrial systems and in global carbon cycle budgets and models.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

The recent Nature<\/em> study titled \u201cOld carbon routed from land to the atmosphere by global river systems\u201d<\/a> is not only a rigorous piece of scientific work\u2014it\u2019s also a spectacular indictment of the so-called \u201csettled science\u201d of climate change. This 2025 paper is a flaming arrow into the heart of carbon cycle certainty, unearthing yet another inconvenient truth: over half of the CO2 emitted from rivers comes from carbon sources that are hundreds to thousands of years old<\/strong>\u2014not from recent fossil fuel emissions or current biological activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let that sink in. Climate models and carbon budgets, paraded as settled science by every bureaucrat, green politician, and eco-apocalyptic influencer on Earth, have been built on the foundational assumption that riverine CO2 is part of a contemporary, short-term biosphere loop. Turns out, they\u2019ve been routing old ghosts through a new story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the authors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cThe largest proportion (52\u2009\u00b1\u200916%) of river CO2 emissions is sourced from millennial-aged carbon\u2026\u201d and \u201c7\u2009\u00b1\u20091%\u2026from petrogenic carbon\u201d .<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s right. Over half of these emissions are from old carbon stores\u2014carbon that, until now, was presumed stable, buried, and irrelevant to modern emission tallies. In other words, nature has its own deeply entrenched carbon leaks, and our modern instruments are just now getting around to noticing them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The implications are vast and devastating\u2014to the credibility of those who have weaponized science to promote radical climate policy. Here are a few of the most laughable consequences of this study for the \u201csettled science\u201d narrative:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. The Carbon Budget Is a Fantasy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The entire idea of a \u201ccarbon budget\u201d depends on the assumption that we can accurately track all natural and anthropogenic carbon sources and sinks. The paper\u2019s authors explicitly state:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cThis previously unrecognized release\u2026equates to 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 Pg C yr\u207b\u00b9, similar in magnitude to terrestrial net ecosystem exchange\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Translation: We were missing a carbon leak as big as the net carbon uptake of all land-based ecosystems<\/strong>. That\u2019s like losing a financial ledger entry equivalent to your annual revenue and still claiming your books balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Climate Models Can\u2019t Model What They Didn\u2019t Know Existed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This isn\u2019t a rounding error. This is a previously invisible carbon flux at a planetary scale\u2014entirely omitted from mainstream Earth system models. The authors even note:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cCurrent numerical models of river carbon transport and emission also fail to account for inputs from old carbon sources\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

For those of us who have long argued that climate models are glorified curve-fitting exercises based on selectively tuned assumptions, this study is pure vindication. It\u2019s an outright admission that the models are not merely imperfect\u2014they\u2019re structurally blind to major natural processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Climate Science Is Still in Diapers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If 59% of riverine CO2 emissions come from millennial or older carbon pools, then just how settled can the science be? The authors describe this as a \u201cplanetary-scale release\u201d of old carbon and conclude:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cWe provide evidence for a previously unrecognized, planetary-scale release of old, pre-industrial-aged carbon from land to the atmosphere through rivers\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Imagine building a trillion-dollar global policy framework on a dataset that left out half the equation. It would be funny if it weren\u2019t tragic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Anthropogenic Carbon Attribution Is Now a Shell Game<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the central talking points of climate activists is that CO2 in the atmosphere is traceable and largely caused by human emissions. This study kicks that stool out from under them. After adjusting the models to include this new understanding, the study finds that only:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201c41\u2009\u00b1\u200916% of river CO2 emissions\u2026could contain recent anthropogenic-derived carbon\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

That means nearly 60% of river-based CO2 emissions are from carbon predating modern industrial activity<\/strong>. This calls into question the accuracy of anthropogenic attribution models\u2014models which governments use to justify taxes, regulations, and top-down restructurings of energy and agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. So Much for Predicting the Future<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The authors admit they don\u2019t know whether the increase in old carbon emissions is from natural variability or anthropogenic disturbance. In their own words:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cWhether or not anthropogenic perturbation has increased the leak of old carbon\u2026remains a notable knowledge gap\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Yet we\u2019re told with absolute certainty that the Earth will warm by 1.5\u00b0C unless we ban gas stoves, eat bugs, and shut down reliable energy. This study exposes just how deeply uncertain and unresolved the feedbacks in the carbon cycle remain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Rivers: Nature\u2019s Carbon Cheaters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new conceptual model developed in this paper (see Fig. 3b on page 13<\/em>) is a quiet revolution. It admits that the traditional model of river emissions\u2014where CO2 was thought to be recent and local\u2014is deeply flawed. Instead, rivers act as carbon transport systems, redistributing ancient carbon from soils, rocks, and geologic layers into the atmosphere. That\u2019s not just a different magnitude\u2014it\u2019s an entirely different mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Existing model in which river CO2 is only derived from young, rapid-cycling carbon (decadal-aged\u2009=\u2009green); lateral DIC export to the coast is considered a mixture of decadal and petrogenic inputs (grey). By accounting for these river carbon losses, it is estimated that 1.7\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009year\u22121 of anthropogenic carbon emitted to the atmosphere may be accumulating in the rapid-cycling terrestrial carbon pools3; anote that this estimate is based on a lower estimate of vertical river CO2 emissions of 1.51\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009year\u22121. b, revised conceptual model based on the assembled F14C values of river DIC, CO2 and CH4 presented here; millennial carbon inputs are needed from organic matter degradation in soils or river sediments (orange) as well as petrogenic carbon from rock weathering to explain the observed F14C values in our database. This revised conceptual model indicates a loss of carbon from an old (millennial) store on land through vertical river CO2 emissions; a first-order estimate of the impact on the partitioning of carbon in the biosphere and soils is provided (b).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7. Policy Has Left Science Behind<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study\u2019s authors call for a reexamination of the terrestrial carbon sink and the role of rivers, noting:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cThis fundamentally changes our inference of where anthropogenic carbon resides within the main Earth system carbon reservoirs\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

But don\u2019t expect the IPCC, Net Zero campaigners, or ESG investors to acknowledge this. Their policy steamrollers are already in motion, powered by inertia and political leverage rather than scientific humility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

This study is a torpedo below the waterline of climate orthodoxy. It makes it painfully clear that we don\u2019t understand the Earth\u2019s carbon system nearly well enough to justify radical economic and societal upheaval. The confidence of climate alarmists\u2014built on the brittle scaffolding of incomplete data and overconfident models\u2014has once again been exposed for what it is: performative certainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To call climate science \u201csettled\u201d in the wake of this paper is not just intellectually lazy\u2014it\u2019s laughable. It\u2019s the scientific equivalent of declaring victory halfway through a chess match while ignoring that your queen is missing and half your pawns are spies. The river CO2 study is not a minor correction. It\u2019s a flashing red light that we\u2019re still flying blind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, the next time someone tells you the science is settled, ask them if they\u2019ve heard of F\u00b9\u2074C. Then sit back and enjoy the silence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Let that sink in. Climate models and carbon budgets, paraded as settled science by every bureaucrat, green politician, and eco-apocalyptic influencer on Earth, have been built on the foundational assumption that riverine CO2 is part of a contemporary, short-term biosphere loop. Turns out, they\u2019ve been routing old ghosts through a new story.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":288500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691835867,691819835,691829997,691818056,691818153,691826963,691835866,691828757,691820694],"class_list":["post-383506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-carbon-budget","tag-carbon-cycle","tag-carbon-dioxide-co","tag-climate-change","tag-climate-models","tag-methane-ch4","tag-nature-study","tag-rivers","tag-settled-science","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2000px-carbon_cycle-cute_diagram.svg_.png?fit=2000%2C1544&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1BLA","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":383743,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=383743","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":0},"title":"The Carbon Isotope Fingerprint Just Got Smudged \u2013 and I Owe Some of You an Apology","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/19\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In light of the recent\u00a0Nature\u00a0study, I discussed yesterday in\u00a0Settled Science Springs a Leak, it\u2019s time to revisit a position I\u2019ve long held\u2014and, it turns out, one that now requires correction. Specifically, the long-standing assumption that carbon isotope ratios (\u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C and \u0394\u00b9\u2074C) provide unambiguous proof that the rise in atmospheric CO2\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/0ChatGPT-Image-19.-Juni-2025-16_27_21.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/0ChatGPT-Image-19.-Juni-2025-16_27_21.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/0ChatGPT-Image-19.-Juni-2025-16_27_21.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/0ChatGPT-Image-19.-Juni-2025-16_27_21.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/0ChatGPT-Image-19.-Juni-2025-16_27_21.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":350078,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350078","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":1},"title":"For the second time in a week, climate scientists surprised with an increased CO2 absorption mechanism.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/04\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"From the \u201cBut the science was settled!\u201d department. Now, hot on the heels of that one, another underestimated CO\u2082 absorption has been found:\u00a0New Study Reveals Oceans Absorb More CO2 Than Previously Thought.","rel":"","context":"In \"Absorption by Terrestrial Plants\"","block_context":{"text":"Absorption by Terrestrial Plants","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=absorption-by-terrestrial-plants"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0CO2.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0CO2.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0CO2.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0CO2.jpg?fit=1024%2C719&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":349548,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=349548","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":2},"title":"Oops, Science Was \u201cSettled\u201d\u2014Until It Wasn\u2019t: Plants Absorb 31% More CO\u2082 Than We Thought","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/30\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"A new study reveals that plants have been absorbing 31% more CO\u2082 than previously believed. Yes, 31%\u2014a glaring error that casts serious doubt on climate models, emissions scenarios, and policy prescriptions like Net Zero. For years, we were told that the \u201cscience was settled,\u201d and that urgent action was needed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/0100363520735-web-tete-1024x576.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/0100363520735-web-tete-1024x576.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/0100363520735-web-tete-1024x576.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/0100363520735-web-tete-1024x576.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":385202,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=385202","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":3},"title":"Under-Reported \u201cOld\u201d Carbon is Not the Source of Increases in Atmospheric CO2","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/26\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"A\u00a0recent paper\u00a0published in the Journal Nature by Dean et al. provides an interesting and compelling argument that a significant source of atmospheric CO2\u00a0has been underestimated by carbon budget models. The study,\u00a0Old carbon routed from land to the atmosphere by global river systems\u00a0looks at the origin of the CO2\u00a0released by river\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":317206,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=317206","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":4},"title":"New Paper Finds Effect of Human-Caused Carbon Emissions on Climate is \u201cNon-Discernible\u201d","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/10\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Every now and then, a giant of modern science should be allowed to express himself in language that we all understand. In the informative\u00a0Climate: The Movie, the 2022 Nobel physics laureate Dr. John Clauser thundered: \u201cI assert there is no connection whatsoever between climate change and CO2\u00a0\u2013 it\u2019s all a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"climate alarmism\"","block_context":{"text":"climate alarmism","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-alarmism"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Screenshot-2024-04-08-at-00.35.09.jpeg?fit=1200%2C612&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Screenshot-2024-04-08-at-00.35.09.jpeg?fit=1200%2C612&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Screenshot-2024-04-08-at-00.35.09.jpeg?fit=1200%2C612&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Screenshot-2024-04-08-at-00.35.09.jpeg?fit=1200%2C612&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Screenshot-2024-04-08-at-00.35.09.jpeg?fit=1200%2C612&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":425713,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=425713","url_meta":{"origin":383506,"position":5},"title":"Why Climate Science Is Not Settled","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/11\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The repeated claim that climate science is \u201csettled\u201d overlooks myriad uncertainties, competing mechanisms and computer models that miss the mark when tested against reality. Declaring finality in such a field reflects political confidence \u2013 even arrogance \u2013 not scientific maturity.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0AQMo1XGaeQQcNFE7By8rnPg2DNNGMScVl1vVPSO_bcfDjpgXqH50qmO0sNT-vTTt1qubDzE1c81-1PwiikFx2JImFd5V-Broaz0Ned3qGafLbkvT3WyK9-WII07-Vody-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0AQMo1XGaeQQcNFE7By8rnPg2DNNGMScVl1vVPSO_bcfDjpgXqH50qmO0sNT-vTTt1qubDzE1c81-1PwiikFx2JImFd5V-Broaz0Ned3qGafLbkvT3WyK9-WII07-Vody-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0AQMo1XGaeQQcNFE7By8rnPg2DNNGMScVl1vVPSO_bcfDjpgXqH50qmO0sNT-vTTt1qubDzE1c81-1PwiikFx2JImFd5V-Broaz0Ned3qGafLbkvT3WyK9-WII07-Vody-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0AQMo1XGaeQQcNFE7By8rnPg2DNNGMScVl1vVPSO_bcfDjpgXqH50qmO0sNT-vTTt1qubDzE1c81-1PwiikFx2JImFd5V-Broaz0Ned3qGafLbkvT3WyK9-WII07-Vody-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/0AQMo1XGaeQQcNFE7By8rnPg2DNNGMScVl1vVPSO_bcfDjpgXqH50qmO0sNT-vTTt1qubDzE1c81-1PwiikFx2JImFd5V-Broaz0Ned3qGafLbkvT3WyK9-WII07-Vody-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=383506"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383513,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383506\/revisions\/383513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/288500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=383506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=383506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=383506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}