{"id":368744,"date":"2025-03-05T10:02:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T09:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=368744"},"modified":"2025-03-05T10:02:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T09:02:48","slug":"ir-active-gases-h2o-potent-co2-feeble","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=368744","title":{"rendered":"IR-Active Gases: H2O Potent, CO2\u00a0Feeble"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"420\" data-attachment-id=\"368746\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368746\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?fit=1406%2C817&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1406,817\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?fit=723%2C420&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?resize=723%2C420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?resize=1024%2C595&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?resize=300%2C174&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?resize=768%2C446&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?resize=1200%2C697&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?w=1406&amp;ssl=1 1406w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/2025\/03\/04\/ir-active-gases-h2o-potent-co2-feeble\/\">Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/author\/ronaldrc\/\">Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of ,SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-2d811435-dd24-4919-8e79-2e566e174a2b\" href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024.pdf\">,SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-2d811435-dd24-4919-8e79-2e566e174a2b\">Herunterladen<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Demetris Koutsoyiannis published this paper in November 2024&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/scienceofclimatechange.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/SCC-Koutsoyiannis-DogTail-Nov-2024.pdf\"><strong>Relative importance of carbon dioxide and water in the greenhouse effect: Does the tail wag the dog?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Excerpts in italics with my bolds and added images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Using a detailed atmospheric radiative transfer model, we derive macroscopic relationships of downwelling and outgoing longwave radiation<\/strong>\u00a0which enable determining the partial derivatives thereof with respect to the explanatory variables that represent the greenhouse gases. We\u00a0<strong>validate<\/strong>\u00a0these macroscopic relationships using empirical formulae\u00a0<strong>based on downwelling radiation data,<\/strong>\u00a0commonly used in hydrology,\u00a0<strong>and satellite data for the outgoing radiation.<\/strong>\u00a0We use the relationships and their partial derivatives to infer the\u00a0<strong>relative importance of carbon dioxide and water vapor<\/strong>\u00a0in the greenhouse effect.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The results show that the contribution of<strong>&nbsp;CO\u2082 is 4% \u2013 5%, while water and clouds dominate with a contribution of 87% \u2013 95%.<\/strong>&nbsp;The minor effect of carbon dioxide is confirmed by the small, non-discernible effect of the&nbsp;<strong>recent escalation of<\/strong>&nbsp;atmospheric<strong>&nbsp;CO\u2082<\/strong>&nbsp;concentration from&nbsp;<strong>300 to 420 ppm.<\/strong>&nbsp;This effect is quantified at<strong>&nbsp;0.5% for both downwelling and outgoing radiation<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>Water and clouds also<\/strong>&nbsp;perform other important functions in climate, such as<strong>&nbsp;regulating heat storage and albedo<\/strong>, as well as cooling the Earth\u2019s surface through<strong>&nbsp;latent heat transfer,<\/strong>&nbsp;contributing 50%. By&nbsp;<strong>confirming the major role of water on climate,<\/strong>&nbsp;these results suggest that hydrology should have a more prominent and more active role in climate research.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/R_uq5Bh8UJ8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Robin Horsley draws the implications from this and other recent papers.&nbsp; Transcript in italics with my bolds and added images.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For decades,<strong>&nbsp;we\u2019ve been told that human generated CO2 emissions are the single most dangerous threat to our planet<\/strong>. Politicians, celebrities, and the mainstream media have united to amplify this alarm, warning of an impending climate catastrophe unless we act now.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"385\" height=\"311\" data-attachment-id=\"368749\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368749\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-170.png?fit=385%2C311&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"385,311\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-170.png?fit=385%2C311&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-170.png?resize=385%2C311&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-170.png?w=385&amp;ssl=1 385w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-170.png?resize=300%2C242&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>But what if the story\u2019s wrong?<\/strong>\u00a0What if the very foundation of the theory, the idea that CO2 is the principal driver of global warming, is flawed? What if the science we\u2019ve been told is settled is actually far from settled?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This week I\u2019ve been digging into this very provocative question looking at an extremely interesting recent report on the subject. And what I found might make you rethink a lot of what you thought you knew about climate change.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>What If Everything You Thought About CO2 Was Wrong<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For years&nbsp;<strong>we\u2019ve been fed a simple story: Humans burn fossil fuels, releasing carbon dioxide \u2013 CO2 \u2013 Into the atmosphere.<\/strong>&nbsp;CO2 traps heat causing the planet to warm. The Greenhouse Effect as it\u2019s known. The solution? Reduce CO2 to save the planet. But&nbsp;<strong>what if this narrative is overly simplistic or even fundamentally wrong?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>At the recent international\u00a0<strong>Clintel science conference<\/strong>\u00a0in Prague leading climate experts gathered<strong>\u00a0to<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>scrutinise the dominant narratives around climate change<\/strong>. One of the most striking contributions came from<strong>\u00a0Professor Demetris Koutsoyiannis,<\/strong>\u00a0a highly regarded climate scientist from the University of Athens. His<strong>\u00a0research challenges the very core of our understanding of CO2\u2019s role in the climate system.<\/strong>\u00a0Professor Koutsoyiannis presented groundbreaking findings that question the long-held belief that rising CO2 levels cause global temperatures to increase.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"600\" data-attachment-id=\"368751\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368751\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?fit=1039%2C862&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1039,862\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?fit=723%2C600&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?resize=723%2C600&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?resize=1024%2C850&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?resize=300%2C249&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?resize=768%2C637&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-171.png?w=1039&amp;ssl=1 1039w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u25ba Changes in global atmospheric CO2 are lagging 11\u201312 months behind changes in global sea surface temperature. \u25ba Changes in global atmospheric CO2 are lagging 9.5\u201310 months behind changes in global air surface temperature. \u25ba Changes in global atmospheric CO2 are lagging about 9 months behind changes in global lower troposphere temperature. \u25ba Changes in ocean temperatures explain a substantial part of the observed changes in atmospheric CO2 since January 1980. \u25ba Changes in atmospheric CO2 are not tracking changes in human emissions.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Instead, his research suggests\u00a0<strong>it\u2019s the other way around. Global temperature increases drive higher atmospheric CO2 levels.<\/strong>\u00a0This isn\u2019t an entirely new idea. For decades, scientists like Dr. Patrick Moore, a co-founder of Greenpeace have pointed to evidence showing that historically rises in CO2 levels have followed, not preceeded, global temperature increases. Ice core data, spanning millions of years, apparently supports this claim.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"494\" data-attachment-id=\"368752\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368752\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?fit=873%2C597&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"873,597\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?fit=723%2C494&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?resize=723%2C494&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?w=873&amp;ssl=1 873w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?resize=300%2C205&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-172.png?resize=768%2C525&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>If true, this challenges the foundation of the mainstream climate narrative.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Why would rising temperatures cause an increase in CO2<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>But why would rising temperatures cause an increase in CO2 levels? Professor Koutsoyiannis explains that&nbsp;<strong>when temperatures rise, the natural world responds<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>Plants and oceans release more CO2<\/strong>&nbsp;than they otherwise would. Warmer temperatures lead to a thriving environment.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"511\" data-attachment-id=\"368754\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368754\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?fit=1500%2C1060&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1500,1060\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?fit=723%2C511&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?resize=723%2C511&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?resize=1024%2C724&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?resize=300%2C212&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?resize=768%2C543&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?resize=1200%2C848&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-173.png?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Now, I think this needs<strong>\u00a0some explanation<\/strong>, because plants absorb CO2 and produce oxygen. Not release CO2, don\u2019t they? Well, yes, plants sustain themselves and grow through the\u00a0<strong>process of photosynthesis,<\/strong>\u00a0which turns sunlight, water and CO2, which plants absorb, into glucose which enables plants to grow, and which produces oxygen as a by-product which we and animals need to breathe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"393\" data-attachment-id=\"368755\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368755\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?fit=3193%2C1735&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3193,1735\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?fit=723%2C393&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=723%2C393&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=1024%2C556&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=300%2C163&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=768%2C417&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=1536%2C835&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=2048%2C1113&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?resize=1200%2C652&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-174.png?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 22. Annual carbon balance in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, in Gt C\/year, based on the IPCC estimates (Figure 5.12 of [30]). The balance of 5.1 Gt C\/year is the annual accumulation of carbon (in the form of CO2) in the atmosphere (reproduced from [5].).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>However, Plants also release CO2 as part of a<strong>\u00a0process known as cellular respiration<\/strong>\u00a0during the day, and particularly at night, when due to a lack of sunlight, photosynthesis cannot occur. On balance photosynthesis typically outweighs respiration. So,\u00a0<strong>living plants typically absorb more CO2<\/strong>\u00a0than they release. But\u00a0<strong>when that increasing number of plants die and decompose<\/strong>, micro-organisms break down the organic matter<strong>\u00a0releasing retained CO2<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Oceans also release CO2 into the atmosphere when the water is warmer than the surrounding air.&nbsp;<strong>Warmer water holds less dissolved CO2.<\/strong>&nbsp;These natural processes account for the majority of CO2 emissions.<\/em><br><em>In fact, Koutsoyiannis argues that Nature contributes 96% of CO2 emissions leaving just 4% attributable to human activity.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"601\" height=\"338\" data-attachment-id=\"368758\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368758\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-176.png?fit=601%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"601,338\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-176.png?fit=601%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-176.png?resize=601%2C338&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-176.png?w=601&amp;ssl=1 601w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-176.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Nature contributes 96% of CO2 emissions<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Yes, burning fossil fuels adds CO2 to the atmosphere. However, the professor\u2019s research suggests that human contributions are a mere drop in the ocean compared to natural emissions. Crucially, his data shows that the dominant greenhouse gases aren\u2019t CO2. But water vapor and clouds. CO2, it seems, plays a much smaller role than we\u2019ve been led to believe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Additionally, the study challenges the claim that CO2 lingers in the atmosphere for thousands of years. Instead, it finds that CO2 is rapidly cycled through the atmosphere oceans and land with an average cycle of just 4 years.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"353\" data-attachment-id=\"368759\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368759\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?fit=1465%2C716&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1465,716\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?fit=723%2C353&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?resize=723%2C353&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?resize=1024%2C500&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?resize=300%2C147&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?resize=768%2C375&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?resize=1200%2C586&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-177.png?w=1465&amp;ssl=1 1465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Figure 26: Contribution of (left) the three mechanisms responsible for the cooling of Earth\u2019s surface and (right) the four mechanisms responsible for the warming of Earth\u2019s atmosphere, based on the global energy balance by Trenberth et al. (2009). Koutsoyiannis (2024)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The paper also concludes based on the data gathered over the last hundred years, when the amounts of&nbsp;<strong>CO2<\/strong>&nbsp;in the atmosphere<strong>&nbsp;increased from<\/strong>&nbsp;around&nbsp;<strong>300 parts per million to just over 400 parts per million<\/strong>, that this increase has had&nbsp;<strong>no discernible effect<\/strong>&nbsp;on the greenhouse effect. It\u2019s that small a factor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>If this research is accurate, it doesn\u2019t mean climate change isn\u2019t real. But it does suggest we need a better understanding of what drives it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"484\" data-attachment-id=\"368761\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368761\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?fit=823%2C551&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"823,551\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?fit=723%2C484&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?resize=723%2C484&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?w=823&amp;ssl=1 823w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?resize=300%2C201&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-178.png?resize=768%2C514&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The professor asks a number of pertinent unanswered questions at the end of his paper. The earth is currently, when viewed over hundreds of millions of years, going through a relatively cool period. What caused the&nbsp;<strong>huge increases in earth\u2019s temperature in the past?<\/strong>&nbsp;The professor asks.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>It wasn\u2019t industrialisation,<\/strong>&nbsp;was it? These are crucial questions especially as Governments implement sweeping policies in the name of achieving net zero emissions by 2050.&nbsp; Policies that impact everything from energy prices to housing and transportation. Even the food that we eat.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"456\" data-attachment-id=\"368763\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368763\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-179.png?fit=736%2C464&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"736,464\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-179.png?fit=723%2C456&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-179.png?resize=723%2C456&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368763\" style=\"width:760px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-179.png?w=736&amp;ssl=1 736w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-179.png?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The global cost of the Net Zero 2050 agenda is projected to be between $100 and $150 trillion dollars by 2050. Meanwhile, the world bank estimates that eradicating extreme poverty globally would cost just three to four trillion.\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Universal health care and education, defeating diseases such as malaria on a global basis would cost less.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"862\" data-attachment-id=\"368764\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368764\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?fit=839%2C1000&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"839,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?fit=723%2C862&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?resize=723%2C862&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?w=839&amp;ssl=1 839w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?resize=252%2C300&amp;ssl=1 252w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-180.png?resize=768%2C915&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>What if we\u2019re funding trillions into solving something that isn\u2019t actually the main source of the problem? What if we should be spending more on other things that can limit global warming? What if we should instead be spending more money on mitigating the effects rather than trying to prevent it?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Shouldn\u2019t we<strong>&nbsp;demand more scrutiny of the science<\/strong>&nbsp;driving these decisions? Could it be that the climate crisis narrative isn\u2019t just about science but also about power, control and profit? Entire industries are heavily invested in the CO2 narrative. And millions of people, and much of the mainstream media are emotionally invested in the quest to reduce CO2 to save the planet.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>But is that what we\u2019re actually doing? Science thrives on debate and scrutiny. Science is never settled as such. It\u2019s constantly evolving, particularly in complex areas such as global climate. Yet the<strong>&nbsp;CO2 science on which we\u2019re proceeding is decades old, and many of the models on which it is based have failed to make accurate predictions.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"329\" data-attachment-id=\"368767\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368767\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-182.png?fit=500%2C329&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,329\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-182.png?fit=500%2C329&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-182.png?resize=500%2C329&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-182.png?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-182.png?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Yet those who challenge the mainstream climate narrative are often dismissed as \u2018deniers\u2019 or attacked personally. But shouldn\u2019t the truth welcome scrutiny? Shouldn\u2019t we&nbsp;<strong>demand transparency and evidence that can stand up to rigorous examination?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This isn\u2019t about denying climate change. It\u2019s about\u00a0<strong>questioning whether we\u2019re focusing on the right solutions.<\/strong>\u00a0As more scientists speak out, surely, it\u2019s time to demand open debate. And consider whether the trillions we\u2019re spending on Net Zero might be better used elsewhere.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Now, I\u2019m not a climate scientist. Perhaps this report is flawed. Perhaps it is complete nonsense even. But the professor who wrote it is not the only one who\u2019s pointing out the first fundamental point that<strong>&nbsp;the mainstream narrative is fundamentally wrong,<\/strong>&nbsp;that by burning fossil fuels we\u2019re producing CO2 that is warming the planet.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"306\" data-attachment-id=\"368768\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368768\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?fit=1490%2C632&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1490,632\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?fit=723%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?resize=723%2C306&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?resize=1024%2C434&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?resize=300%2C127&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?resize=768%2C326&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?resize=1200%2C509&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-183.png?w=1490&amp;ssl=1 1490w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>An increasing number of others are breaking ranks and saying exactly the same thing. That increasing CO2 is largely a consequence of increasing global temperatures not the cause. Yet we\u2019re told that we\u2019re facing a climate emergency. We must cast aside all caution. We must listen to Greta Thunberg, the climate change messiah.<a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/happer-co2-quote.png\"><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"404\" data-attachment-id=\"368770\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=368770\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?fit=540%2C404&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"540,404\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?fit=540%2C404&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?resize=540%2C404&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-368770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?w=540&amp;ssl=1 540w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-185.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>To ask questions is heresy! Really? What do you think?&nbsp;<strong>Should we blindly follow<\/strong>&nbsp;the mainstream narrative,&nbsp;<strong>or should we dig deeper and ask tougher questions?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;Please let me know your thoughts in the comments below. Thank you for watching.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>See Also:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-science-matters wp-block-embed-science-matters\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TpXlJRpz9b\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/2024\/03\/20\/humans-add-little-to-rising-co2-march-2024\/\">Humans Add Little to Rising CO2 March&nbsp;2024<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Humans Add Little to Rising CO2 March&nbsp;2024&#8221; &#8212; Science Matters\" src=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/2024\/03\/20\/humans-add-little-to-rising-co2-march-2024\/embed\/#?secret=sDrbqPIgGV#?secret=TpXlJRpz9b\" data-secret=\"TpXlJRpz9b\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Using a detailed atmospheric radiative transfer model, we derive macroscopic relationships of downwelling and outgoing longwave radiation\u00a0which enable determining the partial derivatives thereof with respect to the explanatory variables that represent the greenhouse gases. We\u00a0validate\u00a0these macroscopic relationships using empirical formulae\u00a0based on downwelling radiation data,\u00a0commonly used in hydrology,\u00a0and satellite data for the outgoing radiation.\u00a0We use the relationships and their partial derivatives to infer the\u00a0relative importance of carbon dioxide and water vapor\u00a0in the greenhouse effect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":368746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691829997,691818056,691818087,691818296,691819660,691822277],"class_list":["post-368744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-carbon-dioxide-co","tag-climate-change","tag-global-warming","tag-greenhouse-effect","tag-photosynthesis","tag-water-vapor-wv","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1xVu","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":350651,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350651","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":0},"title":"Relative importance of carbon dioxide and water in the greenhouse effect: Does the tail wag the dog?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/08\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In his paper,\u00a0\u201cRelative Importance of Carbon Dioxide and Water in the Greenhouse Effect: Does the Tail Wag the Dog?\u201d, Demetris Koutsoyiannis explores the greenhouse effect\u2019s primary drivers, positing that water vapor and clouds vastly overshadow carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) in terms of their contribution.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-clouds-on-the-sky.jpeg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-clouds-on-the-sky.jpeg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-clouds-on-the-sky.jpeg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-clouds-on-the-sky.jpeg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0-clouds-on-the-sky.jpeg?fit=1200%2C797&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":351059,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=351059","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":1},"title":"\u00a0New Study: Human Contribution To Enhancement Of Earth\u2019s Greenhouse Effect A Negligible 0.2 Percent","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/13\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201c[T]he contribution of CO2 to the greenhouse effect is 4% \u2013 5%. Human CO2 emissions represent 4% of the total, which means that the total human contribution to the enhancement of the greenhouse effect is 0.16% to 0.20% \u2013 a negligible effect.\u201d \u2013 Dr. Demetris Koutsoyiannis (2024)","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/00AdobeStock_266865139.jpg?fit=1200%2C668&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":363125,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=363125","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":2},"title":"Greenhouse Efficiency Insights","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/23\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Abstract:\u00a0Using the CERES satellite data, it is shown that over the last ~ quarter century, the increase in greenhouse gases has had\u00a0no detectable effect\u00a0on the global average surface temperature. On the contrary, the overall increase in available solar energy after albedo reflections is shown to be sufficient to explain the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Clouds\"","block_context":{"text":"Clouds","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=clouds"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-667.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-667.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-667.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-667.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":369252,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=369252","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":3},"title":"R.I.P. Climate Back\u00a0Radiation","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/10\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In connection with the greenhouse\u00a0effect,\u00a0the\u00a0second law of Thermodynamics\u00a0is particularly\u00a0interesting. \u00a0There are various equivalent\u00a0formulations for the second law of\u00a0thermodynamics which states that thermal\u00a0energy cannot be completely converted\u00a0into other forms of energy. \u00a0Rudolf\u00a0Clausius\u00a0was the first to formulate the\u00a0second\u00a0law in the form that heat does not flow\u00a0spontaneously from cold to hot\u00a0bodies.\u00a0\u00a0Later in 1865\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0bg-05.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0bg-05.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0bg-05.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0bg-05.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0bg-05.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":336026,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=336026","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":4},"title":"New US-EU Methane Rules Won\u2019t Affect Temperatures","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/09\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cBecause of greenhouse gas saturation in the atmosphere, methane regulations across the world will have no measurable effect on global temperatures.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In \"European Union\"","block_context":{"text":"European Union","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=european-union"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/00tpQfQLZwKSxympyfVx3SpA.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/00tpQfQLZwKSxympyfVx3SpA.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/00tpQfQLZwKSxympyfVx3SpA.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/00tpQfQLZwKSxympyfVx3SpA.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/00tpQfQLZwKSxympyfVx3SpA.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":336393,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=336393","url_meta":{"origin":368744,"position":5},"title":"US-EU methane rules won\u2019t meaningfully impact temperatures","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/13\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In March, the US Environmental Protection Agency published new methane emissions regulations for the oil and gas industry. The European Union enacted new rules to reduce methane emissions from the energy sector in May. Agriculture is also being targeted regarding methane. But methane regulations, even if established worldwide, won\u2019t have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"European Union\"","block_context":{"text":"European Union","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=european-union"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0METHANE.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0METHANE.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0METHANE.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0METHANE.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/0METHANE.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/00koutsoyiannis-ghgs-lw-impact.png?fit=1406%2C817&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=368744"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":368775,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368744\/revisions\/368775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/368746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=368744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=368744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=368744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}