{"id":353225,"date":"2024-12-04T17:22:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T16:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=353225"},"modified":"2024-12-04T17:22:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T16:22:24","slug":"fencing-with-fusion-the-holy-grail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=353225","title":{"rendered":"Fencing with fusion: The holy grail"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"376\" data-attachment-id=\"353226\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=353226\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?fit=2560%2C1333&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1333\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?fit=723%2C376&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=723%2C376&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-353226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C533&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=300%2C156&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=2048%2C1066&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C625&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfact.org\/2024\/12\/03\/fencing-with-fusion-the-holy-grail\/\">CFACT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfact.org\/author\/duggan\/\">Duggan Flanakin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a recent article in&nbsp;<em>The Engineer<\/em>, Jim Pickles, Tokamak Energy\u2019s chief of material,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theengineer.co.uk\/content\/opinion\/accelerating-our-understanding-of-materials-for-fusion-is-key-to-the-energy-transition?mc_cid=f61ef6deb5\">predicted that<\/a>&nbsp;artificial intelligence will&nbsp;<em>soon<\/em>&nbsp;enable the creation of a new materials database that will save millions of dollars and cut years off the global quest for clean, secure, and affordable fusion energy \u2013 the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/technology\/scientists-announce-major-breakthrough-on-journey-to-harness-holy-grail-energy-source-leveraging-our-world-class-capabilities-and-hundreds-of-subject-experts\/ar-AA1up2Wc?ocid=BingNewsSerp\">Holy Grail<\/a>&nbsp;of energy production that could mean an endless supply of emissions free energy to power the planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That, says Pickles, was the message at the 29<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Council of the Parties (COP29) in Azerbaijan. The world, we are told, is&nbsp;<em>so much closer<\/em>&nbsp;to replicating the energy of the Sun itself \u2013 and in the process meet rapidly growing demand for affordable energy and also mitigate climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While fusion development to many still sounds like science fiction \u2013 plasma temperatures reaching temperatures hotter than the sun\u2019s core (as much as 10 times hotter) \u2013 it is, according to&nbsp;<em>The Engineer<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>fast becoming<\/em>&nbsp;the wave of the future thanks to worldwide collaborations and bold powerplant programs in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan (China has its own fusion program, as well).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe world needs fusion,\u201d says the magazine, \u201cand fusion needs teams around the world working together on solving big challenges.\u201d Recent breakthroughs, they believe, show that fusion energy is no longer science fiction but could begin contributing to national energy grids by the 2030s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The enthusiasm for fusion\u2019s fast becoming&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/technology\/energy-company-claims-its-new-fusion-technology-can-power-a-major-us-city-using-just-three-soda-cans-worth-of-fuel\/ar-AA1uG8ol\">commercial is shared<\/a>&nbsp;by Focused Energy CEO Scott Mercer. The San Francisco-based German-American startup, which is planning a $65 millino facility to build lasers, has a goal of powering the entire city of San Francisco with \u201cthree soda cans\u201d worth of fusion fuel per day \u2013 and, with fusion, there is no radioactive waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Mercer sees it, \u201cIf humanity\u2019s first foray into energy was the discovery of fire, harnessing fusion will be its culmination. We have the power to harness the universe\u2019s own source of energy within the next decade. And we will all be far better for it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Up in Seattle, Zap Energy co-founder and University of Washington adjunct professor of applied mathematics Uri Shumiak has raised more than $330 million from investors and has a 150-person team working to deliver fusion energy to civilization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Zap Energy team is experimenting with its fusion reactor (called FuZE-Q) to try to produce a positive fusion energy output \u2013 the fundamental challenge fusion scientists everywhere are trying to achieve. The company\u2019s claim to fame is its new prototype Century device, which relies on a sheared-flow-stabilized Z pinch rather than magnets, cryogenics, or lasers to achieve fusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z-pinch fusion, a phenomenon in which electromagnetic fields are so strong they compress matter together, has been around since the 1950s but had been deemed ineffective because the plasma created fizzled out incredibly quickly. Zap claims that its sheared-flow stabilization extends the lifespan of the plasma produced almost indefinitely, allowing it to generate energy as long as needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Matthew C. Thompson, Zap\u2019s vice president of systems engineering,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/energy\/us-firm-nuclear-fusion-device-prototype\">explains that<\/a>&nbsp;the company\u2019s approach is pulsed so that it will \u201crun like an internal combustion engine with cylinders firing all day long to produce steady energy output.\u201d This, he added, generates large neutron flux and heat loads in the system \u2013 the energy output much desired. The Century device, he says, will test assumptions and define the best path toward commercialization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Down in Georgia, Tokamak Energy&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energylivenews.com\/2024\/10\/15\/fusion-energy-pilot-plant-unveiled\/?mc_cid=38eb1b29b3\">has revealed<\/a>&nbsp;the first design details of its high-field spherical tokamak, a fusion energy pilot plant that is a key participant in the Department of Energy\u2019s milestone-based fusion development program. This competitive program seeks to encourage private companies to advance fusion technology towards practical commercial use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tokamak provided an early look at its operation at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society\u2019s Division of Plasma Physics in Atlanta in October. The Tokamak pilot plant has a goal of generating 800 megawatts of fusion power and delivering 85 MW of net (carbon-free) electricity to more than 70,000 homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, New Zealand-based OpenStar&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.popularmechanics.com\/science\/a62991144\/new-fusion-reactor-sphere\/\">now claims<\/a>&nbsp;to be pursuing \u201cthe only viable path\u201d to producing energy using nuclear fusion in the near future. The company is relying on a unusual reactor design it calls Junior, which is based on decades-old experiments at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most fusion researchers are relying on a donut-shaped (toroidal) tokamak reactor chamber, where a stream of plasma is held in place (away from its walls) by electromagnets. If they fail to keep the plasma condensed enough to encourage the charged atoms to fuse, or allow the superheated plasma to touch the tokamak walls, there will be no energy produced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OpenStar, by contrast, uses one central magnet and an overall spherical shape. The lone magnet must be a superconductor and chilled to near absolute zero using ongoing and expensive equipment. OpenStar says its magnet will include batteries in order to extend its functional life while operating in the midst of a plasma stream that reaches over 100 million degrees Celsius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For over a century, scientists have predicted that \u201cFusion is 30 years away from reality.\u201d OpenStar now claims fusion is just six years away, \u201cand we\u2019re racing against the clock.\u201d But&nbsp;<em>Popular Mechanics<\/em>&nbsp;writer Caroline Delbert is not that confident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some fusion programs around the world, she notes, have decades of iteration under their belts, notably the ITER project, Europe\u2019s global-minded and grand-scale tokamak. Yet&nbsp;<em>Scientific American<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/worlds-largest-fusion-project-is-in-big-trouble-new-documents-reveal\/\">in June 2023<\/a>&nbsp;said ITER was already \u201cbillions of dollars over budget and decades behind schedule\u201d and with no vision as to how much more money and time it would require to achieve its goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Delbert says that the \u201cstrange dynamic\u201d within proprietary and venture-funded fusion research, with its predictions of free energy tomorrow, is belied by one simple truth: \u201cAfter 100 years of thought and 70 years of hands-on design work, how to heat the plasma enough is still a \u2018core hurdle\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maybe that\u2019s why Zap\u2019s Shumiak says, \u201cWe fusion researchers sometimes feel like medieval cathedral builders. You may never see the finished product, but nevertheless, you know you\u2019re doing something great and beautiful [simply by advancing the science].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article originally appeared at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.realclearenergy.org\/articles\/2024\/12\/02\/fencing_with_fusion_the_holy_grail_1075810.html\">Real Clear Energy<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a recent article in The Engineer, Jim Pickles, Tokamak Energy\u2019s chief of material, predicted that artificial intelligence will soon enable the creation of a new materials database that will save millions of dollars and cut years off the global quest for clean, secure, and affordable fusion energy \u2013 the Holy Grail of energy production that could mean an endless supply of emissions free energy to power the planet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":353226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691831822,691831820,691831821,691822666],"class_list":{"0":"post-353225","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-free-electricity-2","9":"tag-29th-council-of-the-parties-cop29-in-azerbaijan","10":"tag-american-physical-societys-division-of-plasma-physics","11":"tag-artificial-intelligence-ai","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0Young-scientist-nuclear-atom-scaled-1.jpg?fit=2560%2C1333&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1tTb","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":389235,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=389235","url_meta":{"origin":353225,"position":0},"title":"The Fusion Race Heats Up","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"17\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Nobody is saying it, but the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning may be springboarding the increased intensity of the competition for nuclear fusion \u2013 which many are now saying is far less than \u201c30 years away.\u201d The burning question among the few who are fully aware of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"(REBCO) superconductors\"","block_context":{"text":"(REBCO) superconductors","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=rebco-superconductors"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00quantum-nuclear-fusion4-81.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00quantum-nuclear-fusion4-81.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00quantum-nuclear-fusion4-81.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00quantum-nuclear-fusion4-81.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/00quantum-nuclear-fusion4-81.webp?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":378791,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=378791","url_meta":{"origin":353225,"position":1},"title":"Will Nuclear Fusion Soon Be the \u201cNorm?\u201d","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/05\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The dream of humanity to imitate the forces that created their habitat has been alive for at least as far back as the time when humans with a single language decided to build a city with a tower that reached the heavens. For such a people, \u201cnothing they plan will\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"ITER project\"","block_context":{"text":"ITER project","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=iter-project"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/02422833.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/02422833.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/02422833.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/02422833.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/02422833.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236151,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=236151","url_meta":{"origin":353225,"position":2},"title":"DOE Offers $33 Million to Fund a Credible AI Fusion Proposal","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/12\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"So the DOE is offering money to AI researchers, in the hope that the magic of AI can help make the magic of nuclear fusion a\u00a0reality.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-800.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-800.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-800.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-800.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/image-800.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":390128,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390128","url_meta":{"origin":353225,"position":3},"title":"Mad Miliband: \u201cThe future of [nuclear] fusion energy starts now\u201d","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Apparently, all you need to do to ensure \u201cthe creation of highly skilled jobs and driving growth into our industrial heartlands\u201d is to create planning guidelines for nuclear fusion plants.","rel":"","context":"In \"clean energy jobs\"","block_context":{"text":"clean energy jobs","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=clean-energy-jobs"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQPerHIO-8CNWqosa8JatiEs5bLgweA8O6uwleP3fgHvqFI9n69-FzrSEGHTMEgdd6FOqYRTY7UlhtPDQkTx8QyHL0kIotVZr07nFeBL4QsFALxgCDWa1wJxQHtvgPu6jX3udC0tIer_tUBTgMDGH0p3LgMsbw-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQPerHIO-8CNWqosa8JatiEs5bLgweA8O6uwleP3fgHvqFI9n69-FzrSEGHTMEgdd6FOqYRTY7UlhtPDQkTx8QyHL0kIotVZr07nFeBL4QsFALxgCDWa1wJxQHtvgPu6jX3udC0tIer_tUBTgMDGH0p3LgMsbw-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQPerHIO-8CNWqosa8JatiEs5bLgweA8O6uwleP3fgHvqFI9n69-FzrSEGHTMEgdd6FOqYRTY7UlhtPDQkTx8QyHL0kIotVZr07nFeBL4QsFALxgCDWa1wJxQHtvgPu6jX3udC0tIer_tUBTgMDGH0p3LgMsbw-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, 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