{"id":353156,"date":"2024-12-04T08:33:39","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T07:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=353156"},"modified":"2024-12-04T08:35:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T07:35:39","slug":"co2-not-a-threat-but-greatly-benefits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=353156","title":{"rendered":"CO2 Not a Threat, But Greatly\u00a0Benefits"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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From Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Beware false and misleading Cartoons.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

First, a plain language scientific explanation is in this article: THE BENEFITS OF CO2 \u2013 PART 2: CO2 does not cause global warming<\/strong><\/a>.  By Teri Ciccone.  Excerpts in italics with my bolds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

THE BENEFITS OF CO2 \u2013 PART 2: CO2 does not cause global warming<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Abstract:<\/strong>\u00a0Climate alarmists, the press\/media, and politicians say we must achieve net zero CO2 by 2050 to avoid catastrophic global warming.\u00a0In reality, all humanity and all life on Earth benefit from the increased atmospheric CO2 and the slight temperature increase.<\/strong>\u00a0In Part 1, we presented scientific arguments to show how increased CO2, and warmer temperatures benefit humanity and all life on Earth. In Part 2, we discuss why a growing number of\u00a0independent scientists and engineers argue that CO2 does not cause any measurable global warming<\/strong>. Part 3 will present how and why increased CO2 does not cause extreme climate\/weather conditions. in the concluding Part 4 we present recommendations for policymakers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction:\u00a0<\/strong>In this study, we set out facts and scientific principles consistent with established\u00a0laws of physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics to state that greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the\u00a0greenhouse effect (GHE) do not measurably warm the Earth. The concept that it does is at best a\u00a0100-year-old myth. The absorption and re-emission of longwave infrared radiation from the Earth\u2019s\u00a0surface does not cause any measurable warming of the Earth. It also raises the particular concern\u00a0that the\u00a0UN IPCC and NASA\/NOAA do not address all of the sources of heat that warm the Earth.\u00a0Nor<\/strong>\u00a0consider the\u00a0many natural forces and cycles<\/strong>\u00a0that cause weather and climate variations that\u00a0operate at the Astronomical, Endo-Earth, and Bio-Earth levels. Their well-published and promoted\u00a0Earth Energy Budget needs serious revisions or to be discarded.\u00a0Two main concepts describe atmospheric physics and thermodynamics,<\/strong>\u00a0and each plays a vital role\u00a0in understanding how the Sun warms the Earth and how the Earth cools. The first is the\u00a0Radiative\u00a0Transfer Concept (RTC)<\/strong>\u00a0and the second is the\u00a0Heat Transport Concept (HTC)<\/strong>. They are both\u00a0important and both need to be studied to fully understand our weather and climate systems. RTC\u00a0needs an understanding of quantum physics, radiation, photons, absorption\/emissions, etc. HTC\u00a0needs an understanding of the more mundane science of atmospheric thermodynamics, convection,\u00a0latent heat, conduction, evaporation-condensation, air and ocean circulations, etc.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Radiation Transfer Concept-RTC.<\/strong>\u00a0The Sun provides most of the energyneeded to warm the Earth to a\u00a0comfortable and sustainable level for\u00a0all life.\u00a0Solar radiation (photons<\/strong>)\u00a0readily crosses the vacuum of space\u00a0and arrives at Earth\u2019s Top Of\u00a0Atmosphere (TOA) at the speed of\u00a0light. We see a simplified\u00a0conceptual\u00a0model<\/strong>\u00a0of this radiation in\u00a0Figure 1,\u00a0showing the wavelength\/\u00a0frequency, amplitude, and direction of\u00a0propagation.<\/strong>\u00a0These electromagnetic\u00a0energy rays are emitted over a broad\u00a0set of vibrational\u00a0frequencies, spanning 20 orders of magnitude, called the spectrum<\/strong>. This radiant\u00a0energy arrives at TOA at 1,366 W\/m\u00a02\u00a0with an average of\u00a0340 Watts per square meter (W\/m\u00a02) when\u00a0averaged over the spherical world.About\u00a030% of the 340 W\/m\u00a02\u00a0is reflected to space leaving 240\u00a0W\/m\u00a02\u00a0for the Earth.<\/strong>\u00a0There one-third is absorbed by the atmosphere and two-thirds by the surface\u00a0(oceans + lands). The\u00a0high-energy UV radiation warms the air<\/strong>\u00a0mostly by photodissociation and\u00a0photoionization. In this process, the solar radian electromagnetic energy is\u00a0converted to kinetic\u00a0energy, and then to physical heat<\/strong>\u00a0through collisions with air molecules. At the surface, about 67%\u00a0warms and then cools by local physical heat processes like conduction, convection, and latent heat\u00a0and 33% by radiation. Most of this radiation exits directly to space through an \u201catmospheric\u00a0window\u201d at frequencies that are not absorbable by GHGs.\u00a0It\u2019s estimated that\u00a0only about 0.09 W\u00a0of the solar energy absorbed by the surface is radiated through CO2\u00a0<\/strong>the non-water vapor greenhouse\u00a0gasses (GHGs), a trivially small amount.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In essence, the IPCC claims that these greenhouse gasses <\/strong>already contribute about 33 degrees C<\/strong> of temperature to the average global temperature, and it will continue to increase with increased quantities of human-made CO2 \/GHGs. In Summary, the IPCC claim is based on three false assumptions:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) When a photon\u2019s electromagnetic energy is absorbed by CO2 it warms the CO2 molecule with physical heat. This heat is then shared with other air molecules and the atmosphere warms. The energized CO<\/strong>2 <\/strong>molecule will then re-emit a comparable photon<\/strong>, and the process is repeated hundreds\/thousands of times before its heat\/energy finally exits into space.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Half of all the re-emitted photons go upward as described in 1). But half are radiated <\/strong>downward and are re-absorbed by the surface and warm it.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) The Sun provides Earth with only enough energy to give the planet an average global temperature of -18\u00b0C. But measurements tell us that the average global temperature is about 15\u00b0C, therefore they claim that CO<\/strong>2 and the GHE provide the missing 33\u00b0C heat.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Together these concepts allegedly warm the Earth<\/strong> by first converting the photon\u2019s Electromagnetic Energy (EMI) into physical heat, and secondly, this process delays the release of the original photon energy into space allowing heat to accumulate and delaying its exit to space. The details of their false science and the errors<\/strong> in their explanation are provided in this article Revised Why all the fuss with CO2 and the Greenhouse effect<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heat Transport Concept,<\/strong> or HTC is the second step towards what happens to the EMI energy of these photons as they approach the surface. Some will be reflected to space<\/strong>, for example, in Antarctica, nearly 100% is reflected to space by the ice and snow. Some will be scattered<\/strong> in the atmosphere and cause no measurable warming of anything. Most of these photons are visible light and Infrared and are not readily absorbed by the air. Nearly all of these photons are absorbed by the surface, the dense solid matter and liquid part, and warms it. This process of photon absorption by <\/strong>the surface and warming is called thermalization<\/strong> and we now discuss the Heat Transport Concept, or HTC. In general, the atmosphere does not warm the surface because the air is normally cooler than the <\/strong>surface.<\/strong> We know this based on<\/strong> the established atmospheric Temperature Lapse Rates. <\/strong>For example, the dry air lapse rate is 9.8\u00b0C per Km of altitude. This means that the atmospheric temperature cools by 9.8\u00b0C for each kilometre of altitude up to the top of the troposphere. According to the Second Law of thermodynamics heat can only flow from a warmer object to a <\/strong>colder object,<\/strong> never the other way around. The RTC espoused by the UN IPCC violates this Second Law, thereby falsifying their point 2) above. Nitrogen, Oxygen, argon, and water vapor make up more than 99% of the atmosphere. The optical depth, or transparency of the air close to the surface is very opaque. This ensures that almost 100% of resonant Longwave Infrared Radiation (LWIR) photons emitted by the surface will be absorbed <\/strong>by GHGs and immediately thermalized within the first several millimetres of altitude<\/strong>. This means that the resonant photon will be immediately absorbed by a CO2 molecule and become energized. An energized CO2 molecule could spontaneously re-emit the absorbed photon in about half a second as described by the UN IPCC theory. In reality, however, within a millionth\/billionth of a second that energised CO<\/strong>2 <\/strong>molecule will physically collide with a non-GHG molecule.<\/strong> The impact of the collision will heat the non-GHG molecule and de-energize the CO2 molecule. So that initial photon has disappeared, and its electromagnetic energy is changed to physical heat and is dispersed throughout the atmosphere adding a tiny bit of warmth to the air. The detailed process is described in Part 2, pages 5-6 of the paper linked above. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Conclusion. <\/strong>This CO2 photon absorption and immediate collision-thermalization process dominates throughout the troposphere. This means that the CO2 resonant LWIR radiation energy <\/strong>radiating from the surface is saturated to <\/strong>extinction<\/strong> by an overabundance of CO2\/GHG molecules. There are no resonant photons left in the troposphere for the CO2 molecule to absorb. This is readily visible in Figure 2 by the <\/strong>presence of the CO2 notch, the top red <\/strong>arrow.<\/strong> In the stratosphere and mesosphere where the molecules are few and far apart, we see an increase in the CO2 spontaneous re-emissions implying a reverse- thermalization and the re-emitted photons exit to space. The UN IPCC claim that CO2\/GHGs is the major cause of global warming is thus falsified by the above explanation that is consistent with established laws of science, combined with the absence of any scientific test data.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This makes two powerful cases: First, we can safely abandon the goal and costs of Net Zero and <\/strong>Carbon Capture and Sequestration.<\/strong> Even in the extreme case that atmospheric CO2 doubles or quadruples there is no risk of a catastrophic, run-away global warming threat. Second<\/strong>, the press\/media, politicians, and compromised scientists will also say that we should reduce and <\/strong>remove CO2 <\/strong>from the air<\/strong> just to be sure. But<\/strong>, there\u2019s a fact, that there is about 50 times more CO<\/strong>2 <\/strong>dissolved in the oceans<\/strong> than in the air. Henry\u2019s Law tells us nature apportions how much CO<\/strong>2 <\/strong>goes into the air and how much goes into the oceans based only on the temperature of the water\u2019s surface. During a hot sunny day, more CO 2 flows from the oceans to the air. And in cold winters more CO 2 will flow from the air into the oceans and all water on Earth. Imagine the silliness of <\/strong>spending $ billions\/trillions to remove CO2 from the air and then have the oceans immediately <\/strong>replace<\/strong> it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In summary,<\/strong> we find out that CO<\/strong>2<\/strong>\/GHG absorption of LWIR energy<\/strong> emitted by the surface provides a negligible amount of physical heat<\/strong> in the troposphere. Consequently, the GHG\/GHE provides near zero of the missing heat that the IPCC attributes<\/strong> to the GHGs and the GHE.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Background Paper with complete discussion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Missing Link in the GHE, Greenhouse Effect, by Thomas Shula \u2013 Markus Ott, USA \u2013 Germany<\/strong>
2024.<\/strong>  From allaboutenergy.net<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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