{"id":350090,"date":"2024-11-04T08:40:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T07:40:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350090"},"modified":"2024-11-04T08:40:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T07:40:38","slug":"what-ozone-crisis-nasa-noaa-rank-2024-ozone-hole-as-7th-smallest-since-recovery-began","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350090","title":{"rendered":"What Ozone Crisis? NASA, NOAA Rank 2024 Ozone Hole as 7th-Smallest Since Recovery Began"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"376\" data-attachment-id=\"350096\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=350096\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?fit=1277%2C665&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1277,665\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Screenshot 2024-11-04 083812\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?fit=723%2C376&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?resize=723%2C376&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-350096\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?resize=1024%2C533&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?resize=300%2C156&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?resize=1200%2C625&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?w=1277&amp;ssl=1 1277w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2024\/11\/02\/what-ozone-crisis-nasa-noaa-rank-2024-ozone-hole-as-7th-smallest-since-recovery-began\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/author\/wattsupwiththat\/\">Anthony Watts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Healing continues in the atmosphere over the Antarctic: a hole that opens annually in the ozone layer over Earth\u2019s southern pole was relatively small in 2024 compared to other years. Scientists with NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) project the ozone layer could fully recover by 2066.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"743\" data-attachment-id=\"350092\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=350092\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?fit=1440%2C1480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1440,1480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?fit=723%2C743&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?resize=723%2C743&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-350092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?resize=996%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 996w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?resize=292%2C300&amp;ssl=1 292w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?resize=768%2C789&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?resize=1200%2C1233&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ozone-geos5-20240928-hires.webp?w=1440&amp;ssl=1 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This map shows the size and shape of the ozone hole over the South Pole on Sept. 28, 2024, the day of its annual maximum extent, as calculated by the NASA Ozone Watch team. Scientists describe the ozone \u201chole\u201d as the area in which ozone concentrations drop below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson units.<br>NASA Earth Observatory\/Lauren Dauphin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the peak of ozone depletion season from Sept. 7 through Oct. 13, the 2024 area of the ozone hole ranked the&nbsp;seventh smallest since recovery began in 1992, when the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noaa.gov\/stories\/4-facts-you-might-not-know-about-ozone-and-montreal-protocol\">Montreal Protocol<\/a>, a landmark international agreement to phase out ozone-depleting chemicals, began to take effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At almost 8 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), the monthly average ozone-depleted region in the Antarctic this year was nearly three times the size of the contiguous U.S. The hole reached its greatest one-day extent for the year on Sept. 28 at 8.5 million square miles (22.4 million square kilometers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The improvement is due to a combination of continuing declines in harmful chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemicals, along with an unexpected infusion of ozone carried by air currents from north of the Antarctic, scientists said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TpSkhWX8_4c?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ozone hole over Antarctica averaged nearly 8 million square miles (20 million square kilometers) between Sept. 7 and Oct. 13, 2024, the 20th smallest extent in 45 years.<br>Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\/ Kathleen Gaeta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In previous years, NASA and NOAA have reported the ozone hole ranking using a time frame dating back to 1979, when scientists began tracking Antarctic ozone levels with satellite data. Using that longer record, this year\u2019s hole ranked 20th smallest in area across the 45 years of observations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe 2024 Antarctic hole is smaller than ozone holes seen in the early 2000s,\u201d said Paul Newman, leader of NASA\u2019s ozone research team and chief scientist for Earth sciences at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u201cThe gradual improvement we\u2019ve seen in the past two decades shows that international efforts that curbed ozone-destroying chemicals are working.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ozone-rich layer high in the atmosphere acts as a planetary sunscreen that helps shield us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Areas with depleted ozone allow more UV radiation, resulting in increased cases of skin cancer and cataracts. Excessive exposure to UV light can also reduce agricultural yields as well as damage aquatic plants and animals in vital ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientists were alarmed in the 1970s at the prospect that CFCs could eat away at atmospheric ozone. By the mid-1980s, the ozone layer had been depleted so much that a broad swath of the Antarctic stratosphere was essentially devoid of ozone by early October each year. Sources of damaging CFCs included coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners, as well as aerosols in hairspray, antiperspirant, and spray paint. Harmful chemicals were also released in the manufacture of insulating foams and as components of industrial fire suppression systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to phase out CFC-based products and processes. Countries worldwide agreed to replace the chemicals with more environmentally friendly alternatives by 2010. The release of CFC compounds has dramatically decreased following the Montreal Protocol. But CFCs already in the air will take many decades to break down. As existing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gml.noaa.gov\/odgi\/\">CFC levels gradually decline<\/a>, ozone in the upper atmosphere will rebound globally, and ozone holes will shrink.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q15t5NQ1Aik?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ozone 101 is the first in a series of explainer videos outlining the fundamentals of popular Earth science topics. Let\u2019s back up to the basics and understand what caused the Ozone Hole, its effects on the planet, and what scientists predict will happen in future decades.<br>Credit: NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center\/ Kathleen Gaeta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cFor 2024, we can see that the ozone&nbsp;hole\u2019s severity is below&nbsp;average compared to other years in the past three decades,&nbsp;but&nbsp;the ozone layer is still far from being fully healed,\u201d said Stephen Montzka, senior scientist of the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers rely on a combination of systems to monitor the ozone layer. They include instruments on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/aura\/\">NASA\u2019s Aura satellite<\/a>, the NOAA-20 and NOAA-21 satellites, and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite, jointly operated by NASA and NOAA.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NOAA scientists also release instrumented weather balloons from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgml.noaa.gov%2Fobop%2Fspo%2F&amp;data=05%7C02%7Cjames.r.riordon%40nasa.gov%7Ca16682ad5fa547a2944a08dcf8f860d9%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d43da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C638658992861868618%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=TxWv1EuNoQbRZtQhgeotKy6RapFZ2slll9xRTrHtFhU%3D&amp;reserved=0\">South Pole Baseline Atmospheric Observatory<\/a>&nbsp;to observe ozone concentrations directly overhead in a measurement called Dobson Units. The 2024 concentration reached its lowest value of 109 Dobson Units on October 5. The lowest value ever recorded&nbsp;over the South Pole was 92 Dobson Units in October 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NASA and NOAA satellite observations of ozone concentrations cover the entire ozone hole, which can produce a slightly smaller value for the lowest Dobson Unit measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThat is well below the 225 Dobson Units that was typical of the ozone cover above the Antarctic in 1979,\u201d said NOAA research chemist Bryan Johnson. \u201cSo, there\u2019s still a long way to go before atmospheric ozone is back to the levels before the advent of widespread CFC pollution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">View the latest status of the ozone layer over the Antarctic with<a href=\"https:\/\/ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov\/\">&nbsp;NASA\u2019s ozone watch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Healing continues in the atmosphere over the Antarctic: a hole that opens annually in the ozone layer over Earth\u2019s southern pole was relatively small in 2024 compared to other years. Scientists with NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) project the ozone layer could fully recover by 2066.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":350096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691831311,691818491,691821016,691831310,691827450,691818824],"class_list":{"0":"post-350090","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-chlorofluorocarbon-cfc-chemicals","9":"tag-nasa","10":"tag-national-oceanic-and-atmospheric-administration-noaa","11":"tag-ozone-crisis","12":"tag-ozone-hole","13":"tag-ozone-layer","15":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-04-083812.png?fit=1277%2C665&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1t4C","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":351629,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=351629","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":0},"title":"When Will Scientists Admit that They Haven\u2019t Saved the Ozone Layer?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/11\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Another year has passed, and that stubborn Ozone Hole over Antarctica refuses to go away. Data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shows that the area of the Ozone Hole remains about the same as it has been over the last 30 years. When will scientists admit that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Antarctica\"","block_context":{"text":"Antarctica","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=antarctica"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0nLs4qdV-asset-mezzanine-16x9-qW7PAjr.jpg.crop_.1920x1080.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0nLs4qdV-asset-mezzanine-16x9-qW7PAjr.jpg.crop_.1920x1080.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0nLs4qdV-asset-mezzanine-16x9-qW7PAjr.jpg.crop_.1920x1080.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0nLs4qdV-asset-mezzanine-16x9-qW7PAjr.jpg.crop_.1920x1080.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0nLs4qdV-asset-mezzanine-16x9-qW7PAjr.jpg.crop_.1920x1080.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":351144,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=351144","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":1},"title":"Scientists Haven\u2019t \u2018Saved\u2019 the Ozone Layer","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/11\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIn 2015, scientists at NASA predicted that the Ozone Hole would be half closed by 2020. That hasn\u2019t happened. Other scientists have forecasted that the hole will not begin to disappear until 2040 or later. But the longer the hole persists, the greater the likelihood that the ozone layer is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)\"","block_context":{"text":"chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=chlorofluorocarbon-cfc"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0231121104613-ozone-hole-simulated-image-102023.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0231121104613-ozone-hole-simulated-image-102023.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0231121104613-ozone-hole-simulated-image-102023.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0231121104613-ozone-hole-simulated-image-102023.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0231121104613-ozone-hole-simulated-image-102023.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":241421,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=241421","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":2},"title":"Is the ozone hole really healing?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"25\/01\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Claims by a UN-backed panel of experts that the ozone layer is healing and on track to full recovery may be premature and over-optimistic, Net Zero Watch\u2019s science editor, Dr. David Whitehouse, has warned.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1068.png?fit=826%2C433&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1068.png?fit=826%2C433&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1068.png?fit=826%2C433&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1068.png?fit=826%2C433&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":241778,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=241778","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":3},"title":"Science Writer Warns Ozone Hole Recovery Claims Likely Premature, Too Optimistic","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"27\/01\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Claims by an UN-backed panel of experts that the ozone layer is healing and on track to full recovery may be premature and overly optimistic, Net Zero Watch\u2019s Science Editor Dr. David Whitehouse has warned.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1165.png?fit=1200%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1165.png?fit=1200%2C719&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1165.png?fit=1200%2C719&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1165.png?fit=1200%2C719&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-1165.png?fit=1200%2C719&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":284307,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=284307","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":4},"title":"2022 Hunga Tonga underwater volcanic eruption injected 165 million tons of water vapor &amp; acidic gases into stratosphere &amp; affected the ozone layer","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai volcano\u00a0erupted\u00a0on Jan. 15, it sent a tsunami racing around the world and set off a sonic boom that circled the globe twice. The underwater eruption in the South Pacific Ocean also blasted an enormous plume of water vapor into Earth\u2019s stratosphere \u2013 enough to fill\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"acidic gases\"","block_context":{"text":"acidic gases","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=acidic-gases"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":314808,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=314808","url_meta":{"origin":350090,"position":5},"title":"Record Ozone \u2018Holes\u2019 Discovered Despite 35-Year Ban on CFCs. Not the Cause, Then!","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"29\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The discovery of a hole in the ozone layer high above Antarctica in the 1980s turned into one of the first great climate and environmental scares. Blame was placed on the effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which were used extensively at the time in refrigerators and aerosols, and their use was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"alarmist propaganda\"","block_context":{"text":"alarmist propaganda","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=alarmist-propaganda"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Antarctic-Sky-NASAGoddard-MichaelStudinger.webp?fit=1200%2C795&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Antarctic-Sky-NASAGoddard-MichaelStudinger.webp?fit=1200%2C795&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Antarctic-Sky-NASAGoddard-MichaelStudinger.webp?fit=1200%2C795&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Antarctic-Sky-NASAGoddard-MichaelStudinger.webp?fit=1200%2C795&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0Antarctic-Sky-NASAGoddard-MichaelStudinger.webp?fit=1200%2C795&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=350090"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":350098,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350090\/revisions\/350098"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/350096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=350090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=350090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=350090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}