{"id":340004,"date":"2024-08-19T09:12:46","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T07:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=340004"},"modified":"2024-08-19T09:12:49","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T07:12:49","slug":"the-quest-for-climates-golden-fleece","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=340004","title":{"rendered":"The Quest for Climate\u2019s \u201cGolden Fleece\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arvid Pasto<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

August 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A major climate parameter called \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d has been the subject of scientific inquiry for literally hundreds of years. This parameter, basically, is the amount of global temperature increase caused by a doubling of atmospheric CO2<\/sub>.<\/em> If the parameter\u2019s value is 2, then the world\u2019s temperature will increase by 2\u00b0C when the CO2<\/sub> level in the atmosphere reaches twice what it is now. It is therefore, by implication, a constant number. Scientific estimates have ranged very widely, from much less than 1 to well over 6 (see later). Exact knowledge of its value is \u201cpriceless\u201d to climate modelers and alarmists, much like the Golden Fleece was to its owner(s) in Greek mythology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inasmuch as global warming is considered to arise from the presence of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, a great deal of attention has been paid to assessing the effects of these gases (principally CO2<\/sub>, methane, and nitrous oxide, along with a myriad of gases typically occurring at very low concentrations).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blaming global temperature change on any single factor, such as CO2<\/sub>, is folly. Beer\u2019s Law1<\/sup> describes the well-known phenomenon of \u201csaturation\u201d, wherein as CO2<\/sub> increases, atmospheric temperature will rapidly increase starting at a CO2<\/sub> level of 0, but as it increases, the temperature increase is NOT linear. Instead, it decreases, ultimately appearing to level off. (Figure 1) Thus, you can see that, using only one factor, climate sensitivity is NOT a constant. However, at high levels of CO2<\/sub>, the climate sensitivity can be considered to be \u201cnearly\u201d constant. There is a perfectly good reason for that behavior, as can readily be shown1<\/sup>. The major result of this expression is that, after some given amount of CO2<\/sub> has been added to the atmosphere, any additional amounts will cause smaller temperature increases. At some level, these increases will be insignificant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 1. The effect of CO2<\/sub>\u00a0Concentration on Atmospheric Warming (From page 8 of\u00a0The Skeptics Handbook<\/em>, Joanne Nova 2009)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The same non-linear relationship is true for any gaseous species in the atmosphere. And of course, our atmosphere is composed of anything but a single gas. Each will exhibit its own self-flattening concentration-temperature curve, depending on its properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theoretically, knowing the atmosphere\u2019s exact composition, and the requisite spectroscopic properties for each gas, it should be simple to calculate the resultant absorption curve. Earth\u2019s global temperature is thought to be governed by a balance between the incoming solar radiation plus the earth\u2019s own internally-generated heat, and the outgoing heat (radiation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gaseous molecules will absorb heat from both the incoming and outgoing radiation. The incoming heat is absorbed primarily via electronic transitions, while the outgoing heat is absorbed via vibrations and\/or rotations of the molecules. These interactions can be easily measured via spectroscopy, with each species showing a distinct spectrum of absorption versus radiation wavelength (or frequency). See Figure 2.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 2. Absorption of energy by several gases as a function of incident radiation wavelength, and their affect on incoming solar and outgoing earth radiation. (From a presentation by Dr. William Happer, of Princeton University, at Marshall University)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

One can then calculate how much heat will be generated in the atmosphere via these processes, since the specific heat of each component is known. The calculation basically asks: how much heat is generated, and then how much temperature change does that heat cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such calculations have been done for many years, with results such as shown below. These calculations allow for a more precise estimation of the \u201cgreenhouse gas effect\u201d of a certain gas, since one can simply double the concentration of the species of interest in the calculation and see what happens. (Figure 3)<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 3. This figure shows that increasing the CO2<\/sub>\u00a0level from 0 ppm (green line), to 400 ppm (around today\u2019s value, black line) has a significant effect, raising earth\u2019s temperature from what it would be with no CO2<\/sub>\u00a0(ca. 16\u00b0F) to today\u2019s level (ca. 60\u00b0F). You can plainly see that doubling the CO2<\/sub>\u00a0to 800 has almost no effect (red line). [Ron Clutz.com 2021]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The two principal \u201cevils\u201d of climate change, CO2<\/sub>\u00a0(carbon dioxide) and CH4<\/sub>\u00a0(methane) are easily shown to be unlikely to cause any significant global warming, through calculations like those discussed above. Both are known to be continuously increasing (Figures 3 and 4), and have been painted as the major cause(s) of global warming for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 3. CO2<\/sub>\u00a0concentration in earth\u2019s atmosphere through 20232<\/sup>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Figure 4. Atmospheric methane concentration through 2022

https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/methane-emissions-speed-tracking-improves-143117916.html<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Obviously, then, something is missing from these global warming calculations. Many factors, other than atmospheric gaseous heating, can be easily inferred. These include assumptions about how much incoming solar radiation is reflected or absorbed by clouds or the oceans, how much incoming light is scattered by clouds or \u201cdust\u201d in the atmosphere, how much incident light is reflected by clouds, or ice and snow patches on the earth, and numerous others. The latest climate models have defined all of these terms in great detail (Figure 5).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 5. Energy transfers (w\/m2<\/sup>) used by global climate models in 2024.

https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2024\/07\/30\/the-return-on-your-investment\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Additional hard-to-account-for factors include extraneous heat sources (underwater volcanoes, underground coal- or- methane fires), soot deposited on glaciers (heat absorbing), the recent huge world-wide wildfires (which produce heat, soot, and CO2<\/sub>), and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, there are the so-called \u201cfeedbacks\u201d: these include interactions between two gases such as CO2<\/sub> and water vapor, and others. These can be positive, wherein the presence of one gas, e.g.- CO2<\/sub>, is thought to cause an increase in the presence of another, e.g.-water vapor, from enhanced evaporation from the oceans.  They can also be neutral or negative. (Figure 6) The heat inputs, called \u201cforcing factors\u201d are added to the \u201cfeedbacks\u201d in climate models.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 6. Climate feedback considered in global climate models. [From IPCC AR4 report.]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The water vapor feedback is especially troublesome: it is NOT known to be \u201cpositive\u201d, much less as positive as climate scientists claim to know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because there are so many forcing factors, and so many complicated feedbacks, climate sensitivity is impossible to calculate a priori<\/em>. Assumptions must always be made. Yet scientists have tried in vain for decades to do just that. (Figures 7, 8, 9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 7. Scientific estimates of climate sensitivity. In 2013, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Nur Shaviv said, about this graph, \u201cMore seriously, let me put this in perspective with the most boring graph I have ever plotted in my life. Below is the likely range of climate sensitivity as a function of time. As you can see, with the exception of AR4 with its slightly smaller range mentioned above, the likely range of climate sensitivity did not change since the\u00a0Charney\u00a0report\u00a0in 1979. In other words, after perhaps billions of dollars invested in climate research over more than three decades, our ability to answer the most important question in climate has not improved a single bit!<\/a>\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(\u00a0https:\/\/www.climatedepot.com\/2013\/10\/09\/award-winning-israeli-astrophysicist-dr-nir-shaviv-the-ipcc-and-alike-are-captives-of-a-wrong-conception-the-ipcc-is-still-doing-its-best-to-avoid-the-evidence-that-the-sun-has-a-large-effec\/<\/a>\u00a0)<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 8. Climate sensitivity values used by various global climate models.

https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2020\/01\/12\/paper-praising-models-predictions-proves-they-greatly-exaggerate\/2019<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"
Figure 9. Historical estimates of climate sensitivity.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

It turns out that climate sensitivity is actually a physically useless term, except to help show what influence certain forcing factors or feedbacks may have on global warming. Global atmospheric temperature can now be measured directly 24 hours per day via satellite and\/or weather balloons, and ocean temperature via diving buoys, and \u201cearth\u201d temperature via thermometers located on every continent. (The latter two have their own problems, especially the surface measurements, but these will not be discussed here).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Global climate models currently utilized on supercomputers worldwide do not actually use \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d as an input, but their output can be used by generalists to suggest its value from the computer\u2019s input and output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Given the results of actual global temperature versus the results of computer climate models (black line on Figure 10), one can see that earth\u2019s temperature is NOT increasing at anything like the rate that would be predicted by a \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d of over 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The global CO2<\/sub> level in 1976 was2<\/sup> 332 ppm, and the starting temperature change is taken as 0.00. In 2016, CO2<\/sub> was 404, and the rise in temperature was 0.3\u00b0. At an average rate of 2 ppm\/year increase, it would take 166 years to double from 1976. {I use 2 ppm\/yr, even though from 1976 to 2016 it was 1.8 ppm\/yr, but it has been increasing to over 2 ppm\/yr lately}. Now, 40 years represents 0.24 of that time difference (40\/166). Thus the \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d starting in 1976 would be 0.3\u00b0C\/0.24, or 1.25. If the climate sensitivity (C.S.) had been 2, the expected temperature rise would have been 0.48\u00b0, and if C.S. was 3, then the rise would have been 0.72\u00b0C, and etc. The average of the climate models shown on the graph gives between 4 to 5 for the climate sensitivity (and increasing).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Figure 10. Comparison of computer climate model forecasts and actually observed global temperature. [From Dr. John Christy, Univ. Alabama-Huntsville]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

If the rate of rise rate in CO2<\/sub> dramatically increases over the next few decades, then the climate sensitivity will also increase, and so will the predicted global temperature. Actually, the CO2<\/sub> emission rate is expected to slow, which will extend the CO2<\/sub> doubling time, and decrease the climate sensitivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, since actual temperature and CO2<\/sub> data result in a current climate sensitivity of ca. 1.25, there is plainly something wrong with the current \u201cfad\u201d for climate sensitivities of 3 or more.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AND\u2026the real problem with the term \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d is that it implies that CO2<\/sub> is the driver of climate change, which it is not.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

REFERENCES<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. M. N. Berberan-Santos, \u201cBeer\u2019s Law Revisited\u201d, Jour. Chem. Ed. 67, Sept. 1990<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1091926\/atmospheric-concentration-of-co2-historic\/<\/a>q<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A major climate parameter called \u201cclimate sensitivity\u201d has been the subject of scientific inquiry for literally hundreds of years. This parameter, basically, is\u00a0the amount of global temperature increase caused by a doubling of atmospheric CO2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":340028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691827130,691830228,691818087,691826963],"class_list":{"0":"post-340004","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-dioxide-co2","9":"tag-computer-climate-model-forecasts","10":"tag-global-warming","11":"tag-methane-ch4","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/06647625-2faae03a-8a3f-4b33-9f90-9f8cf2d5c60e.jpeg?fit=1600%2C1066&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1qrW","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":337557,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=337557","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":0},"title":"Japanese Scientist Concludes IPCC Is Using \u201cErroneous\u201d Parameters And Climate Sensitivities","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/25\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The anthropogenic global warming (AGW) scare was created in part by Japanese scientist Syukuro Manabe using a one dimensional radiative-convective model (1DRCM) having no ocean (1964\/1967). He obtained a no-feedback climate sensitivity of 1.3\u00b0C for doubling of CO2\u00a0using the fixed lapse rate assumption of 6.5\u00b0C\/km and a radiative forcing of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Sensitivities\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Sensitivities","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-sensitivities"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-629.png?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-629.png?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-629.png?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image-629.png?fit=1024%2C415&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":385704,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=385704","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":1},"title":"A 485-million-year history of bad science","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/29\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"A few days ago I published another analysis of mine, called\u00a0pHony Alarmism. Take a moment to read that if you haven\u2019t, because this is a sequel. Both are about a new study in Science Magazine yclept\u00a0\u201cA 485-million-year history of Earth\u2019s surface temperature\u201d, paywalled, of course.","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-24.-Mai-2025-20_11_24-4.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-24.-Mai-2025-20_11_24-4.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-24.-Mai-2025-20_11_24-4.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/ChatGPT-Image-24.-Mai-2025-20_11_24-4.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":364304,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=364304","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":2},"title":"The Climate Impacts of Rosebank\u00a0Field","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/03\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"This week\u00a0came the news\u00a0that permission for the Rosebank and Jackdaw fields was unlawful, owing to a failure to take into account the effect of downstream emissions, i.e. the combustion of the extracted products.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02531e8504321f3d53cc699737c5727f7-1673002582-1280x720-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02531e8504321f3d53cc699737c5727f7-1673002582-1280x720-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02531e8504321f3d53cc699737c5727f7-1673002582-1280x720-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02531e8504321f3d53cc699737c5727f7-1673002582-1280x720-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/02531e8504321f3d53cc699737c5727f7-1673002582-1280x720-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":288903,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=288903","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":3},"title":"Three Graphs That Show There Is No \u2018Climate Crisis\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/27\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From The Daily Sceptic BY\u00a0JOHN STADDON As the West fitfully weakens industrial civilisation by trying to eliminate oil, coal and natural gas as energy sources, the scientific basis for Net Zero is based more on \u2018general agreement\u2019 than hard data. Climate scientists nevertheless\u00a0sound optimistic\u00a0about the progress that\u2019s being made in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Carbon Emissions\"","block_context":{"text":"Carbon Emissions","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-emissions"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":301742,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=301742","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":4},"title":"Temperature Feedback Follies","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/14\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The motivation for this article came from claims that this summer was the hottest in 125,000 years and the breathless fear surrounding this.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate models\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate models","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-models"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-14-124525.png?fit=1188%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-14-124525.png?fit=1188%2C878&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-14-124525.png?fit=1188%2C878&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-14-124525.png?fit=1188%2C878&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-14-124525.png?fit=1188%2C878&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":388648,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=388648","url_meta":{"origin":340004,"position":5},"title":"Moving, But Not In A Straight Line","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/14\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"I\u2019m reminded of this by what I see as a ludicrous claim\u2014that regarding the climate, one of the more complex systems we\u2019ve ever tried to analyze and understand, mainstream climate scientists say that there is a straight-line linear relationship between changes in the radiation balance at the top of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-8.-Juni-2025-18_50_51-1.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=340004"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340004\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":340030,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/340004\/revisions\/340030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/340028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=340004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=340004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=340004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}