{"id":338592,"date":"2024-08-06T08:10:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T06:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=338592"},"modified":"2024-08-06T08:10:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T06:10:48","slug":"ruinous-folly-of-co2-pricing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=338592","title":{"rendered":"Ruinous Folly of CO2\u00a0Pricing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Science Matters <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Lars Schernikau is an energy economist explaining why CO2 pricing (also falsely called \u201ccarbon pricing\u201d) is a terrible idea fit only for discarding.  His blog article is The Dilemma of Pricing CO2<\/strong><\/a>.  Excerpts below in italics with my bolds and added images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Understanding CO\u2082 pricing<\/em>
2.Economic and environmental impact<\/em>
3.Global economic impact<\/em>
4.Alternative solutions<\/em>
5.Conclusion<\/em>
6.Additional comments and notes<\/em>
7.References<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

As an energy economist I am confronted daily with questions about the \u201cenergy transition\u201d away from conventional fuels<\/strong>. As we know, the discussion about the \u201cenergy transition\u201d stems from concerns about climatic changes.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The source of climatic changes is a widely discussed issue, with numerous policies and measures proposed to mitigate its impact. One such measure is the current and future pricing of carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) emissions<\/strong>. The logic followed is that if human CO\u2082 emissions are reduced, future global temperatures will be<\/strong> measurably lower<\/strong>, extreme weather<\/strong> events will be reduced<\/strong>, and sea-levels will rise less or stop rising<\/strong> all together.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although intended to reduce greenhouse gases, this approach has sparked considerable debate. In this blog post I discuss the controversial topic of CO\u2082 pricing<\/strong>, examining its economic and environmental ramifications.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, this article is not about the causes of climatic changes<\/strong>, nor<\/strong> is it about the negative or positive effects<\/strong> of a warming planet and higher atmospheric CO\u2082 concentrations. It is also not about<\/strong> the scientifically undisputed fact<\/strong> that we don\u2019t know how much warming CO\u2082 causes<\/strong> (a list of recent academic research on CO\u2082\u2019s climate sensitivity can be found at the end of this blog).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nor<\/strong> do I unpack the undisputed and IPCC confirmed fact<\/strong> that each additional ton of CO\u2082 in the atmosphere has less warming effect than the previous ton as the climate sensitivity of CO\u2082 is a logarithmic function<\/strong> irrespective of us not knowing what that climate sensitivity is. I also don\u2019t discuss<\/strong> the NASA satellite confirmed greening of the world<\/strong> over the past decades partially driven by higher atmopheric CO\u2082 concentrations (see sources inc Chen et al. 2024).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instead, this blog post is about the environmental and economic \u201csense\u201d, or lack thereof, of pricing CO\u2082 emissions as currently practiced<\/strong> in most OECD countries and increasingly seen in developing nations. It is about the \u201cnone-sense\u201d of measuring practically all human activity with a \u201cCO\u2082 footprint\u201d,<\/strong> often mistakenly called \u201ccarbon footprint\u201d, and having nearly every organization set claims for current or future \u201cNet-Zero\u201d (Figure 1).<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

1.Understanding CO\u2082 Pricing<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

CO\u2082 pricing aims to internalize the external costs of CO\u2082 emissions,<\/strong> thereby encouraging businesses and individuals to reduce their \u201ccarbon footprint\u201d. The concept<\/strong> is straightforward: by assigning a cost to CO\u2082 emissions<\/strong>, it becomes financially advantageous to emit less CO\u2082<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, this simplistic view overlooks
significant complexities and unintended consequences.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our entire existence is based on drawing from nature (\u201crenewable\u201d or not),<\/strong> so the \u201cNet-Zero\u201d discussion ignores a fundamental requirement for our survival. I agree that it should be our aim to reduce the environmental footprint<\/strong> as much as possible but only if our lives, health, and wealth don\u2019t deteriorate as a result.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, I am sure, some readers and many \u201cactivists\u201d may disagree, which I respect but, at a global level, find unrealistic. However, I would assume that most agree that no-one\u2019s life ought to be harmed or shortened for the sake of reducing the environmental impact<\/strong> made. Otherwise, there is little room for a conversation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BloombergNEFs \u201cNew Energy Outlook\u201d<\/strong> from May 2024 should<\/strong> possibly be called \u201cCO\u2082 Outlook\u201d<\/strong>, as there is little to be found about energy and its economics but rather all about CO\u2082 emissions and the so called \u201cNet-Zero\u201d<\/strong> (Figure 1), which is in line with media, government, and educational focus on primarily carbon dioxide emissions.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.Economic and Environmental Impacts<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

One of the primary criticisms of CO\u2082 pricing<\/strong> is that it addresses only one environmental externality while ignoring others.<\/strong> This narrow focus can lead to economic distortions,<\/strong> as it fails to account for the full spectrum of environmental and social impacts. For instance, while CO\u2082 pricing might reduce emissions, it can also drive-up energy costs<\/strong>, disproportionately affecting lower-income populations and hindering economic development<\/strong> in lesser developed countries.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is by now undisputed amongst energy economists that, large-scale \u201cNet-Zero\u201d intermittent and unpredictable wind and solar power generation increases the total or \u201cfull\u201d cost of electricity<\/strong>, primarily because of their low energy density, intermittency, inherent net energy and raw material inefficiency, mounting integration costs for power grids, and the need for a drastic overbuild installation system plus an overbuild backup\/storage system because of their intermittency.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CO\u2082 pricing can also result in environmental trade-offs.<\/strong> For example, the shift towards \u201crenewable\u201d energy sources like wind and solar, incentivized by CO\u2082 pricing, has its own set of environmental impacts,<\/strong> including land use, resource extraction, energy footprint, and energy storage challenges.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When BloombergNEF (Figure 1) displays
how clean power and electrification
will directly reduce CO\u2082 emissions to zero,
then they are clearly mistaken.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

My native country Germany provides a notable example<\/strong> of the complexities involved in transitioning to \u201crenewable\u201d energy. The country has invested heavily in wind and solar power, leading to the highest electricity costs among larger nations<\/strong>. Germany\u2019s installed wind and solar capacity is now twice the total peak power demand.<\/strong> This variable \u201crenewable\u201d wind and solar power capacity now produces about a third of the country\u2019s electricity<\/strong> and contributes about 6% to Germany\u2019s primary energy supply<\/strong> (Figure 2).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sources: Schernikau based on Fraunhofer, Agora, AG Energiebilanzen. See also\u00a0www.unpopular-truth.com\/graphs.<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.Global Economic Implications<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Higher energy costs<\/strong>, obviously and undisputedly, hurt less affluent people<\/strong> and stifles the development of poorer nations (Figure 3). Thus, a move to more expensive wind and solar energy has \u201chuman externalities\u201d.<\/strong> The less fortunate will be \u201cstarved of\u201d energy as they wouldn\u2019t be able to afford it, leading to literal reduction in life expectancy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Source: Eschenbach 2017; Figure 38 in Book \u201cThe Unpopular Truth\u2026 about Electricity and the Future of Energy\u201d<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

CO\u2082 pricing typically focuses only on emissions during operation,
neglecting significant environmental and economic costs
incurred during other stages or by the entire system.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For instance, the production of solar panels<\/strong> involves substantial energy and raw material inputs.<\/strong> Today there is not one single solar panel that is produced without coal. Similarly<\/strong>, the manufacturing and transportation processes of wind turbines and electric vehicles are energy-intensive and environmentally impactful.<\/strong> These stages are rarely accounted for in CO\u2082 pricing schemes<\/strong>, leading to a distorted view of their true environmental footprint. Also not accounted for are:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) the required overbuild<\/strong>,<\/em>
b) short and long duration energy storage<\/strong>,<\/em>
c) backup<\/strong> facilities, or<\/em>
d) larger network<\/strong> integration and transmission infrastructure.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Source: Schernikau, adapted from Figure 39 in Book \u201cThe Unpopular Truth\u2026 about Electricity and the Future of Energy\u201c<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Figure 4 illustrates how virtually all CO\u2082 pricing or taxation happens only at the stage of \u201coperation\u201d or combustion. How else could a \u201cNet-Zero\u201d label be assigned to a solar panel<\/strong> produced from coal and minerals extracted in Africa with diesel-run equipment, transported to China on a vessel powered by fuel-oil, and processed with heat and electricity from coal- or gas-fired power partially using forced labour? All this energy-intensive activity and not a single kilogram of CO\u2082 is taxed<\/strong> (see my recent article on this subject here) The same applies to wind turbines, hydro power, biofuel, or electric vehicles.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It turns out, CO\u2082 tax is basically just a means to redistribute wealth,<\/strong> with the collecting agency (government) deciding where the funds go. Yes, a CO\u2082 tax does incentivize industry<\/strong> to reduce CO\u2082 emissions at their taxed operations only, but this comes at a cost to economies, the environment, and often people<\/strong>. . . Any economist will confirm that pricing one externality but not others leads to economic distortions and, many would say, worse environmental impacts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

4.Alternative Approaches<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Distortion<\/strong>, in this case, is just another word for unintended consequences<\/strong> to the environment, our economies, and the people. Pricing CO\u2082 only during combustion but failing to price methane, raw material and recycling, inefficiency, or embodied energy, or energy shortages, or land requirement, or greening from CO\u2082\u2026 will cause undesirable outcomes. The world will be worse off economically and environmentally.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protest if you must, but let me offer a simple example.<\/strong> The leaders of the Western world seem to have united around abandoning coal immediately<\/strong>, because it is the highest CO\u2082 emitter during combustion (UN 2019). Instead, demanding reliable and affordable energy, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Germany, and so many more nations have embraced liquified natural gas (LNG) as a \u201cbridge\u201d fuel to replace coal.<\/strong> This \u201cswitch\u201d is taking place despite questions about LNG\u2019s impact on the environment, including the \u201cclimate\u201d. This policy, supported by almost all large consultancies, indirectly caused blackouts affecting over 150 million people in Bangladesh in October 2022<\/strong> (Reuters and Bloomberg).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, the world is embarking on an expensive venture
<\/strong>to replace as much coal as possible with
<\/strong>more expensive liquified natural gas LNG.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On top of that, wind and solar are given preference.<\/strong> For example, the IEA recently confirmed that 2024<\/strong> sparks the first year where investments in solar outstrip the combined investments in all other<\/strong> power generation technologies. As a result, energy costs go up,<\/strong> dependencies increase, lights go off,<\/strong> and, as per the UN\u2019s IPCC, the \u201cclimate gets worse.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Now imagine<\/strong> what would happen if we would truly take into account all environmental and human impacts, both negative and positive, along the entire value chain<\/strong> of energy production, transportation, processing, generation, consumption, and disposal\u2026 we would all be surprised! You would look at fossil fuels and certainly nuclear through different eyes<\/strong>. Instead we should simply incentivize resource and energy efficiency which will truly make a positive difference!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.Conclusion<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

No matter what your view on climate change is, pricing CO\u2082 is harmful<\/strong>\u2026 why?<\/em>
Answer: \u2026 because pricing one externality but not others leads to economic and environmental distortions\u2026causing human suffering.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is why, even considering the entire value chain, I do not support any CO\u2082 pricing.<\/strong>. That is why I fight for environmental and economic justice so we can, by avoiding energy starvation and resulting poverty,<\/strong> make a truly positive<\/strong> difference not only for ourselves<\/strong> but also for future generations<\/strong> to come.. . We need INvestment in, not DIvestment from 80% of our energy supply<\/strong> to rationalize our energy systems and to allow people and the planet to flourish.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I strongly support increasing adaptation efforts,<\/strong> which have already been successful in drastically reducing the death rate and GDP adjusted financial damage from natural disasters during the past<\/em>
100 years (OurWorldInData, Pielke 2022, Economist).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CO\u2082 pricing typically focuses only on emissions during operation,
\nneglecting significant environmental and economic costs
\nincurred during other stages or by the entire system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":338609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691829997,691829998,691818618,691818154],"class_list":{"0":"post-338592","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-dioxide-co","9":"tag-co-pricing","10":"tag-energy-transition","11":"tag-net-zero","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0co2PriceImpactHeroBg.jpg?fit=1400%2C699&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1q5a","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":288307,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=288307","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":0},"title":"Green Bloodbath:\u00a0Electricity prices in Germany three times higher than in the USA","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/11\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0\u201cIf renewables are so gosh-darn cheap, why does Germany now have the highest electricity prices in Europe?\u201d\u00a0 In fact, the average cost of electricity is nearly 30 cents per kilowatt hour, almost three times higher in Germany than it is in the United States. The price of electricity in Germany\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-500.png?fit=1080%2C567&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-500.png?fit=1080%2C567&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-500.png?fit=1080%2C567&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-500.png?fit=1080%2C567&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-500.png?fit=1080%2C567&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":391236,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=391236","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":1},"title":"New Offshore Wind Is Now Twice The Price Of\u00a0Gas","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"28\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The main factor is the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS), effectively a carbon tax. CCGT plant operators must purchase allowances to cover the amount of CO2 emitted. The current market price for these allowances is around \u00a350\/Tonne CO2.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-13.-Juni-2025-08_56_09.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-13.-Juni-2025-08_56_09.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-13.-Juni-2025-08_56_09.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-13.-Juni-2025-08_56_09.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-13.-Juni-2025-08_56_09.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":394997,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=394997","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":2},"title":"The Hidden Net Zero\u00a0Tax","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"14\/08\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"To reduce CO2 emissions, carbon pricing has put an irreversible financial squeeze on UK businesses","rel":"","context":"In \"British industry\"","block_context":{"text":"British industry","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=british-industry"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQNhmBpobriVQTdcu6GUSOHxqbLKirxSYbUsljIwMFv-Lrwc7qpVER-KtRNBZ3ABklHNwJoeTpb9rrjrbnLqVjxtOnFY8CPsVFx58xdddIlORNbuQ-urWi4g54xMe6dYL-m-XJ7A9D0MjX2ibi_GUJ29ObwX-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQNhmBpobriVQTdcu6GUSOHxqbLKirxSYbUsljIwMFv-Lrwc7qpVER-KtRNBZ3ABklHNwJoeTpb9rrjrbnLqVjxtOnFY8CPsVFx58xdddIlORNbuQ-urWi4g54xMe6dYL-m-XJ7A9D0MjX2ibi_GUJ29ObwX-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQNhmBpobriVQTdcu6GUSOHxqbLKirxSYbUsljIwMFv-Lrwc7qpVER-KtRNBZ3ABklHNwJoeTpb9rrjrbnLqVjxtOnFY8CPsVFx58xdddIlORNbuQ-urWi4g54xMe6dYL-m-XJ7A9D0MjX2ibi_GUJ29ObwX-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQNhmBpobriVQTdcu6GUSOHxqbLKirxSYbUsljIwMFv-Lrwc7qpVER-KtRNBZ3ABklHNwJoeTpb9rrjrbnLqVjxtOnFY8CPsVFx58xdddIlORNbuQ-urWi4g54xMe6dYL-m-XJ7A9D0MjX2ibi_GUJ29ObwX-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/0AQNhmBpobriVQTdcu6GUSOHxqbLKirxSYbUsljIwMFv-Lrwc7qpVER-KtRNBZ3ABklHNwJoeTpb9rrjrbnLqVjxtOnFY8CPsVFx58xdddIlORNbuQ-urWi4g54xMe6dYL-m-XJ7A9D0MjX2ibi_GUJ29ObwX-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":203346,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=203346","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":3},"title":"Political Economy Energy Terms","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/06\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"By Robert Bradley Jr.\u00a0 I am writing a new book,\u00a0Energy Crisis and Leviathan, that summarizes the history of government intervention with energy during wartime and other energy emergencies. To better understand these crises, I review the intervening periods of relative normalcy. My effort is not a treatise but an overview,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0venezuela2.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0venezuela2.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0venezuela2.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0venezuela2.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/0venezuela2.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":303663,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=303663","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":4},"title":"Welsh Government Backs Carbon Sequestration Plan","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Wales has some of the most expensive electricity in Britain, but the financial geniuses who run Wales have a plan which will push energy prices up even higher.","rel":"","context":"In \"carry carbon emissions\"","block_context":{"text":"carry carbon emissions","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carry-carbon-emissions"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-21-090124-1.png?fit=1188%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-21-090124-1.png?fit=1188%2C672&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-21-090124-1.png?fit=1188%2C672&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-21-090124-1.png?fit=1188%2C672&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Screenshot-2024-02-21-090124-1.png?fit=1188%2C672&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":218953,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=218953","url_meta":{"origin":338592,"position":5},"title":"Global Decarbonization: Negative Agricultural Impacts","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/09\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201c\u2026 a $150 per ton of CO2-equivalent (CO2e) tax [is estimated to globally] \u2026 increase the price of milk by approximately 49 percent, the price of rice by 67 percent, and the price of beef by a whopping 108 percent.\u201d","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-734.png?fit=975%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-734.png?fit=975%2C459&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-734.png?fit=975%2C459&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-734.png?fit=975%2C459&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=338592"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":338611,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338592\/revisions\/338611"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/338609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=338592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=338592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=338592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}