{"id":333110,"date":"2024-06-16T08:31:44","date_gmt":"2024-06-16T06:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=333110"},"modified":"2024-06-16T08:31:46","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T06:31:46","slug":"the-shakedown-that-is-vermonts-new-climate-superfund-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=333110","title":{"rendered":"The Shakedown That Is Vermont\u2019s New Climate Superfund Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Rep. Amy Sheldon, D-Middlebury, chair of the House Environment and Energy Committee, speaks at a press conference in support of a bill that would make big oil companies pay for the costs of climate change at the Statehouse in Montpelier on Tuesday, January 16, 2024. Photo by Glenn Russell\/VTDigger<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Jonathan Lesser<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

June 12, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long viewed as a playground for environmentalists, Vermont has jumped the climate change shark with its new Climate Superfund law. If not halted by judges who reject its dubious legal basis, this shark promises to deliver a severe blow to the state\u2019s economy that will harm the \u201cordinary Vermonters\u201d proponents claim the law will help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new law is modeled after the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, which created a \u201cSuperfund\u201d to clean up hazardous waste sites. Under the original Superfund law, companies and any predecessors that dumped hazardous wastes are required to pay the actual cleanup costs for those sites. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, under the Vermont law, U.S. fossil fuel producers and their successors\u2014companies that mined coal, produced natural gas, and extracted and refined crude oil over the 30-year period between 1995 and the end of this year, and whose carbon-equivalent emissions are estimated to have been over one billion metric tons over that period\u2014will be required to pay into a state-administered fund for the climate \u201cdamages\u201d caused by those fuels\u2019 ultimate consumers. Had this same logic applied to the original Superfund law, the government would have forced chemical manufacturers to pay the cleanup costs, rather than the companies that dumped them.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the damages are determined, the liability from each company\u2019s fossil fuel production will be apportioned based on the company\u2019s share of total world emissions. To take a simple example, if between 1995 and 2024 a company refined crude oil that, when combusted, emitted one billion tons of carbon dioxide, and over the same period total world carbon dioxide emissions totaled 800 billion tons, then the company would be allocated 1\/800th<\/sup> of the total estimated damages to Vermont. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to placing liability on U.S. energy producers, rather than end users, there are two fundamental problems with the law.  First, it is impossible to determine that \u201cclimate change\u201d caused any individual weather-related events. For example, last summer, Montpelier, the state capital, was devastated by a flood, which proponents of the new Vermont law claim was caused by climate change.  Yet, the town was similarly devastated almost a century ago, in 1927. Was that the result of climate change, too? In fact, a 1964 publication<\/a> by the U.S. Geological Survey chronicles hundreds of New England floods between 1620 and 1955, including the 1927 one. Were these all caused by climate change, too?  If not, then when did those New England floods begin to be caused by climate change?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This same cause-and-effect problem applies to other alleged damages, whether a poor maple syrup season, lousy snow at the state\u2019s ski areas, or even a summer when the black flies are especially hungry. None can be credibly attributed to burning fossil fuels.  Moreover, how will natural variability be accounted for? Will burning fossil fuels, for example, be \u201ccredited\u201d if a maple syrup season was better than average or if Vermont ski areas had an especially good year?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the impossibility of attributing specific events to burning fossil fuels, the State Treasurer\u2019s office will be required to issue a report in January 2026 that estimates the alleged damages climate change caused the state over the 30-year period and estimates future damages. This leads to the second fundamental problem: How will the Treasurer\u2019s office credibly<\/em> estimate those damages? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Curiously, the state\u2019s bond issuances<\/a>, which the Treasurer\u2019s office also oversees, make no mention of damages from climate change posing an economic risk to the state that could limit future repayments. Even the most recent bond issuance in September 2023, which discusses the economic risks posed by recovery from the Covid pandemic, does not mention any financial risks posed by climate change.  Yet, just four months later, the Climate Superfund bill was introduced, with much fanfare about how climate change has already devastated the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nonsensical estimates of climate-related damages to Vermont belie the real economic damages that will be done to the state\u2019s economy. The first consequence will be higher energy prices. Fossil fuel producers will recoup their costs through higher prices, which sellers (e.g., gasoline stations, heating oil wholesalers, natural gas distribution companies) will recover from consumers. Unlike the presumed damages to the state from climate change, higher energy prices will have immediate and destructive impacts on the state\u2019s economy and beyond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other states are looking hungrily at the law, hoping to enact similar legislation. But imagine if the entire country enacted similar legislation, as many environmentalists want. Last year, U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions were about 5 billion metric tons. Using the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s most recent SCC value, about $200\/ton, the resulting \u201cdamages\u201d are $1 trillion.  Over the past 30 years, the damages would have been around $30 trillion. If, over that time, the U.S. emitted an average of about one-fourth of world CO2\u2014it\u2019s down to about 15% because China\u2019s emissions have increased rapidly\u2013then U.S. energy companies collectively would owe over $7 trillion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No company could pay its share of that amount because it would all be bankrupt if it tried, and no companies would purchase the assets because then they would be liable. The entire scheme would soon collapse. And if fossil fuel producers actually stopped producing fossil fuels, as some environmentalists demand, the U.S. economy\u2014and modern life as we know it\u2014would be wrecked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vermont\u2019s new law ought to be viewed for what it is: a shakedown to benefit the state\u2019s favored constituents at the expense of the public. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Lesser is a senior fellow with the National Center for Energy Analytics<\/a> and the president of Continental Economics. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was originally published by RealClearEnergy and made available via RealClearWire.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Long viewed as a playground for environmentalists, Vermont has jumped the climate change shark with its new Climate Superfund law. If not halted by judges who reject its dubious legal basis, this shark promises to deliver a severe blow to the state\u2019s economy that will harm the \u201cordinary Vermonters\u201d proponents claim the law will help.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":333112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691827130,691829241,691829240],"class_list":{"0":"post-333110","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-carbon-dioxide-co2","9":"tag-climate-superfund-law","10":"tag-vermont","12":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0big-oil-pay-1-20240116.jpg?fit=2000%2C1331&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1oEK","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":439033,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=439033","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":0},"title":"For Minnesota, Climate Obsession Is Just Another Fiscal Disaster","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/04\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Minnesota law sets ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets relative to 2005 levels: 30% by 2025, 50% by 2030, and carbon neutrality by 2050. The 2023 climate package and updated 2026 Climate Action Framework outline hundreds of actions across sectors like electricity, transportation, agriculture, and buildings.","rel":"","context":"In \"\u201cClimate change superfund\u201d\"","block_context":{"text":"\u201cClimate change superfund\u201d","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change-superfund"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-For-Minnesota-Climate-Obsession-Is-Just-Another-Fiscal-Disaster.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-For-Minnesota-Climate-Obsession-Is-Just-Another-Fiscal-Disaster.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-For-Minnesota-Climate-Obsession-Is-Just-Another-Fiscal-Disaster.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/0-For-Minnesota-Climate-Obsession-Is-Just-Another-Fiscal-Disaster.jpg?fit=784%2C1168&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":379395,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=379395","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":1},"title":"Trump targets state climate laws","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"22\/05\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Hydrocarbon fuel producers gain a powerful ally with Trump\u2019s order challenging rules to promote renewable energy.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/0Trump-signs-executive-orders-day-one-z.jpg?fit=1098%2C590&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/0Trump-signs-executive-orders-day-one-z.jpg?fit=1098%2C590&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/0Trump-signs-executive-orders-day-one-z.jpg?fit=1098%2C590&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/0Trump-signs-executive-orders-day-one-z.jpg?fit=1098%2C590&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/0Trump-signs-executive-orders-day-one-z.jpg?fit=1098%2C590&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":378690,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=378690","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":2},"title":"Liability for Climate Change: An Inequitable Economic Disaster","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"17\/05\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Recently, the Trump Administration filed lawsuits seeking to halt efforts by some states to impose liability on fossil fuel companies for their past greenhouse gas emissions. It will likely take some years for these lawsuits to be resolved. What is already clear are the serious and senseless economic consequences that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"\u201cClimate Superfund\u201d laws\"","block_context":{"text":"\u201cClimate Superfund\u201d laws","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-superfund-laws"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_0457.png?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_0457.png?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_0457.png?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_0457.png?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/IMG_0457.png?fit=1200%2C686&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":378766,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=378766","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":3},"title":"Trump Administration Targets State Climate Laws","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"19\/05\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Hydrocarbon fuel producers gain a powerful ally with Trump\u2019s order challenging rules to promote renewable energy.","rel":"","context":"In \"Carbon credits\"","block_context":{"text":"Carbon credits","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-credits"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2GbuWbJMWIAcp5hP-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2GbuWbJMWIAcp5hP-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2GbuWbJMWIAcp5hP-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2GbuWbJMWIAcp5hP-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/2GbuWbJMWIAcp5hP-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":376656,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=376656","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":4},"title":"Blue state green energy overreach could end under Trump","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"27\/04\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"A new Trump\u00a0executive order\u00a0titled \u201cProtecting American Energy from State Overreach\u201d directs U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi to \u201cidentify all state and local laws \u2026 burdening the identification, development, siting, production, or use of domestic energy resources that are or may be unconstitutional, preempted by federal law, or otherwise unenforceable\u201d within\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OIG-80.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OIG-80.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OIG-80.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/OIG-80.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":359128,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=359128","url_meta":{"origin":333110,"position":5},"title":"New York\u2019s New $75 Billion Climate Law \u2013 Legal, Economic, and Scientific Questions","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"27\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"On December 26, 2024, New York Governor Kathy Hochul signed the Climate Change Superfund Act into law. This legislation seeks to collect $75 billion from fossil fuel companies over 25 years to fund climate-related infrastructure and adaptation projects. Framed as a mechanism to hold the fossil fuel industry accountable, the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Change Superfund Act\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Change Superfund Act","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change-superfund-act"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/013355179_060723-kgo-empire-state-building-orange-img.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/013355179_060723-kgo-empire-state-building-orange-img.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/013355179_060723-kgo-empire-state-building-orange-img.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/013355179_060723-kgo-empire-state-building-orange-img.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/013355179_060723-kgo-empire-state-building-orange-img.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=333110"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":333113,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/333110\/revisions\/333113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/333112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=333110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=333110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=333110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}