{"id":328533,"date":"2024-05-13T11:29:39","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T09:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=328533"},"modified":"2024-05-13T11:29:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T09:29:41","slug":"a-geophysicist-explains-geoclimate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=328533","title":{"rendered":"A Geophysicist Explains Geoclimate\u00a0Change"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Science Matters <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n

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Image courtesy of\u00a0Mars: Dry Ice and Dunes \u2013 NASA Science<\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

John Bruyn writes at Quora answering the question: What does carbon dioxide have to do with climate change?<\/strong><\/a>  He is a retired geophysicist with a background in exploration geology, geophysics, seismology, and in remote sensing by satellite. Excerpts in italics with my bolds and added images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The surface of Mars shows that\u00a0CO2 is transparent to radiation<\/strong>\u00a0in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum\u00a0until it becomes reflective as dry ice at temperatures below its -78.5 C<\/strong>\u00a0(109.3 F) freezing point. A black body radiating at such temperatures does so\u00a0at wavelengths close to 15 \u00b5m (microns)<\/strong>, i.e., very low energy at the\u00a0far end of the far infrared<\/strong>\u00a0part of the electromagnetic spectrum.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Energy is a function of frequency and should therefore be plotted on the x-axis (top of this figure) and units of watts should not be included on the y-axis. The colored lines show the spectral radiance predicted by Planck\u2019s law for black bodies with different absolute temperatures. The energy of radiation absorbed by carbon dioxide is near 0.08 electron volts while the UV-B energy that reaches Earth when the ozone layer is depleted is near 4 electron volts, 48 times larger.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Such radiation is inconsequential on Earth<\/strong>\u00a0where the much higher\u00a0global mean surface temperature of about 15 C<\/strong>\u00a0(59 F) makes that impossible and irrelevant in that it would violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The exception would have to be mid-winter on central\u00a0Antarctica<\/strong>\u00a0where the\u00a0temperatures can get as low as -90 C<\/strong>\u00a0(-130 F) but where the roughly 0.042% (420 ppm) CO2 concentration leaves the partial pressure too low for dry ice to form. As that minimum temperature shows,\u00a0any infrared radiation disappears quickly into space at close to the speed of light.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The extra carbon atom makes CO2 more massive than air and
at 0.042% that concentration is critically low for photosynthesis.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Any CO2 we can contribute only serves to improve on that. The reason for that very low concentration is the very much greater abundance of the lighter than air H2O molecules<\/strong> bonding with CO2 inversely proportional to temperature to suspend it temporarily. However, that is restricted to the troposphere with 99% of the Earth\u2019s atmospheric H2O that relies on the bonding with enough CO2 molecules to be able to precipitate<\/strong> and fill water bodies on land and the ocean, currently taking up almost 71% of the global surface. Helping H2O precipitate makes CO2 a cooling agent,<\/strong> including by supporting photosynthesis and ozone formation in the stratosphere.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It follows that the atmospheric\u00a0CO2 concentration is controlled by the amount of water vapour<\/strong>\u00a0in the air and that its concentration rises and falls with the\u00a0variations in insolation and from variations in the speed of the Earth\u2019s rotation<\/strong>. Together they drive the evaporation of H2O from global surface, as well as the CO2 emissions from the ocean in the tropics. Cooling and the\u00a0declining speed<\/strong>\u00a0of the Earth\u2019s rotation\u00a0toward higher latitudes cause evaporation<\/strong>\u00a0and the ocean\u2019s CO2 emissions to decline with latitude and to reverse that process, as well as\u00a0making the ocean the world\u2019s primary carbon sink.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The Milankovic cycles<\/strong>\u00a0have been\u00a0concentrating insolation in the tropics<\/strong>\u00a0with the declining obliquity of the Earth\u2019s spin axis for the last 10 millennia. Perihelion has been adding to that by moving north since the mid-13th century. The declining eccentricity of the Earth\u2019s orbits has been adding to that by\u00a0increasing<\/strong>\u00a0the already supersonic\u00a0speed of the Earth\u2019s rotation<\/strong>\u00a0and will continue to do so for about another 30,000 years. The increasing the centrifugal force (inertia) has been causing the atmospheric CO2 concentration to increase. However, as sea levels continue to decline at the highest latitudes (see Post-glacial rebound \u2013 Wikipedia) and will cause the shallow seas in the tropics to start running dry in about 5 millennia from now, CO2 emissions will start to decline accordingly.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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This plot shows the day length (LOD) variations from Wikipedia and how these have been shortening by milliseconds as a result of the increasing speed of the Earth\u2019s rotation from the declining eccentricity of the Earth\u2019s orbits.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The\u00a0oscillations match the the variations in the sun\u2019s barycentric motions<\/strong>\u00a0caused by the gravity and orbits of the 4 outermost planets (JSUN) with 99.6% of the planetary mass that control the ~11-year solar cycle, as well as the sun\u2019s ~22-year magnetic cycle due to the vertical motion of Jupiter and Saturn with respect to the plane of the solar equator caused by the inclinations of their orbits with respect to that plane and controlled by the orientation of the gravity of the Milky Way galaxy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

These are the solar orbits around the barycentre of the solar system<\/strong>\u00a0from 1970\u20132022 as generated with the Solar Simulator 2 (can be downloaded free of charge, no strings attached). As can be seen from the prior LOD image, the SS2 shows that\u00a0when the solar motion is small, day lengths increase<\/strong>\u00a0and when the solar orbits are large, day lengths reduce. This makes it highly probable that the\u00a0minute changes in the global mean temperatures by fractions of a degree<\/strong>\u00a0that may be picked up with climate models are from the annual\u00a0variations in day lengths instead of CO2 increases.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

This graph (own work, based on NASA JPL Horizons ephemerides) shows that the changes in the Earth\u2019s climate<\/strong> have been happening as a result of the changing shapes of the JSUN orbits<\/strong> for the last 2 millennia (and before that) and their always changing perihelion distances. They show the real reasons for climate change with a 973-year millennial cycle, as well as the roughly 60-year cycle<\/strong> of the phasing of the orbits and great conjunctions of Jupiter and Saturn according to the 5:2 ratio of their orbital periods of 12 years and 29.5 years respectively.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ~60-year great conjunction cycle of Jupiter and Saturn has long been\u00a0recognised by ancient astronomers and in the Chinese calendar.<\/strong>\u00a0The cycle peaked in 2019 and the vertical motion of all 4 of the outermost planets, Jupiter (318 E-mass), Saturn (95 E-mass), Uranus 14.5 E-mass), and Neptune 17.1 E-mass) to a total of 99.6% of the planetary mass all converged well south of the plane of the solar equator\u00a0in 2022,<\/strong>\u00a0pulling the Earth with just 0.22% of the planetary mass a bit further south too and\u00a0exposing more of the northern hemisphere to the sun<\/strong>. And that\u2019s just one of the anthropogenic global warming (AGW)\/climate change tricks, cherry picking the hemispheres and the poles at certain times.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

This image (own work) of the vertical motion of the 4 outermost planets (JSUN) with 99.6% of the planetary mass<\/strong> shows that according to the NASA JPL Horizons ephemerides their orbits put all 4 of them well below the plane of the solar equator with the effect of forcing the Earth orbits a bit further south too and exposing the Arctic to more insolation.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the temperatures of the troposphere<\/strong> are above the freezing point of CO2 it is transparent to electromagnetic radiation<\/strong>., but not when frozen as dry ice in the lower stratosphere<\/strong> with sub-100 C temperatures. In the troposphere, the up to 100 times higher concentration of the lighter than air H2O molecules suspend the CO2 molecules<\/strong> and prevent these from forming a dense high pressure high temperature surface layer as they do on Venus where 1 day takes longer than a year.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It follows that\u00a0driving the best and the largest evaporative cooling and air-conditioning system on Earth<\/strong>\u00a0is the centrifugal force (inertia) of the supersonic roughly 1,677 km\/h (1,042 mph) equatorial speed of the\u00a0Earth\u2019s rotation and mountain ranges that spins CO2 out into the upper atmosphere<\/strong>. On the way back down,\u00a0CO2<\/strong>\u00a0loses its energy in the lower stratosphere and freezing when reaching -78.5 C to become reflective as dry ice but that\u00a0radiation<\/strong>, where and when it happens is\u00a0too weak to have any effect on a much warmer troposphere<\/strong>\u00a0where CO2 gets defrosted by\u00a0bonding with H2O molecules and helping these condense, form clouds, and precipitate<\/strong>\u00a0as slightly acid rain, pH of 5.6 or less but increasing inversely proportional to latitude. The reason for that upward pH gradient toward the poles is from H2O requiring fewer CO2 molecules to precipitate as temperatures decline and the centrifugal force (inertia) of the Earth\u2019s 24-hour rotation period goes to zero. The Earth\u2019s oblateness also causes gravity to increase to its maximum by bringing the surface at the poles closer to the Earth\u2019s core.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

So, the simple proposition<\/strong> is that in the tropics,<\/strong> where the intensity of solar radiation is the greatest, where humidity and cloud cover are the highest, and where the surface temperatures are high, water in the atmosphere does more reflecting while transporting solar energy to higher latitudes to precipitate<\/strong> and where opposite conditions make water in the atmosphere do more reflecting of surface energy as infrared radiation. However, as we well know, water does not reflect all of the surface energy but lets a lot of that through to still leave a substantial cooling effect, as can be noticed from snow and ice accumulation.<\/strong> It means that what shade cloth is to solar radiation in warmer climates, moisture in the air is to surface radiation in colder climates. And, deserts show that where moisture is low, the temperatures plummet overnight.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simply put, we cannot have any control over Earth\u2019s global mean temperatures without significantly increasing the supply of solar energy or changing the distribution of insolation,<\/strong> to melt some of the snow and ice in the Arctic or on Antarctica and raising sea levels. Doing so artificially<\/strong> would reduce the impacts of the impending ice age to some extent (not to be advised from an evolution point of view<\/strong>) by maintaining higher sea levels and keeping the continental shelves covered by water instead of drying out as they are known to have done during the last few ice ages and on the last occasion permitted our early-ancestors to leave Africa and migrate to other continents.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It follows, that as a \u2018greenhouse gas\u2019 CO2 is irrelevant by doing the opposite of what is claimed<\/strong> in support of the climate change hoax and Ponzi scheme,<\/strong> aimed at making us change over to alternatives energy sources to fossil fuels to prevent these from running out during the further cooling of this millennium, as well as making some people a hell of a lot of money<\/strong>. Not the least in that are Elon Musk and the oil, gas, and coal companies that love the higher energy prices<\/strong> from Saudi Arabia cutting back oil production but most tragically also fuelling past and present oil wars<\/strong> including the current wars in Ukraine and Gaza.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And in the Longer Term, Geoclimatic forces will continue to operate:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n
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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

So Remember This . . .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The extra carbon atom makes CO2 more massive than air and
\nat 0.042% that concentration is critically low for photosynthesis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":328552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818056,691818076,691828602,691819660,691828603,691821703],"class_list":["post-328533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-climate-change","tag-co2","tag-geoclimate-change","tag-photosynthesis","tag-the-milankovic-cycles","tag-water-vapour","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/01868412.jpg?fit=1920%2C1200&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1nsV","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":308693,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=308693","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":0},"title":"Detecting Climate Scientists\u2019 Dishonest Fearmongering Loss of Ocean Oxygen","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/15\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"All humans and animals require oxygen to live. So, to evoke public fear, headlines often claimed global warming will cause ocean life to suffocate. They evoke the true but misleading factoid that warmer water holds less oxygen. Thus, rising CO2 will cause the ocean to hold less oxygen leading to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0GIg4c2PbMAAljyo.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1165&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":351997,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=351997","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":1},"title":"Tailpipes and Chimneys Greening Gardens and Forests","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/22\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"As CO2 concentrations rise, the water requirement for many plants decreases, making them more tolerant of drought.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/09d529b_6ae873205cbe440ca5efd27f71a841c9mv2.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/09d529b_6ae873205cbe440ca5efd27f71a841c9mv2.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/09d529b_6ae873205cbe440ca5efd27f71a841c9mv2.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/09d529b_6ae873205cbe440ca5efd27f71a841c9mv2.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/09d529b_6ae873205cbe440ca5efd27f71a841c9mv2.webp?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":349707,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=349707","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":2},"title":"Wrong, Earth.com, Climate Change is Actually Enhancing Life on Earth","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/01\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"An undated Earth.com article claims \u201cThe foundation of life is at risk from climate change.\u201d This is false. 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The article itself is\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-01-082857.png?fit=1054%2C920&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-01-082857.png?fit=1054%2C920&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-01-082857.png?fit=1054%2C920&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-01-082857.png?fit=1054%2C920&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Screenshot-2024-11-01-082857.png?fit=1054%2C920&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281988,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=281988","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":3},"title":"CO2 Greening: Getting Back to the Basics","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/05\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Increased CO2 Levels Making Earth Greener From \u00a0Master Resource By Robert Bradley Jr. \u201cPreference for warmer regions has been a key determinant of internal population shifts in the United States and other industrialized countries in the post-World War II era.\u00a0 Internal migrations toward the Sunbelt have been eased by science\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":364009,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=364009","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":4},"title":"Truths about Coral Bleaching: CO2 Warming vs Reduced Clouds Cover?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/30\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The coral that now form our modern reefs evolved 240 million years ago during the Age of Dinosaurs when coral formed a marvelously fluid symbiotic relationship with symbiodinium algae. The new algae symbionts absorbed CO2 and produced sugars via photosynthesis for the coral. In turn coral respiration produced CO2 that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Bleaching\"","block_context":{"text":"Bleaching","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=bleaching"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":343896,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=343896","url_meta":{"origin":328533,"position":5},"title":"Human CO2 Emissions Are Supercharging Corn Yields","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/21\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"How can carbon dioxide, which has been portrayed as a dangerous pollutant threatening the very existence of humankind, be considered even remotely beneficial?\u00a0\u00a0Sadly, such a question can be expected from people \u2013 children and adults \u2013 who have been fed irrational fears in place of well-established science that shows CO2\u00a0to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Corn_phot-cred-adboe-stock_E.jpg?fit=1080%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Corn_phot-cred-adboe-stock_E.jpg?fit=1080%2C720&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Corn_phot-cred-adboe-stock_E.jpg?fit=1080%2C720&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Corn_phot-cred-adboe-stock_E.jpg?fit=1080%2C720&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0Corn_phot-cred-adboe-stock_E.jpg?fit=1080%2C720&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=328533"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328553,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328533\/revisions\/328553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/328552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=328533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=328533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=328533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}