{"id":304243,"date":"2024-02-25T09:07:38","date_gmt":"2024-02-25T08:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=304243"},"modified":"2024-02-25T09:07:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-25T08:07:40","slug":"why-climate-scientists-were-totally-duped-into-believing-rising-co2-will-harm-coral-and-mollusks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=304243","title":{"rendered":"Why Climate Scientists were Totally Duped into Believing Rising CO2 will Harm Coral and Mollusks."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Jim Steele<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Coral build reefs by producing limestone, or calcium carbonate<\/strong>. The great diversity of shell building mollusks, like clams and oysters, also build their shells out of calcium carbonate. So, scientists assumed<\/strong> that these organisms just pulled carbonate ions from the surrounding sea water and joined it with abundant calcium ions to make reefs and shells, a process referred to as \u201ccalcification<\/strong>\u201d. Many scientists then expressed their heart-felt concerns that more CO2 will reduce the ocean\u2019s carbonate ions and thus stress coral reef building and mollusk shell building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indeed, the increasing absorption of human produced carbon dioxide by the oceans can very slightly lower pH, or in other words, more CO2 increases the oceans\u2019 concentration of H+ ions<\/strong>. It is also unassailable science that when CO2 enters the water, it interacts with water molecules to produce both H+ ions and bicarbonate ions<\/strong>. However, those H+ ions can then interact with carbonate ions and convert them to also form bicarbonate<\/strong> ions and reduce the pool of available carbonate<\/strong> ions. So, NOAA and hundreds of internet websites falsely told the world that \u201cOcean acidification slows the rate at which coral reefs generate calcium carbonate, thus slowing the growth of coral skeletons.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, climate scientists were apparently very ignorant<\/strong> regards the physiology of reef building and shell making. In order for charged ions to pass through an organism\u2019s lipid membranes and enter its calcification chambers, a specialized channel or transporter is required<\/strong>. But for over a decade now, the search for carbonate transporters has failed<\/strong> to find any such transporters in any of these organisms. However, abundant bicarbonate transporters<\/strong> have been readily found and deemed important for making reefs and shells. (graphic B.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From an evolutionary perspective, using the more abundant bi-carbonate ions is most logical. The higher amounts of carbon dioxide when mollusks and coral first evolved, would argue against using scarcer carbonate ions and using abundant bi-carbonate ions. And all those organisms already had the ability to absorb bicarbonate ions and transform it internally into carbonate ions for shell making and reef building by simply pumping out H+ ions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When CO2 enters the oceans, over 90% of it converts to bicarbonate ions whether the oceans\u2019 pH is acidic at pH 6 or basic at pH 9. In contrast, carbonate ions virtually do not exist when ocean pH approaches pH 6<\/strong>. (Graphic A.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can only hope that NOAA and those alarmist websites will soon admit that improved science has revealed the error of their ways<\/strong>, so they will now come clean and tell the public that CO2 has not threatened reef builders and shell builders. In fact, they should report that more CO2 generates more bicarbonate ions which are the real building blocks of shells and reefs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When CO2 enters the oceans, over 90% of it converts to bicarbonate ions whether the oceans\u2019 pH is acidic at pH 6 or basic at pH 9. In contrast, carbonate ions virtually do not exist when ocean pH approaches pH 6. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":304246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"When CO2 enters the oceans, over 90% of it converts to bicarbonate ions whether the oceans\u2019 pH is acidic at pH 6 or basic at pH 9. In contrast, carbonate ions virtually do not exist when ocean pH approaches pH 6. ","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691827154,691818076,691820648,691827155,691824914],"class_list":{"0":"post-304243","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-calcium-carbonate","9":"tag-co2","10":"tag-coral-reefs","11":"tag-h-ions","12":"tag-ocean-acidification","14":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0arrecifes-de-coral1.jpg?fit=1200%2C760&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1h99","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":289427,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=289427","url_meta":{"origin":304243,"position":0},"title":"Un-refutable Evidence of the Ocean Acidification Scam in 3 Easy Lessons","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"By Jim Steele 1. The Undisputed Science: The upper panel of the attached illustration shows how CO2 breaks down into 3 different molecules when CO2 combines with water, collectively called Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC). First one of water\u2019s H+ ion pops off to form Bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions now contribute\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Bicarbonate ions\"","block_context":{"text":"Bicarbonate ions","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=bicarbonate-ions"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GAISF0PagAA1KEj.jpeg?fit=718%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GAISF0PagAA1KEj.jpeg?fit=718%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GAISF0PagAA1KEj.jpeg?fit=718%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GAISF0PagAA1KEj.jpeg?fit=718%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":292306,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=292306","url_meta":{"origin":304243,"position":1},"title":"NOAA Betrays the Public\u2019s Trust in Science by \u201cCard Stacking\u201d Ocean Acidification: Their Sea Butterfly Icon","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"22\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Card stacking is a \u201cpropaganda technique where an organization may use media to favorably show one side of an issue or an argument, while simultaneously downplaying the other side.\u201d NOAA is clearly guilty of card stacking as seen in NOAA\u2019s iconic Ocean Acidification illustration (graphic #1) commonly accompanying their articles\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"acidification\"","block_context":{"text":"acidification","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=acidification"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GB5L7AQagAAtLno.jpeg?fit=824%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GB5L7AQagAAtLno.jpeg?fit=824%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GB5L7AQagAAtLno.jpeg?fit=824%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/00GB5L7AQagAAtLno.jpeg?fit=824%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":292697,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=292697","url_meta":{"origin":304243,"position":2},"title":"VOICES OF CO2 DOOM DISHONESTLY ALARM UNTHINKING WORSHIPPERS WITH CORRELATIONS – WHILE DOWNPLAYING PROVEN CAUSATIONS","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/12\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Climate scientists have been funded to find how rising atmospheric CO2 is affecting our climate and global ecosystems. 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But when a team took cores from 200 year old corals in the ocean \u2014 instead of studying them for a few months in a laboratory \u2014 they discovered some corals\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"200-year-old corals\"","block_context":{"text":"200-year-old corals","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=200-year-old-corals"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMrdP4yvMdDHX0npkcnQ5L9BFjfZ80FJyB5jUgHelQb6Utlm_lSaqFQuqPWuemnUqYEJ-6cXBZ8PyCiOYfYLYS6wM3tfL4-mXrsCGKfMbC1jPbhTBBctfTrjqLOTTRiIDeESHTtxT0_0G9FJdE97fs3mWpC2g.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMrdP4yvMdDHX0npkcnQ5L9BFjfZ80FJyB5jUgHelQb6Utlm_lSaqFQuqPWuemnUqYEJ-6cXBZ8PyCiOYfYLYS6wM3tfL4-mXrsCGKfMbC1jPbhTBBctfTrjqLOTTRiIDeESHTtxT0_0G9FJdE97fs3mWpC2g.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMrdP4yvMdDHX0npkcnQ5L9BFjfZ80FJyB5jUgHelQb6Utlm_lSaqFQuqPWuemnUqYEJ-6cXBZ8PyCiOYfYLYS6wM3tfL4-mXrsCGKfMbC1jPbhTBBctfTrjqLOTTRiIDeESHTtxT0_0G9FJdE97fs3mWpC2g.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMrdP4yvMdDHX0npkcnQ5L9BFjfZ80FJyB5jUgHelQb6Utlm_lSaqFQuqPWuemnUqYEJ-6cXBZ8PyCiOYfYLYS6wM3tfL4-mXrsCGKfMbC1jPbhTBBctfTrjqLOTTRiIDeESHTtxT0_0G9FJdE97fs3mWpC2g.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/AQMrdP4yvMdDHX0npkcnQ5L9BFjfZ80FJyB5jUgHelQb6Utlm_lSaqFQuqPWuemnUqYEJ-6cXBZ8PyCiOYfYLYS6wM3tfL4-mXrsCGKfMbC1jPbhTBBctfTrjqLOTTRiIDeESHTtxT0_0G9FJdE97fs3mWpC2g.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":384983,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=384983","url_meta":{"origin":304243,"position":5},"title":"pHony Alarmism","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"25\/06\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"For a while now scientists have been raising the alarm about the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 on the pH of the ocean. pH is a measure of whether something is acidic (pH below 7), alkaline, also called basic (pH above 7) or neutral (pH of 7). 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