{"id":299227,"date":"2024-02-01T09:42:33","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T08:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=299227"},"modified":"2024-02-01T09:42:36","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T08:42:36","slug":"winning-trillions-spent-on-climate-change-based-on-faulty-temperature-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=299227","title":{"rendered":"WINNING \u2013 Trillions Spent on \u2018Climate Change\u2019 Based on Faulty Temperature Data"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meteorologist finds 96 percent of NOAA temperature stations located in \u2018urban heat islands,\u2019 including next to exhaust fans and on \u2018blistering-hot rooftops.\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Failure to maintain that level could lead to several catastrophes, including increased droughts and weather-related disasters, more heat-related illnesses and deaths, and less food and more poverty, according to NASA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Failure to maintain that level could lead to several catastrophes, including increased droughts and weather-related disasters, more heat-related illnesses and deaths, and less food and more poverty, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\u00a0cautions<\/a>. The\u00a0Epoch Times<\/a><\/strong> has the story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To avert the looming tribulations and limit global temperature increases<\/a>, 194 member states and the European Union in 2016 signed the U.N. Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty<\/a> to \u201csubstantially reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the agreement, global spending on climate-related projects increased exponentially.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021 and 2022, the world\u2019s taxpayers spent, on average, $1.3 trillion each year,<\/strong> according<\/a> to the nonprofit advisory group Climate Policy Initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s more than double the spending rate in 2019 and 2020<\/strong>, which came in at $653 billion per year, and it\u2019s significantly up from the $364 billion per year in 2011 and 2012, the report found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the money pouring in, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported that 2023 was the hottest year on record<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NOAA\u2019s climate monitoring stations found<\/a> that the Earth\u2019s average land and ocean surface temperature in 2023 was 1.35 degrees Celsius above the preindustrial average.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNot only was 2023 the warmest year in NOAA\u2019s 174-year climate record\u2014it was the warmest by far<\/a>,\u201d said<\/a> Sarah Kapnick, NOAA\u2019s chief scientist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA warming planet means we need to be prepared for the impacts of climate change that are happening here and now, like extreme weather events<\/a> that become both more frequent and severe<\/a>.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But a growing chorus of climate scientists are saying the temperature readings are faulty<\/strong><\/a> and that the trillions of dollars pouring in are based on a problem that doesn\u2019t exist.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 90 percent of NOAA\u2019s temperature monitoring stations have a heat bias<\/strong>, according to Anthony Watts, a meteorologist, senior fellow for environment and climate at the Heartland Institute, author of climate website<\/a> Watts Up With That, and director of a study<\/a> that examined NOAA\u2019s climate stations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnd with that large of a number, over 90 percent, the methods that NOAA employs to try to reduce this don\u2019t work<\/strong> because the bias is so overwhelming<\/strong>,\u201d Mr. Watts told The Epoch Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe few stations that are left that are not biased<\/strong> because they are, for example, outside of town in a field<\/strong> and are an agricultural research station<\/strong> that\u2019s been around for 100 years \u2026 their data gets completely swamped by the much larger set of biased data<\/strong>. There\u2019s no way you can adjust that out.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meteorologist Roy Spencer agreed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe surface thermometer data still have spurious warming effects<\/a> due to the urban heat island<\/strong>, which increases over time,\u201d Mr. Spencer said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He is the principal research scientist at the University of Alabama, the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA\u2019s Aqua satellite, and the recipient of NASA\u2019s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal for his work with satellite-based temperature monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Spencer also said that computerized climate models<\/strong><\/a> used to drive changes in energy policy are even more faulty<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Shewchuk, a certified consulting meteorologist, said the problems with temperature readings go beyond heat bias.<\/strong> The retired Lt. Col. was an advanced weather officer in the Air Force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAfter seeing many reports about NOAA\u2019s adjustments to the USHCN<\/a><\/strong> [U.S. Historical Climatology Network] temperature data, I decided to download and analyze the data myself,\u201d Mr. Shewchuk told The Epoch Times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI was able to confirm what others have found. It is obvious that, overall, the past temperatures were cooled while the present temperatures were warmed.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Shewchuk contends that NOAA and NASA have adjusted historical temperature data<\/a><\/strong> in such a way as to make the past appear colder<\/a><\/strong> and, by so doing, make the current warming trend more pronounced<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faulty Temperature Readings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The urban heat island effect<\/a> causes higher temperatures<\/strong> in areas where there are more buildings, roads, and other forms of infrastructure that absorb and then radiate the sun\u2019s heat, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The agency estimates<\/a> that \u201cdaytime temperatures in urban areas are 1\u20137 degrees Fahrenheit higher<\/strong> than temperatures in outlying areas, and nighttime temperatures are about 2\u20135 degrees Fahrenheit higher.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consequently, NOAA requires all its climate observation stations<\/strong> to be located at least 100 feet away<\/strong> from elements such as concrete, asphalt, and buildings.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, in March 2009, Mr. Watts released a report<\/a> that showed that 89 percent of NOAA\u2019s stations had heat bias issues<\/strong> due to being located within 100 feet of those elements<\/strong>, and many were located by airport runways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe found stations located next to the exhaust fans of air conditioning units<\/a>, surrounded by asphalt parking lots and roads<\/strong>, on blistering-hot rooftops<\/strong>, and near sidewalks<\/strong> and buildings<\/strong> that absorb and radiate heat<\/strong>,\u201d Mr. Watts said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe found 68 stations located at wastewater treatment plants<\/strong>, where the process of waste digestion causes temperatures to be higher<\/strong> than in surrounding areas.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The report concluded that the U.S. temperature record was unreliable<\/strong>, and, because it was considered \u201cthe best in the world,\u201d global temperature databases<\/a> were also \u201ccompromised and unreliable.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the report, the U.S. Office of Inspector General (OIG) and the U.S. Government Accountability Office confirmed<\/a> Mr. Watt\u2019s findings<\/strong> and said NOAA was taking steps to address the issues<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNOAA acknowledges that there are problems with the USHCN data due to biases<\/strong> introduced by such means as undocumented site relocation<\/strong>, poor siting,<\/strong> or instrument changes,\u201d<\/strong> the OIG report states<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAll of the experts thought that an improved, modernized climate reporting system is necessary<\/strong> to eliminate the need for data adjustments.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the assurances, Mr. Watts had doubts about NOAA addressing the issues and in April and May of 2022, he and his team revisited many of the same temperature stations they\u2019d observed in 2009.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Watts published his findings in a new study<\/a>, on July 27, 2022. It found that even more, approximately 96 percent, of NOAA\u2019s temperature stations<\/a><\/strong> still failed to meet its standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are two main biases in the surface temperature network<\/strong> for the United States, and most likely the world, that I have identified,\u201d Mr. Watts said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe\u00a0biggest bias is the urban heat island effect.<\/strong>\u00a0What happens is that because\u00a0heat is retained by the surfaces and released into the air at night<\/strong>, the night\u2019s low temperature is not as low as it could be if the thermometer were outside of town and in a field.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, he said, more and more infrastructure has been built up around the thermometer locations<\/strong>, and at night, the asphalt and concrete release the absorbed heat and push up the temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou can look at any set of climate data, no matter who produces it, and you can see this effect. The low temperatures are trending upward much faster<\/strong>, and the high temperatures are virtually unchanged<\/strong>. But it\u2019s the average temperature that\u2019s being used<\/a> to track climate change,\u201d Mr. Watts said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He said that even though both NOAA and NASA claim they can adjust their data to account for the urban heat island effect, the bias is impossible to overcome<\/strong> because the problem impacts 96 percent of surface stations.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He said the\u00a0few thermometers located at climate stations<\/strong>\u00a0not experiencing a heat bias\u00a0show\u00a0half the rate of warming<\/a>\u00a0currently being reported.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read the full story here<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Meteorologist finds 96 percent of NOAA temperature stations located in \u2018urban heat islands,\u2019 including next to exhaust fans and on \u2018blistering-hot rooftops.\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":299232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Meteorologist finds 96 percent of NOAA temperature stations located in \u2018urban heat islands,\u2019 including next to exhaust fans and on \u2018blistering-hot rooftops.\u2019","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691826648,691826646,691826649,691818397,691821407,691826647,691826645],"class_list":["post-299227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-1-3-trillion-each-year","tag-droughts-and-weather-related-disasters","tag-meteorologist-roy-spencer","tag-noaa","tag-temperature-stations","tag-u-n-paris-agreement","tag-urban-heat-islands","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1fQf","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":269918,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=269918","url_meta":{"origin":299227,"position":0},"title":"Houston Recognizes They Have a Problem, the UHI.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/28\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"On Wednesday, July 25, ABC13 in Houston reported on the city\u2019s temperatures from new data that accounted for the\u00a0Urban Heat Island effect\u00a0(UHI) within the city and its surrounding suburbs. 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