{"id":290556,"date":"2023-12-09T11:56:28","date_gmt":"2023-12-09T10:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290556"},"modified":"2023-12-09T11:56:30","modified_gmt":"2023-12-09T10:56:30","slug":"confirmed-temperature-drives-co2-not-the-reverse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290556","title":{"rendered":"Confirmed: Temperature Drives CO2, not the\u00a0Reverse"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" data-attachment-id=\"290563\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=290563\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?fit=1280%2C720&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?fit=723%2C407&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?resize=723%2C407&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-290563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"http:\/\/rclutz.com\/\">Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/author\/ronaldrc\/\">Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.londonstimes.us\/toons\/cartoons\/joel_chicken_or_egg.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From notrickszone&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/notrickszone.com\/2023\/09\/18\/new-study-the-rising-co2-causes-warming-perception-not-supported-by-real-world-observation\/\"><strong>New Study: The Rising-CO2-Causes-Warming Perception Not Supported By Real-World Observation.<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp; Excerpts in italics with my bolds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>One of the most basic concepts in physics is that&nbsp;<strong>causes precede effects and effects follow causes.<\/strong>&nbsp;Determining the directionality sequence is thus essential in any causality analysis.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The assumed CO\u2082\u2192T causality direction cannot be scientifically supported<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The assumption&nbsp;<strong>in climate models<\/strong>&nbsp;is that CO\u2082 causes changes in temperature, or T. More specifically, it is&nbsp;<strong>assumed modern global warming has been caused by increases in anthropogenic CO\u2082 emissions.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>However, scientists (Koutsoyiannis et al., 2023) have now expanded upon last year\u2019s 2-part study on stochastics-formulated causality published in The Royal Society (Koutsoyiannis et al., 2022 (1) and Koutsoyiannis et al., 2022 (2)) where they notably contend:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cClearly the results [\u2026] suggest&nbsp;<strong>a (mono-directional) potentially causal system with T as the cause and [CO\u2082] as the effect.<\/strong>&nbsp;Hence the common perception that<strong>&nbsp;increasing [CO\u2082] causes increased T<\/strong>&nbsp;can be excluded as it&nbsp;<strong>violates the necessary condition for this causality<\/strong>&nbsp;direction.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The analysis is in complete agreement with several posts here, especially:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-science-matters wp-block-embed-science-matters\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yMYf9oquhx\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/2023\/01\/05\/temps-cause-co2-changes-not-the-reverse-2023-update\/\">Temps Cause CO2 Changes, Not the Reverse. 2023&nbsp;Update<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Temps Cause CO2 Changes, Not the Reverse. 2023&nbsp;Update&#8221; &#8212; Science Matters\" src=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/2023\/01\/05\/temps-cause-co2-changes-not-the-reverse-2023-update\/embed\/#?secret=OG5Y8qLlds#?secret=yMYf9oquhx\" data-secret=\"yMYf9oquhx\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The paper is<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2413-4155\/5\/3\/35\"><strong>&nbsp;On Hens, Eggs, Temperatures and CO2: Causal Links in Earth\u2019s Atmosphere<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;by Demetris Koutsoyiannis et al.&nbsp; Excerpts in italics with my bolds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The<strong>&nbsp;scientific and wider interest in the relationship<\/strong>&nbsp;between atmospheric temperature (T) and concentration of carbon dioxide ([CO2]) has been enormous. According to the&nbsp;<strong>commonly assumed<\/strong>&nbsp;causality link,<strong>&nbsp;increased [CO2] causes a rise in T.<\/strong>&nbsp;However,&nbsp;<strong>recent developments cast doubts<\/strong>&nbsp;on this assumption by showing that this relationship is of the hen-or-egg type, or even unidirectional but opposite in direction to the commonly assumed one. These developments include<strong>&nbsp;an advanced theoretical framework for testing causality<\/strong>&nbsp;based on the stochastic evaluation of a potentially causal link&nbsp;<strong>between<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>two processes<\/strong>&nbsp;via the notion of the impulse response function. Using, on the one hand, this framework and further expanding it&nbsp;<strong>and<\/strong>, on the other hand,&nbsp;<strong>the longest available modern time series of globally averaged T and [CO2],<\/strong>&nbsp;we shed light on the potential causality between these two processes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#cf2e2e\" class=\"has-inline-color\">All evidence resulting from the analyses suggests a unidirectional,<br>potentially causal link with T as the cause and [CO2] as the effect.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>That link is not represented in\u00a0<strong>climate models,<\/strong>\u00a0whose\u00a0<strong>outputs<\/strong>\u00a0are also\u00a0<strong>examined using the same framework<\/strong>, resulting in<strong>\u00a0a link opposite<\/strong>\u00a0the one found when the real measurements are used.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Discussion and Further Results<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The mainstream assumption of the&nbsp;<strong>causality direction [CO2] \u2192 T makes a compelling narrative,<\/strong>&nbsp;as everything is blamed on&nbsp;<strong>a single cause, the human CO2 emissions.<\/strong>&nbsp;Indeed, this has been the popular narrative for decades. However, popularity does not necessarily mean correctness, and&nbsp;<strong>here we have provided strong arguments against this assumption.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Since we have identified atmospheric temperature as the cause and atmospheric CO2 concentration as the effect, one may be tempted to ask the question:&nbsp;<strong>What is the cause of the modern increase in temperature?<\/strong>&nbsp;Apparently, this question is much&nbsp;<strong>more difficult<\/strong>&nbsp;to reply to,&nbsp;<strong>as we can no longer attribute everything to any single agent.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>We do not claim to have the answer to this question<\/strong>, whose study is far beyond the article\u2019s scope.&nbsp;<strong>Neither do we believe that mainstream climatic theory,<\/strong>&nbsp;which is focused upon human CO2 emissions as the main cause and regards everything else as feedback of the single main cause,&nbsp;<strong>can explain what happened on Earth for 4.5 billion years of changing climate.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The examined<strong>&nbsp;processes<\/strong>&nbsp;in the Appendices are&nbsp;<strong>internal to the climatic system.<\/strong>&nbsp;Other processes affecting T, not examined here,&nbsp;<strong>could also be external<\/strong>&nbsp;(e.g., solar and astronomical [43,44] and geological [45,46,47,48,49]). Generally, in complex systems, an identified causal link, even though it gives some explanation of a phenomenon, raises additional questions, e.g., what caused the change in the identified cause, etc. In turn,&nbsp;<strong>causal links in complex systems may form endless sequences<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>For this reason, it is&nbsp;<strong>na\u00efve<\/strong>&nbsp;to expect complete answers to problems related to complex systems or<strong>&nbsp;to assume that a complex system is in permanent equilibrium and that an external agent is needed to \u201ckick\u201d it out of the equilibrium and produce change.<\/strong>&nbsp;Yet the<strong>&nbsp;investigation of a single causal link<\/strong>&nbsp;between two processes, as is the focus of this paper, provides&nbsp;<strong>useful information<\/strong>, with possible significant scientific, technical, practical, epistemological and philosophical implications. These are not covered in this paper.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>As already clarified, the scope of our work is not to provide detailed modeling of the processes studied but to check causality conditions. We highlight the fact that the relationship we established explains only about 1\/3 of the actual variance of \u0394ln[CO2]. This is not negligible for investigating causality, but also leaves\u00a0<strong>a margin for many other climatic factors to act.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" data-attachment-id=\"290558\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=290558\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?fit=1280%2C720&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?fit=723%2C407&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?resize=723%2C407&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-290558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?resize=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0carl-sagan-science-as-free-inquiry.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>With reference to points 1\u20137 of the Introduction setting the paper\u2019s scope, the results of our analyses can be summarized as follows.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>All evidence resulting from the analyses<\/strong>&nbsp;of the longest available modern time series of atmospheric concentration of [CO2] at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, along with that of globally averaged T,&nbsp;<strong>suggests a unidirectional, potentially causal link with T as the cause and [CO2] as the effect.<\/strong>&nbsp;This direction of causality holds for the entire period covered by the observations (more than 60 years).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Seasonality<\/strong>, as reflected in different phases of [CO2] time series at different latitudes,&nbsp;<strong>does not play any role in potential causality<\/strong>, as confirmed by replacing the Mauna Loa [CO2] time series with that in South Pole.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>The<strong>&nbsp;unidirectional \ud835\udc47\u2192ln[CO2]<\/strong>&nbsp;potential causal link&nbsp;<strong>applies<\/strong>&nbsp;to all timescales resolved by the available data,&nbsp;<strong>from monthly to about two decades.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>The proposed&nbsp;<strong>methodology is simple, flexible and effective i<\/strong>n disambiguating cases where the type of causality, HOE or unidirectional, is not quite clear.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Furthermore, the methodology defines a type of data analysis that, regardless of the detection of causality per se,&nbsp;<strong>assesses modeling performance<\/strong>&nbsp;by comparing observational data with model results. In particular, the analysis of&nbsp;<strong>climate model outputs reveals a misrepresentation of the causal link by these models<\/strong>, which suggest a causality direction opposite to the one found when the real measurements are used.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>Extensions of the scope<\/strong>&nbsp;of the methodology, i.e., from detecting possible causality to building a more detailed model of stochastic type,&nbsp;<strong>are possible<\/strong>, as illustrated by a toy model for the T-[CO2] system, with explained variance of [CO2] reaching an impressive 99.9%.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><strong>While some of the findings of this study seem counterintuitive or contrary to mainstream opinions, they are logically and computationally supported by arguments and calculations given in the Appendices.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"290560\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=290560\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?fit=501%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"501,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0coal-fired-evs\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?fit=501%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=501%2C500&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-290560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?w=501&amp;ssl=1 501w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=400%2C400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=450%2C450&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0coal-fired-evs.png?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/09\/coal-fired-evs.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All evidence resulting from the analyses suggests a unidirectional,<br \/>\npotentially causal link with T as the cause and [CO2] as the effect.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":290563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"All evidence resulting from the analyses suggests a unidirectional,\npotentially causal link with T as the cause and [CO2] as the effect.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818056,691818153,691818076,691825169,691819222],"class_list":["post-290556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-climate-change","tag-climate-models","tag-co2","tag-human-co2-emissions","tag-temperature","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/0Why-Carbon-Dioxide-is-the-Miracle-Molecule-of-Life-for-GREENING-our-planet-v2.jpg?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1dAo","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":281066,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=281066","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":0},"title":"New Study: \u2018Atmospheric CO2 Is Not The Cause Of Climate Change\u2019 \u2026 The Next Glaciation Has Begun","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"09\/29\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"CO2 \u201conly affects a small range of long-wave re-radiation from the surface of the Earth,\u201d and there \u201cseems to be no connection between carbon dioxide and the temperature of the Earth.\u201d \u2212 Harris, 2023","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-867.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-867.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-867.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-867.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/image-867.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":288903,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=288903","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":1},"title":"Three Graphs That Show There Is No \u2018Climate Crisis\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/27\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From The Daily Sceptic BY\u00a0JOHN STADDON As the West fitfully weakens industrial civilisation by trying to eliminate oil, coal and natural gas as energy sources, the scientific basis for Net Zero is based more on \u2018general agreement\u2019 than hard data. Climate scientists nevertheless\u00a0sound optimistic\u00a0about the progress that\u2019s being made in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Carbon Emissions\"","block_context":{"text":"Carbon Emissions","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-emissions"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/OIG-2023-07-29T140641.234-1.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":290527,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=290527","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":2},"title":"Another Day, Another Scientific Paper Insists \u2018Global Warming Is Not Caused By Increased CO2\u2019","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/08\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The present increase in CO2\u00a0concentration and temperature is similar to one 55 million years ago, indicating that the Earth passed a 'tipping point' around 1750.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate crisis\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate crisis","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-crisis"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-179.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-179.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-179.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-179.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-179.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":257887,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=257887","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":3},"title":"Objection! Warming Alarm is Hearsay, Lacking\u00a0Evidence.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/17\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"For a hypothesis to reach the status of being a\u00a0legit theory,\u00a0it\u00a0requires\u00a0withstanding the onslaught of\u00a0observed empirical evidence. The CAGW hypothesis is no such animal.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Evidence.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Evidence.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Evidence.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Evidence.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Evidence.jpeg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":256798,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=256798","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":4},"title":"New Study: 90% Of Recent Warming Is From Shortwave Cloud Forcing\u2026Humans Contributed 0.03\u00b0C","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Thus, not only is the \u201ccausality used in IPCC reports wrong,\u201d but \u201cthe greenhouse effect cannot explain climate change.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Cloud-Forcing.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Cloud-Forcing.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Cloud-Forcing.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Cloud-Forcing.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0-Cloud-Forcing.jpeg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":271809,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=271809","url_meta":{"origin":290556,"position":5},"title":"CO2 Plant Transpiration Reduction Is a 9.1 Factor Larger Global Warming Driver Than CO2 GHG.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"CO2 is not the big driver.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0Carbon_cycle-cute_diagram-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C825&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=290556"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":290564,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290556\/revisions\/290564"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/290563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=290556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=290556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=290556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}