{"id":285117,"date":"2023-10-26T12:14:31","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:14:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=285117"},"modified":"2023-10-26T12:14:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:14:34","slug":"sowell-exposes-social-justice-fallacies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=285117","title":{"rendered":"Sowell Exposes Social Justice\u00a0Fallacies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"285135\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285135\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?fit=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,800\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0sowell\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?fit=723%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?resize=723%2C482&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>In his latest book, renowned economist and author demolishes the myths that underpin the social justice movement.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"412\" data-attachment-id=\"285137\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285137\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?fit=1864%2C1062&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1864,1062\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-728\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?fit=723%2C412&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=723%2C412&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=1024%2C583&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=768%2C438&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=1536%2C875&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?resize=1200%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?w=1864&amp;ssl=1 1864w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-728.png?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"http:\/\/rclutz.com\/\">Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/author\/ronaldrc\/\">Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"542\" data-attachment-id=\"285119\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285119\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?fit=1000%2C750&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1000,750\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-720\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?fit=723%2C542&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=723%2C542&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=400%2C300&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-720.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Matthew Lau reviews Thomas Sowell\u2019s latest book Social Justice Fallacies in a Financial Post article:<strong>&nbsp;No sacred cows in Thomas Sowell\u2019s takedown of social justice fallacies.<\/strong>&nbsp; Excerpts in italics with my bolds and added images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">In his latest book, renowned economist and author demolishes<br>the myths that underpin the social justice movement.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Thomas Sowell, age 93, famed economist and author of more than 40 books<\/strong>, last month published his latest: Social Justice Fallacies. In it he\u00a0<strong>asserts plain facts such as that life is unfair and central planners are fallible<\/strong>, realities too often ignored or\u00a0<strong>downplayed by those looking to impose top-down visions of \u201csocial justice.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"326\" data-attachment-id=\"285121\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285121\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?fit=1020%2C460&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1020,460\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-721\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?fit=723%2C326&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?resize=723%2C326&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?w=1020&amp;ssl=1 1020w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?resize=300%2C135&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-721.png?resize=768%2C346&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Among his targets are:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>price controls,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>minimum wage laws,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>the myth that American Black poverty is due to systemic racism,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>high marginal tax rates,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>teachers unions\u2019 monopoly on schooling,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>exaggerations of income inequality by people who ignore income mobility,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>affirmative action,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u201csex education\u201d in public schools (Sowell uses the scare quotes repeatedly)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>To each of these and many other things, Sowell brings facts, examples, and statistics.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>On the notion that the United States is a systemically racist or white supremacist society,<\/strong>&nbsp;Sowell notes that the&nbsp;<strong>median incomes of Americans of Chinese, Japanese, Indian and Korean ancestry are higher than<\/strong>&nbsp;those of&nbsp;<strong>white Americans.<\/strong>&nbsp;Citing a 2019 U.S. Census Bureau survey, he points out that \u201camong full-time, year-round male workers, Asian Indian males earned over $39,000 a year more than white male full-time, year-round workers\u201d \u2014&nbsp;<strong>an unlikely outcome if white supremacy were pervasive.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Black family poverty has long been higher than white family poverty but, as Sowell explains,&nbsp;<strong>the poverty rate of Black married-couple families is consistently below the national poverty rate<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>\u201cIf black family poverty is caused by \u2018systemic racism,\u2019\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;he asks,&nbsp;<strong>\u201cdo racists make an exception for blacks who are married?\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Another case-closing rhetorical question from Sowell:&nbsp;<strong>\u201cAre Asians \u2018kept out\u2019 of professional basketball or Californians \u2018kept out\u2019 of the National Hockey League?\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;In American sports, he notes, \u201c<strong>Blacks<\/strong>&nbsp;are very&nbsp;<strong>over-represented in<\/strong>&nbsp;professional&nbsp;<strong>basketball<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>whites in<\/strong>&nbsp;professional&nbsp;<strong>tennis<\/strong>, and<strong>&nbsp;Hispanics in<\/strong>&nbsp;Major League&nbsp;<strong>Baseball<\/strong>.\u201d There are<strong>&nbsp;more NHL players from Sweden than California<\/strong>&nbsp;even though Sweden is on another continent and has about one-quarter California\u2019s population. But these facts do not mean professional sports leagues all engage in racism or other bigotry.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">No affirmative action or other initiative is needed to<br>\u201ccorrect\u201d these unequal outcomes between groups.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>If Sowell\u2019s arguments about government economic control, race, economic disparities and other questions sound familiar, it is because&nbsp;<strong>he has written on these issues for decades<\/strong>. The same&nbsp;<strong>fallacies he and others have repeatedly debunked keep reappearing<\/strong>&nbsp;and need to be whacked down again and again \u2014 which Sowell continues to do.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"377\" data-attachment-id=\"285122\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285122\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?fit=960%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-722\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?fit=723%2C377&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?resize=723%2C377&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?resize=300%2C156&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-722.png?resize=768%2C400&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>In Social Justice Fallacies,&nbsp;<strong>Sowell again attacks racial preferences in university admissions<\/strong>, arguing that&nbsp;<strong>admitting minority students into university programs<\/strong>&nbsp;for which they are&nbsp;<strong>not academically qualified does them no favours<\/strong>. Black students at the 80th percentile are very good students but putting them into elite programs where their classmates are in the 99th percentile sets them up for failure. Under affirmative action, Sowell writes,&nbsp;<strong>most Black students admitted to the University of California (Berkeley) during the 1980s failed to graduate.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Another policy that activists promote in the name of social justice, but that hurts Blacks:\u00a0<strong>minimum wage laws<\/strong>, which the data show\u00a0<strong>significantly increase Black teenage unemployment by pricing many of them out of jobs.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"340\" data-attachment-id=\"285124\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285124\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?fit=850%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"850,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-723\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?fit=723%2C340&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?resize=723%2C340&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?resize=300%2C141&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-723.png?resize=768%2C361&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>There are no sacred cows in Social Justice Fallacies. Sowell argues that&nbsp;<strong>\u201csurrogates who introduced \u2018sex education\u2019 into public schools in the 1960s\u201d were pre-empting parents\u2019 decisions<\/strong>&nbsp;about when and how to teach their children about sex. He points to data showing that before such education was introduced venereal diseases and teenage pregnancies had been declining for years, but&nbsp;<strong>after its introduction teenage pregnancies rapidly rose and the incidence of venereal diseases either rose or declined less rapidly than before.<\/strong>&nbsp;These facts alone do not prove causation between public school \u201csex education\u201d and venereal diseases and teenage pregnancies, but they are&nbsp;<strong>not encouraging,<\/strong>&nbsp;either.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Explaining facts and demolishing fallacies, as Sowell does, is important.&nbsp;<strong>When activists distort reality by fashioning narratives to justify their top-down initiatives, they often cause more harm<\/strong>&nbsp;than the original injustices (whether real or perceived) they say they want to correct.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Citing Barack Obama\u2019s memoir, Dreams from My Father<\/strong>, Sowell gives the example of&nbsp;<strong>a young Black man who wanted to become a pilot but decided not to pursue it<\/strong>&nbsp;because&nbsp;<strong>he thought the Air Force would never let a Black man fly.<\/strong>&nbsp;Sowell points out this was&nbsp;<strong>decades after a whole squadron of Black American fighter pilots flew in World War II.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u201cWhoever indoctrinated this young man,\u201d Sowell concluded,<br>\u201cdid him more harm than a racist could have,<br>by keeping him from even trying to become a pilot.\u201d<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>In Addition, Thomas Sowell\u2019s Wisdom and Scholarship on Affirmative Action<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Excerpts on Affirmative Action from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thomas-Sowell-Reader\/dp\/0465022502\"><strong>The Thomas Sowell Reader\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"325\" data-attachment-id=\"285125\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285125\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-724.png?fit=640%2C325&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,325\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-724\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-724.png?fit=640%2C325&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-724.png?resize=640%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285125\" style=\"width:760px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-724.png?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-724.png?resize=300%2C152&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Assumptions Behind Affirmative Action<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>With affirmative action suddenly coming under political attack from many directions, and with even liberals backing away from it, we&nbsp;<strong>need to question not only its underlying assumptions but also what some of the alternatives are.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">At the heart of the affirmative action approach is the notion that statistical disparities<br>show discrimination. No dogma has taken a deeper hold with less evidence<br>\u2014or in the face of more massive evidence to the contrary.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A recent story in the Wall Street Journal revealed that more than<strong>&nbsp;four-fifths of all the doughnut shops in California are owned by Cambodians.<\/strong>&nbsp;That is about the&nbsp;<strong>same proportion as blacks among basketball stars.<\/strong>&nbsp;Clearly,&nbsp;<strong>neither<\/strong>&nbsp;of these disparities is&nbsp;<strong>due to discrimination against whites.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Nor are such disparities new or peculiar to the United States<\/strong>. In medieval Europe, most of the inhabitants of the towns in Poland and Hungary were neither Poles nor Hungarians. In nineteenth-century&nbsp;<strong>Bombay<\/strong>, most of the&nbsp;<strong>shipbuilders were Parsees<\/strong>, a minority in Bombay and less than one percent of the population of India.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>In twentieth-century&nbsp;<strong>Australia<\/strong>&nbsp;most of the&nbsp;<strong>fishermen<\/strong>&nbsp;in the port of Freemantle came&nbsp;<strong>from two villages in Italy.<\/strong>&nbsp;In southern&nbsp;<strong>Brazil<\/strong>, whole industries were owned by people of&nbsp;<strong>German ancestry<\/strong>&nbsp;and such crops as tomatoes and tea have been grown predominantly by people of<strong>&nbsp;Japanese ancestry.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Page after page\u2014if not book after book\u2014could be filled with similar statistical disparities from around the world and down through history.&nbsp;<strong>Such disparities have been the rule, not the exception.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Yet our courts have turned reality upside down and treated what happens<br>all over this planet as an anomaly and what is seldom found<br>anywhere\u2014proportional representation\u2014as a norm.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Why are such disparities so common?<strong>&nbsp;Because all kinds of work require particular skills, particular experience, particular locations and particular orientations<\/strong>. And none of these things is randomly distributed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Local demagogues<\/strong>&nbsp;who&nbsp;<strong>thunder<\/strong>&nbsp;against the fact<strong>&nbsp;that Koreans run so many stores in black ghettoes<\/strong>&nbsp;merely betray their ignorance when they act as if this were something strange or unusual. For most of the&nbsp;<strong>merchants in an area to be of a different race or ethnicity from their customers has been common<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>for centuries<\/strong>&nbsp;in Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, West Africa, the Caribbean, Fiji, the Ottoman Empire and numerous other places.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>When German and Jewish merchants moved into Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, they brought with them&nbsp;<strong>much more experience in that occupation<\/strong>&nbsp;than that possessed by local Eastern European merchants, who were often wiped out by the new competition. Even when the competition takes place between people who are racially and ethnically identical,<strong>&nbsp;all kinds of historical, geographical and other circumstances can make one set of these people far more effective in some activities than the others.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Mountain people have often lagged behind those on the plains below,<\/strong>&nbsp;whether highland Scots versus lowland Scots or the Sinhalese in the highlands of Sri Lanka versus the Sinhalese on the plains. The Slavs living along the Adriatic coast in ports like Dubrovnik were for centuries far more advanced than Slavs living in the interior, just as coastal peoples have tended to be more advanced than peoples of the interior hinterlands in Africa or Asia.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Some disparities of course have their roots in discrimination. But<strong>&nbsp;the fatal mistake is to infer discrimination whenever the statistical disparities exceed what can be accounted for by random chance.<\/strong>&nbsp;Human beings are not random. They have very pronounced and complex cultural patterns.&nbsp; These patterns are not unchanging. But changing them for the better requires first acknowledging that \u201chuman capital\u201d is crucial to economic advancement.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Those who make careers out of attributing disparities to the wickedness of other people<br>are an obstacle to the development of more human capital among the poor.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>There was a time<\/strong>, as late as the mid-nineteenth century,&nbsp;<strong>when Japan lagged far behind the Western industrial nations<\/strong>&nbsp;because it was&nbsp;<strong>lacking in the kind of human capital needed<\/strong>&nbsp;in a modern economy. Importing Western technology was not enough, for the Japanese lacked the knowledge and experience required to operate it effectively.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Japanese workmen damaged or ruined machinery<\/strong>&nbsp;when they tried to use it. Fabrics were also ruined when the Japanese tried to dye them without understanding chemistry. Whole factories were badly designed and had to be reconstructed at great cost.&nbsp; What saved the Japanese was that<strong>&nbsp;they recognized their own backwardness\u2014and worked for generations to overcome it.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">They did not have cultural relativists to tell them that all cultures are equally valid<br>or political activists to tell them that their troubles were all somebody else\u2019s fault.<br>Nor were there guilt-ridden outsiders offering them largess.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Affirmative action has been one of the great distractions from the real task of self-development.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>When it<\/strong>&nbsp;and the mindset that it represents<strong>&nbsp;passes from the scene, poorer minorities can become the biggest beneficiaries<\/strong>, if their attention and efforts turn toward improving themselves.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Unfortunately, a whole industry of civil rights activists, politicians and miscellaneous hustlers has every vested interest in promoting victimhood, resentment and paranoia instead.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"340\" data-attachment-id=\"285128\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285128\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?fit=850%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"850,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-725\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?fit=723%2C340&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?resize=723%2C340&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?w=850&amp;ssl=1 850w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?resize=300%2C141&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-725.png?resize=768%2C361&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Affirmative Action Around the World<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>While controversies rage over \u201caffirmative action\u201d policies in the United States, few Americans seem to notice the existence or relevance of similar policies in other countries around the world. Instead, the arguments pro and con both tend to invoke history and traditions that are distinctively American. Yet&nbsp;<strong>group preferences and quotas have existed in other countries with wholly different histories and traditions<\/strong>\u2014and, in some countries, such policies have existed much longer than in the United States.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><em>What can the experiences of these other countries tell us? Are there common patterns, common rationales, common results? Or is the American situation unique?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ironically, a claim or assumption of national uniqueness is one of the most common patterns found in numerous countries where group preferences and quotas have existed under a variety of names. The special situation of<strong>&nbsp;the Maoris in New Zealand,<\/strong>&nbsp;based on the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, is invoked&nbsp;<strong>as passionately<\/strong>&nbsp;in defense of preferential treatment<strong>&nbsp;there as the unique position of untouchables in India or of blacks in the United States.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Despite how widespread affirmative action programs have become, even the<strong>&nbsp;promoters of such programs<\/strong>&nbsp;have seldom been bold enough to proclaim preferences and quotas to be desirable on principle or as permanent features of society. On the contrary, considerable effort has been made to&nbsp;<strong>depict such policies as \u201ctemporary,\u201d even when in fact these preferences turn out not only to persist but to grow.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Official affirmative action or group preference policies must be\u00a0<strong>distinguished from whatever purely subjective preferences or prejudices may exist<\/strong>\u00a0among individuals and groups. These subjective feelings may of course influence policies, but the primary\u00a0<strong>focus here is on concrete government policies and their empirical consequences<\/strong>\u2014not on their rationales, hopes, or promises, though these latter considerations will not be wholly ignored. Fundamentally, however, this is a study of\u00a0<strong>what actually happens<\/strong>, rather than a philosophical exploration of issues that have been amply\u2014if not more than amply\u2014explored elsewhere.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"263\" data-attachment-id=\"285130\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285130\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-726.png?fit=500%2C263&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"500,263\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-726\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-726.png?fit=500%2C263&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-726.png?resize=500%2C263&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285130\" style=\"width:759px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-726.png?w=500&amp;ssl=1 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-726.png?resize=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The resurgence of group preferences in societies committed to the equality of individuals before the law has been accompanied by claims not only that these preferences would be temporary, but also that they would be limited, rather than pervasive. That is,&nbsp;<strong>these programs would supposedly be limited not only in time but also in scope<\/strong>, with equal treatment policies prevailing outside the limited domain where members of particular groups would be given special help.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Similar reasoning was applied in the United States to both employment and admissions to colleges and universities.<\/strong>&nbsp;Initially, it was proposed that there would be&nbsp;<strong>special \u201coutreach\u201d efforts to contact minority individuals<\/strong>&nbsp;with information and encouragement to apply for jobs or college admissions in places where they might not have felt welcome before, but&nbsp;<strong>with the proviso that they would not be given special preferences throughout the whole subsequent processes of acceptance and advancement.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Similar policies and results have also been achieved in less blatant ways. During the era of the&nbsp;<strong>Soviet Union, professors were pressured to give preferential grading to Central Asian students<\/strong>&nbsp;and what has been called&nbsp;<strong>\u201caffirmative grading\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;has also occurred in the United States, in order&nbsp;<strong>to prevent excessive failure rates<\/strong>&nbsp;among minority students admitted under lower academic standards. In&nbsp;<strong>India<\/strong>, such practices have been&nbsp;<strong>referred to as \u201cgrace marks.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;Similar results can be achieved indirectly by<strong>&nbsp;providing ethnic studies courses that give easy grades<\/strong>&nbsp;and attract disproportionately the members of one ethnic group. This too is not peculiar to the United States. There are Maori studies programs in New Zealand and special studies for Malays in Singapore.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">In the job market as well, the belief that special concerns for particular groups<br>could be confined to an initial stage proved untenable in practice.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Initially, the term \u201caffirmative action\u201d arose in the United States from an executive order by&nbsp;<strong>President John F. Kennedy, who called for \u201caffirmative action to ensure that the applicants are employed,<\/strong>&nbsp;and that employees are treated during employment without regard to race, color, creed, or national origin.\u201d In short, there were to be&nbsp;<strong>no preferences or quotas at all, just a special concern<\/strong>&nbsp;to make sure that those who had been discriminated against in the past would no longer be discriminated against in the future\u2014and that concrete steps should be taken so that all and sundry would be made aware of this.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">However, just as academic preferences initially limited in scope continued to expand,<br>so did the concept of affirmative action in the job market.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A later&nbsp;<strong>executive order by President Lyndon Johnson<\/strong>&nbsp;in 1968 contained the<strong>&nbsp;fateful expressions \u201cgoals and timetables\u201d and \u201crepresentation.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;In December 1971, yet another&nbsp;<strong>Nixon executive order specified that \u201cgoals and timetables\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;were meant to \u201cincrease materially the utilization of minorities and women,\u201d with \u201cunder-utilization\u201d being spelled out as \u201chaving fewer minorities or women in a particular job classification than would reasonably be expected by their availability.\u201d&nbsp;<strong>Affirmative action was now a numerical concept, whether called \u201cgoals\u201d or \u201cquotas.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This confident pronouncement, however,&nbsp;<strong>presupposed a degree of control which has proved illusory<\/strong>&nbsp;in country after country. Moreover, \u201cwhen and where there is&nbsp;<strong>social and economic inequality\u201d encompasses virtually the entire world and virtually the entire history of the human race<\/strong>. A \u201ctemporary\u201d program to eliminate a centuries-old condition is almost a contradiction in terms.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Equality of opportunity might be achieved within some feasible span of time,<br>but that is wholly different from eliminating inequalities of results.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Even an approximate&nbsp;<strong>equality of \u201crepresentation\u201d of different groups in different occupations,<\/strong>&nbsp;institutions or income levels has been a&nbsp;<strong>very rare\u2014or non-existent\u2014phenomenon<\/strong>, except where such numerical results have been imposed artificially by quotas. As a&nbsp;<strong>massive scholarly study of ethnic groups<\/strong>&nbsp;around the world put it, when discussing \u201c<strong>proportional representation\u201d of ethnic groups, \u201cfew, if any societies have ever approximated this description.\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>In short, the even representation of groups that is taken as a norm is difficult or impossible to find anywhere, while<strong>&nbsp;the uneven representation that is regarded as a special deviation to be corrected is pervasive across the most disparate societies<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>People differ\u2014and have for centuries.<\/strong>&nbsp;It is hard to imagine how they could not differ, given the enormous range of differing historical, cultural, geographic, demographic and other factors shaping the particular skills, habits, and attitudes of different groups.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#e81515\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Any \u201ctemporary\u201d policy whose duration is defined by the goal of achieving something that has never been achieved before, anywhere in the world, could more fittingly be characterized as eternal.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"309\" data-attachment-id=\"285133\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=285133\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-727.png?fit=588%2C309&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"588,309\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-727\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-727.png?fit=588%2C309&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-727.png?resize=588%2C309&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-285133\" style=\"width:760px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-727.png?w=588&amp;ssl=1 588w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-727.png?resize=300%2C158&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In his latest book, renowned economist and author demolishes the myths that underpin the social justice movement. From Science Matters By\u00a0Ron Clutz Matthew Lau reviews Thomas Sowell\u2019s latest book Social Justice Fallacies in a Financial Post article:&nbsp;No sacred cows in Thomas Sowell\u2019s takedown of social justice fallacies.&nbsp; Excerpts in italics with my bolds and added [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":285135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"In his latest book, renowned economist and author demolishes the myths that underpin the social justice movement.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691824009,691824011,691824010,691824008],"class_list":{"0":"post-285117","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-economic-contro","9":"tag-economic-disparities","10":"tag-race","11":"tag-thomas-sowell","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/0sowell.png?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1caF","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":212391,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=212391","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":0},"title":"Sowell:  Point of No Return","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/07\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Dr. Thomas Sowell writes at Creators.com\u00a0The Point of No Return.\u00a0 Excerpts in italics with my bolds and added images.\u00a0 H\\T Tyler Durden This is an\u00a0election year. But the issues this year are not about Democrats and Republicans. The\u00a0big issue\u00a0is\u00a0whether this nation has degenerated to a point of no return\u00a0\u2014 a\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-204.png?fit=759%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-204.png?fit=759%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-204.png?fit=759%2C422&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-204.png?fit=759%2C422&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":246526,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=246526","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":1},"title":"Sowell Explains How Newspeak Works","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/02\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"As with swamps, what was once messy and smelly was now turned into something we had a duty to protect.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-78.png?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-78.png?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-78.png?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-78.png?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-78.png?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":332806,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=332806","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":2},"title":"Socialism\u2019s very quiet revolution","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/14\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In his 1949 book, The Road Ahead: America\u2019s Creeping Revolution, John T. Flynn warns about the \u201cgreat tides of thought and appetite that run unseen deeply below the surface of society.\u201d These unseen tides are political waves that shape the law and institutional policy, but because they are unseen, there\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"American Revolution\"","block_context":{"text":"American Revolution","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=american-revolution"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0Screenshot-2024-06-14-082256.png?fit=1200%2C999&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0Screenshot-2024-06-14-082256.png?fit=1200%2C999&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0Screenshot-2024-06-14-082256.png?fit=1200%2C999&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0Screenshot-2024-06-14-082256.png?fit=1200%2C999&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/0Screenshot-2024-06-14-082256.png?fit=1200%2C999&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":269150,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=269150","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":3},"title":"Total Calamity: Wind &amp; Solar \u2018Transition\u2019 On Collision Course With Bitter\u00a0Reality","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/24\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Australia is, without doubt, the most over governed country on earth, with more mouthpieces and slackers per head of population than anywhere else.","rel":"","context":"In \"Australia\"","block_context":{"text":"Australia","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=australia"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/059414bbeb6f3b-1.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/059414bbeb6f3b-1.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/059414bbeb6f3b-1.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/059414bbeb6f3b-1.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/059414bbeb6f3b-1.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":282264,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=282264","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":4},"title":"The Jupiter Effect: The Hubris of Green Central Planners","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/06\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Watts Up With That? In the annals of history, there have been countless tales of rulers and leaders who, in their hubris, believed they could command the very forces of nature. The ancient Roman god Jupiter, King of Gods, was believed to be above the fray of mere mortals, wielding\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-138.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-138.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-138.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-138.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":234493,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=234493","url_meta":{"origin":285117,"position":5},"title":"The Case For Climate Justice","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/16\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"It\u2019s not what they would have you\u00a0believe","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/00pexels-photo-6077325.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/00pexels-photo-6077325.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/00pexels-photo-6077325.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/00pexels-photo-6077325.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/00pexels-photo-6077325.webp?fit=1200%2C799&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=285117"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285139,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285117\/revisions\/285139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/285135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=285117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=285117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=285117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}