{"id":278781,"date":"2023-09-14T20:45:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T18:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=278781"},"modified":"2023-09-14T20:45:11","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T18:45:11","slug":"imf-mad-hatters-notion-of-hydrocarbon-subsidies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=278781","title":{"rendered":"IMF Mad Hatters\u2019 Notion of Hydrocarbon \u201cSubsidies\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The recent IMF updated report on fossil fuel subsidies took on the appearance of the Mad Hatter\u2019s tea party (Alice in Wonderland) when you look into what is claimed to be subidizing hydrocarbon energy.  Robert Lyman explains the tricks and dishonesty running through this ongoing narrative against conventional energy sources, while ignoring the massive taxpayer direct funding of wind and solar power.  His Financial Post article is Most fossil-fuel \u2018subsidies\u2019 aren\u2019t actually subsidies. <\/strong> <\/a>Excerpts later on with my bolds and added images.  But my overview of the context for these remarks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Context\u2013Back to Basic Terms<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Climate activists and renewables lobbyists are acting like Mad Hatters, twisting language and logic to pursue their agendas. Let there be some common sense injected here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A subsidy<\/strong> would be when the government takes money that has been taxed, borrowed, or printed, and pays it to some company like Solyndra to do something that the market does not support. Often these subsidies subsidize technologies that do not exist and may never exist (and they say WE ignore the laws of physics.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, a tax reduction<\/strong> is NOT a subsidy. A tax credit says an industry gets to keep more of its own money that it has produced selling a product people want and need in the free market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is a huge difference between a law that lets you keep more of your own money; and another law that actually gives you someone else\u2019s money. The two are not the same thing. Actually, the oil industry pays higher taxation rates than other industries and subsidizes the government with the billions it pays in taxes, not the other way around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are also billions more in economic benefit to the nation from the jobs they create and the increased mobility and productivity people enjoy by using our transportation system based on hydrocarbon fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Big Lie:\u00a0 IMF counts not charging companies the full costs of global warming
as a subsidy. Common sense says it isn\u2019t<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economists are used to having their terminology misinterpreted, co-opted and misused, usually in the interests of politics.<\/strong> One of the most common words to suffer this fate is \u201csubsidy.\u201d The Gage Canadian dictionary defines a subsidy as \u201ca grant or contribution of money<\/strong>, especially one made by a government.\u201d Economists would agree with that definition. Governments<\/strong>, on the other hand, rarely<\/strong> acknowledge<\/strong> that they subsidize<\/strong> anything. They \u201cinvest\u201d \u2014 though, curiously, they seldom refer to the rate of return on their investments.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I was reminded of all this by the news last week<\/strong> that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has published an updated version of its 2015 Working Paper on global and country-level subsidies for fossil fuels.<\/strong> According to the paper, total global subsidies \u201csurged to a record $7 trillion last year,\u201d<\/strong> equivalent to 7.1 per cent of world GDP.<\/strong> The paper\u2019s authors estimate that scrapping these subsidies would: prevent 1.6 million premature deaths annually, raise government revenues by $4.4 trillion and put emissions on track to reaching official global warming targets. An annex<\/strong> to the report indicates that in 2020 Canada\u2019s subsidies to fossil fuels were US$64 billion, or 3.8 per cent of GDP.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The paper\u2019s extraordinary findings are almost entirely the result of how it defines \u201csubsidy.\u201d
It divides subsidies to fossil fuels into \u201cexplicit\u201d and \u201cimplicit\u201d subsidies.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Subsidies Wordplay<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Explicit subsidies<\/strong> are the kind economists and ordinary people would recognize as subsidies:<\/strong> grants to cover some portion of the costs of production, as well as tax incentives and deductions (e.g., capital cost allowances) to fossil fuel producers for such things as investing in exploration and development.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By contrast, \u201cimplicit\u201d subsidies are<\/strong> defined as \u201cunder-charging\u201d producers for the environmental costs<\/strong> they generate from their exploration and production activities and consumers for perceived environmental costs<\/strong> not adequately covered by various consumption taxes (e.g., sales taxes, value-added taxes and carbon taxes).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

So when, for instance, a country fails to impose a consumption tax high enough
to cover the perceived costs to society of climate change, congestion or
local pollution, the paper would classify that as a subsidy.<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The working paper indicates that explicit global subsidies were US$450 billion in 2020, or six per cent<\/strong> of the total. Most of these are actually so-called tax expenditures:<\/strong> tax credits or deductions for investments in high-risk exploration and development activities, similar to those provided to firms in other sectors of the economy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

94% of Hydrocarbon \u201cSubsidies\u2019 Actually \u201cExternalties\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

That leaves the 94 per cent of subsidies that were what the paper refers to as \u201cexternalities.\u201d Let\u2019s be clear. Externalities are not subsidies. They are a cost or benefit of an economic activity that affects a third party not directly related to that activity.<\/strong> The cost is not always evident, nor is it clear by what mechanisms such costs and benefits should be shared. While the paper does not break down the percentages attributed to externalities, its 2015 predecessor estimated that the costs of global warming were 37 per cent, local air pollution 13 per cent, congestion 32 per cent,<\/strong> vehicle accidents five per cent and road damage two per cent. In effect, the paper is arguing that not making the fossil fuel industry pay the full cost of global warming constitutes a subsidy to the industry.<\/strong> The same for its not paying the full cost of local air pollution or of traffic congestion or road deaths, and so on. Attribution of any of these costs to fossil fuels is highly questionable, but one obvious question is why fossil fuels are to blame for road congestion. If all vehicles were electric, would there be no congestion?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The vast majority of what the paper calls \u201csubsidies\u201d thus relate to charges not imposed<\/strong> for the harmful external effects of consuming fossil fuels, especially in oil-producing countries<\/strong> that choose to impose lower excise and sales taxes on gasoline and other fuels. The paper finds that East Asia and the Pacific regions<\/strong> account for almost half of total global energy subsidies. In effect, the report concludes that the prices of energy should be substantially raised for the world\u2019s poor.<\/strong> This, of course, was not noted in the media summaries of the paper.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The paper did not explain how it calculated Canada\u2019s 2020 subsidies to fossil fuels<\/strong> but, given its general analysis, one can only assume it was based on the judgment that fossil fuel costs to consumers were not high enough. But in 2018, total taxes on gasoline alone were roughly $24 billion.<\/strong> One has to wonder how the IMF\u2019s math figures that this, and the more recent increases in carbon taxes<\/strong>, still constitute under-charging for externalities.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A final difficulty with the\u00a0IMF paper<\/strong>\u00a0is that it\u00a0excludes any consideration of the positive externalities from reliance on fossil fuels.<\/strong>\u00a0They are the\u00a0most secure, affordable, storable, and reliable energy sources<\/strong>\u00a0we have, and the ones upon which the remarkable advances in the global economy over the last century have been based. That is well worth bearing in mind as we consider the meaning of \u201csubsidy.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Mad Hatters turn things upside down. Society is subsidized and made wealthy by fossil fuels, not the other way around. Some of that wealth is being diverted to renewable energy companies who do not create enough value to be in business without direct payments of tax dollars. They prove it by declaring bankruptcy when their subsidies are reduced. \u00a0Worse, hooking up wind and solar intermittent power to electrical grids adds more cost and unreliability than the renewable power is worth.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Read More about Energy Subsidies Abuse<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Appalling Truth About Energy Subsidies<\/a> at Euan Mearns<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renewable Energy Cost Explosion: \u20ac25,000 euros for each German family of four<\/a>  Daniel Wetzel, Die Welt (translation by GWPF)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s an Oil Subsidy?<\/a> Heritage Foundation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net Subsidy Analysis: A Better Way to Assess Government Energy Policy<\/a> MasterResource<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why the Best Path to a Low-Carbon Future is Not Wind or Solar Power<\/a> Brookings Institution<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Killing the Energy Goose<\/a>\u00a0Science Matters<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
At its prime, the Carrizo Plain (S. California) was by far the largest photovoltaic array in the world, with 100,000 1\u2032x 4\u2032 photovoltaic arrays generating 5.2 megawatts at its peak. The plant was originally constructed by ARCO in 1983 and was dismantled in the late 1990s. The used panels are still being resold throughout the world.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n



<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The recent IMF updated report on fossil fuel subsidies took on the appearance of the Mad Hatter\u2019s tea party (Alice in Wonderland) when you look into what is claimed to be subidizing hydrocarbon energy.\u00a0 Robert Lyman explains the tricks and dishonesty running through this ongoing narrative against conventional energy sources, while ignoring the massive taxpayer direct funding of wind and solar power.\u00a0 His Financial Post article is\u00a0Most fossil-fuel \u2018subsidies\u2019 aren\u2019t actually subsidies.\u00a0\u00a0Excerpts later on with my bolds and added images.\u00a0 But my overview of the context for these remarks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":278793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818056,691818886,691819452,691822620,691818299,691819121],"class_list":{"0":"post-278781","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-climate-change","9":"tag-fossil-fuel","10":"tag-global-warming-hypothesis","11":"tag-imf","12":"tag-subsidies","13":"tag-wind-and-solar-power","15":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0thumb-1920-246304.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-1awt","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":279048,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=279048","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":0},"title":"The Mirage of Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Unraveling the IMF\u2019s Dubious Claims","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"16\/09\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Legacy media, with its penchant for sensationalism, recently paraded a headline that would give even the most seasoned energy analyst pause: \u201cFossil fuels being subsidised at rate of $13 million a minute, says IMF\u201d. Citing a staggering $7 trillion in support for fossil fuels in 2022, the claim is audacious,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0International_Monetary_Fund_logo.jpg?fit=1178%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0International_Monetary_Fund_logo.jpg?fit=1178%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0International_Monetary_Fund_logo.jpg?fit=1178%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0International_Monetary_Fund_logo.jpg?fit=1178%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/0International_Monetary_Fund_logo.jpg?fit=1178%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":390991,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390991","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":1},"title":"The fantasy land of \u201cFossil Fuel Subsidies\u201d where even a car accident, a traffic jam are a subsidy","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"27\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Paul Homewood came across another die-hard believer still saying \u201cWhat about all the subsidies!\u201d He reminds us of the Guardian headline hand-wringing over $7 Trillion dollars of subsidies in support of fossil fuels. The main source of this meme is the IMF, so I went to their two year old\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"fossil fuels\"","block_context":{"text":"fossil fuels","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=fossil-fuels"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/OIG-22.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/OIG-22.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/OIG-22.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/OIG-22.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":390135,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=390135","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":2},"title":"The $7 Trillion Fossil Fuel Subsidy\u00a0Swindle","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"We\u2019re used to claims that fossil fuels are being subsidised to the tune of trillions of pounds by governments around the world.","rel":"","context":"In \"$7 trillion\"","block_context":{"text":"$7 trillion","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=7-trillion"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQMsc5sRhENLawe0_X_Fm7tC589LwEQB1EVE74mxGwbPMr2cjWWSVQWQCZByGlcxLMW35Cqp_xJZdLf-MOpqsZtazzOgpRo44LhbRsymXgoDX6o6mW65Sy_b9qc_oS2FQ2pD7wJWRLD_qO7n-IHgdYuplL-l.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQMsc5sRhENLawe0_X_Fm7tC589LwEQB1EVE74mxGwbPMr2cjWWSVQWQCZByGlcxLMW35Cqp_xJZdLf-MOpqsZtazzOgpRo44LhbRsymXgoDX6o6mW65Sy_b9qc_oS2FQ2pD7wJWRLD_qO7n-IHgdYuplL-l.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQMsc5sRhENLawe0_X_Fm7tC589LwEQB1EVE74mxGwbPMr2cjWWSVQWQCZByGlcxLMW35Cqp_xJZdLf-MOpqsZtazzOgpRo44LhbRsymXgoDX6o6mW65Sy_b9qc_oS2FQ2pD7wJWRLD_qO7n-IHgdYuplL-l.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQMsc5sRhENLawe0_X_Fm7tC589LwEQB1EVE74mxGwbPMr2cjWWSVQWQCZByGlcxLMW35Cqp_xJZdLf-MOpqsZtazzOgpRo44LhbRsymXgoDX6o6mW65Sy_b9qc_oS2FQ2pD7wJWRLD_qO7n-IHgdYuplL-l.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/AQMsc5sRhENLawe0_X_Fm7tC589LwEQB1EVE74mxGwbPMr2cjWWSVQWQCZByGlcxLMW35Cqp_xJZdLf-MOpqsZtazzOgpRo44LhbRsymXgoDX6o6mW65Sy_b9qc_oS2FQ2pD7wJWRLD_qO7n-IHgdYuplL-l.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":249766,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=249766","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":3},"title":"Rank Innumeracy On The Cost Of Electricity From Renewables","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/03\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"To me one of the most striking things about the chart is the low level of penetration of wind- and solar-based electricity in primary energy consumption in every country, even after decades of massive subsidies and extreme political pressure to \u201csave the planet\u201d by means of an energy transition.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-992.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-992.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-992.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-992.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-992.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":245085,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=245085","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":4},"title":"Rank Innumeracy On The Cost Of Electricity From Renewables","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"23\/02\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A special case of this phenomenon is that the highest gurus of high finance \u2014 the people who are most trusted to have mastered basic numeracy, and who get to pass out trillions of dollars of public funds \u2014 are completely innumerate.","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-656.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-656.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-656.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-656.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-656.png?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":284477,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=284477","url_meta":{"origin":278781,"position":5},"title":"CCN Demand Higher Energy Prices (But Don\u2019t Tell The\u00a0Proles!)","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"22\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The far left extremists and eco- nutters really want is for us all to pay much more for our energy in the name of global warming. Well, what do they want to tell us when we get a colder climate period? From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT By\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CCN\"","block_context":{"text":"CCN","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=ccn"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/5f3c4f30cb34dc2ac325aab70c566517.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/5f3c4f30cb34dc2ac325aab70c566517.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/5f3c4f30cb34dc2ac325aab70c566517.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/5f3c4f30cb34dc2ac325aab70c566517.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/5f3c4f30cb34dc2ac325aab70c566517.jpeg?fit=1200%2C673&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=278781"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":278795,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278781\/revisions\/278795"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/278793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=278781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=278781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=278781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}