{"id":273267,"date":"2023-08-13T18:35:02","date_gmt":"2023-08-13T16:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=273267"},"modified":"2023-08-13T18:35:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-13T16:35:19","slug":"uah-el-nino-rescues-global-warming-july-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=273267","title":{"rendered":"UAH: El Nino Rescues Global Warming July\u00a02023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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From Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0By\u00a0Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposed again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0 It is as though the anti-hydrocarbon band wagon hopes to drown out the data contradicting their justification for the Great Energy Transition.\u00a0 Yes, there is warming from an El Nino buildup coincidental with North Atlantic warming, but no basis to blame it on CO2.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As an overview consider how recent rapid cooling\u00a0 completely overcame the warming from the last 3 El Ninos (1998, 2010 and 2016).\u00a0 The UAH record shows that the effects of the last one were gone as of April 2021, again in November 2021, and in February and June 2022\u00a0 At year end 2022 and continuing into 2023 global temp anomaly matched or went lower than average since 1995, an ENSO neutral year. (UAH baseline is now 1991-2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

For reference I added an overlay of CO2 annual concentrations as measured at Mauna Loa.\u00a0 While temperatures fluctuated up and down ending flat, CO2 went up steadily by ~60 ppm, a 15% increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, going back to previous warmings prior to the satellite record shows that the entire rise of 0.8C since 1947 is due to oceanic, not human activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The animation is an update of a previous analysis from Dr. Murry Salby.\u00a0 These graphs use Hadcrut4 and include the 2016 El Nino warming event.\u00a0 The exhibit shows since 1947 GMT warmed by 0.8 C, from 13.9 to 14.7, as estimated by Hadcrut4.\u00a0 This resulted from three natural warming events involving ocean cycles. The most recent rise 2013-16 lifted temperatures by 0.2C.\u00a0 Previously the 1997-98 El Nino produced a plateau increase of 0.4C.\u00a0 Before that, a rise from 1977-81 added 0.2C to start the warming since 1947.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importantly, the theory of human-caused global warming asserts that increasing CO2 in the atmosphere changes the baseline and causes systemic warming in our climate.\u00a0 On the contrary, all of the warming since 1947 was episodic, coming from three brief events associated with oceanic cycles.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Update August 3, 2021<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Chris Schoeneveld has produced a similar graph to the animation above, with a temperature series combining HadCRUT4 and UAH6. H\/T WUWT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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See Also Worst Threat: Greenhouse Gas or Quiet Sun?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

July 2023 Update El Nino plus North Atlantic Spikes Hit Summer Highs<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
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With apologies to Paul Revere, this post is on the lookout for cooler weather with an eye on both the Land and the Sea.\u00a0 While you will hear a lot about 2020-21 temperatures matching 2016 as the highest ever, that spin ignores how fast the cooling set in.\u00a0 The UAH data analyzed below shows that warming from the last El Nino had fully dissipated with chilly temperatures in all regions. After a warming blip in 2022, land and ocean temps dropped again with 2023 starting below the mean since 1995.\u00a0 Now in July EL Nino appears in a major Tropical ocean air spike in concert with North Atlantic high temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UAH has updated their tlt (temperatures in lower troposphere) dataset for July 2023. Posts on their reading of ocean air temps this month preceded updated records from HadSST4.\u00a0 I last posted on SSTs using HadSST4\u00a0North Atlantic Warming June 2023.<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0This month also has a separate graph of land air temps because the comparisons and contrasts are interesting as we contemplate possible cooling in coming months and years. Sometimes air temps over land diverge from ocean air changes.\u00a0 For example in May 2023, ocean temps in all regions moved upward, while Tropical and NH land air temps dropped sharply.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In July, as shown later on, Global ocean air jumpted upward led by rising temps in all regions, led by Tropics and NH.\u00a0 Land air temps augmented this warming also with spikes in all regions.\u00a0 Thus the land + ocean Global UAH temperature is now nearly matching the 2016 peak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Note:\u00a0 UAH has shifted their baseline from 1981-2010 to 1991-2020 beginning with January 2021.\u00a0 In the charts below, the trends and fluctuations remain the same but the anomaly values change with the baseline reference shift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Presently sea surface temperatures (SST) are the best available indicator of heat content gained or lost from earth\u2019s climate system.\u00a0 Enthalpy is the thermodynamic term for total heat content in a system, and humidity differences in air parcels affect enthalpy.\u00a0 Measuring water temperature directly avoids distorted impressions from air measurements.\u00a0 In addition, ocean covers 71% of the planet surface and thus dominates surface temperature estimates.\u00a0 Eventually we will likely have reliable means of recording water temperatures at depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recently, Dr. Ole Humlum reported from his research that\u00a0air temperatures lag 2-3 months behind changes in SST<\/strong>.\u00a0 Thus the cooling oceans now portend cooling land air temperatures to follow.\u00a0 He also observed that changes in CO2 atmospheric concentrations lag behind SST by 11-12 months.\u00a0 This latter point is addressed in a previous post\u00a0Who to Blame for Rising CO2?<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

After a change in priorities, updates are now exclusive to HadSST4.\u00a0 For comparison we can also look at lower troposphere temperatures (TLT) from UAHv6 which are now posted for July.\u00a0 The temperature record is derived from microwave sounding units (MSU) on board satellites like the one pictured above. Recently there was a change in UAH processing of satellite drift corrections, including dropping one platform which can no longer be corrected. The graphs below are taken from the revised and current dataset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UAH dataset includes temperature results for air above the oceans, and thus should be most comparable to the SSTs. There is the additional feature that ocean air temps avoid Urban Heat Islands (UHI).\u00a0 The graph below shows monthly anomalies for ocean air temps since January 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Note 2020 was warmed mainly by a spike in February in all regions, and secondarily by an October spike in NH alone. In 2021, SH and the Tropics both pulled the Global anomaly down to a new low in April. Then SH and Tropics upward spikes, along with NH warming brought Global temps to a peak in October.\u00a0 That warmth was gone as November 2021 ocean temps plummeted everywhere. After an upward bump 01\/2022 temps reversed and plunged downward in June.\u00a0 After an upward spike in July, ocean air everywhere cooled in August and also in September.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After sharp cooling everywhere in January 2023, all regions were into negative territory. Note the Tropics matched the lowest, but since\u00a0 have spiked sharply upward +1.25C, with the largest increases in May, June and July 2023.\u00a0 NH also warmed 0.6C in the last 3 months, while SH ocean air rose 0.5C since February. Global Ocean air July 2023 is second only to 2016, which had Feb.\/March peaks followed by cooling.\u00a0 The strength of the El Nino will determine the latter half of this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Land Air Temperatures Tracking Downward in Seesaw Pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We sometimes overlook that in climate temperature records, while the oceans are measured directly with SSTs, land temps are measured only indirectly.\u00a0 The land temperature records at surface stations sample air temps at 2 meters above ground.\u00a0 UAH gives tlt anomalies for air over land separately from ocean air temps.\u00a0 The graph updated for June is below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Here we have fresh evidence of the greater volatility of the Land temperatures, along with extraordinary departures by SH land.\u00a0 Land temps are dominated by NH with a 2021 spike in January,\u00a0 then dropping before rising in the summer to peak in October 2021. As with the ocean air temps, all that was erased in November with a sharp cooling everywhere.\u00a0 After a summer 2022 NH spike, land temps dropped everywhere, and in January, further cooling in SH and Tropics offset by an uptick in NH.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Remarkably, in 2023, SH land air anomaly shot up 1.5C, from  -0.56C in January to +0.93 in July.  Tropical land temps are up 1.25 since January and NH Land air temps rose 0.7.   The consolidated rise resembles the upward spikes starting in September 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Bigger Picture UAH Global Since 1980<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The chart shows monthly Global anomalies starting 01\/1980 to present.\u00a0 The average monthly anomaly is -0.06, for this period of more than four decades.\u00a0 The graph shows the 1998 El Nino after which the mean resumed, and again after the smaller 2010 event. The 2016 El Nino matched 1998 peak and in addition NH after effects lasted longer, followed by the NH warming 2019-20.\u00a0 \u00a0An upward bump in 2021 was reversed with temps having returned close to the mean as of 2\/2022.\u00a0 March and April brought warmer Global temps, later reversed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the sharp drops in Nov., Dec. and January 2023 temps, there was no increase over 1980. Now in 2023 the buildup to the July peak resembles closely the sharp July peak of the El Nino 1998 event. It is second only to the March peak in 2016.\u00a0 Where it goes from here, up or down, remains to be seen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLTs include mixing above the oceans and probably some influence from nearby more volatile land temps.\u00a0 Clearly NH and Global land temps have been dropping in a seesaw pattern, nearly 1C lower than the 2016 peak.\u00a0 Since the ocean has 1000 times the heat capacity as the atmosphere, that cooling is a significant driving force.\u00a0 TLT measures started the recent cooling later than SSTs from HadSST3, but are now showing the same pattern. Despite the three El Ninos, their warming has not persisted prior to 2023, and without them it would probably have cooled since 1995.\u00a0 Of course, the future has not yet been written.<\/p>\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposed again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":273287,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818076,691818200,691818087],"class_list":{"0":"post-273267","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-co2","9":"tag-el-nino","10":"tag-global-warming","12":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/OIG-44.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-195x","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":262629,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=262629","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":0},"title":"El Nino Warms UAH Air Temps in May\u00a02023","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/17\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0la-nina-versus-el-nino-winter-weather-pattern-comparison-north-america.png?fit=1200%2C575&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0la-nina-versus-el-nino-winter-weather-pattern-comparison-north-america.png?fit=1200%2C575&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0la-nina-versus-el-nino-winter-weather-pattern-comparison-north-america.png?fit=1200%2C575&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0la-nina-versus-el-nino-winter-weather-pattern-comparison-north-america.png?fit=1200%2C575&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0la-nina-versus-el-nino-winter-weather-pattern-comparison-north-america.png?fit=1200%2C575&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":294647,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=294647","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":1},"title":"UAH December 2023: Cooling Despite El Nino\u00a0Spike","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0NOAA-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C663&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0NOAA-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C663&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0NOAA-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C663&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0NOAA-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C663&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/0NOAA-Mauna-Loa-Observatory-scaled-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C663&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266624,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=266624","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":2},"title":"Little Warming in June 2023 UAH Air\u00a0Temps","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/10\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-302.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-302.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-302.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-302.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":300163,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=300163","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":3},"title":"UAH January 2024: Ocean Warm, Land\u00a0Cooling","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/07\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0 It is as though the anti-hydrocarbon band wagon hopes to drown out the data contradicting their justification for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Ocean-Sunset-Background-.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Ocean-Sunset-Background-.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Ocean-Sunset-Background-.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Ocean-Sunset-Background-.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0Ocean-Sunset-Background-.jpg?fit=1200%2C750&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":310501,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=310501","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":4},"title":"UAH February 2024: SH Saves Global\u00a0Warming","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"03\/20\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.","rel":"","context":"In \"air temperatures\"","block_context":{"text":"air temperatures","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=air-temperatures"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0imrs-1.webp?fit=1200%2C819&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0imrs-1.webp?fit=1200%2C819&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0imrs-1.webp?fit=1200%2C819&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0imrs-1.webp?fit=1200%2C819&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0imrs-1.webp?fit=1200%2C819&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":350268,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=350268","url_meta":{"origin":273267,"position":5},"title":"UAH October 2024: NH and Tropics Lead Global\u00a0Cooling","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/06\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The post below updates the UAH record of air temperatures over land and ocean. Each month and year exposes again the growing disconnect between the real world and the Zero Carbon zealots.\u00a0 It is as though the anti-hydrocarbon band wagon hopes to drown out the data contradicting their justification for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO2)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO2)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Fall-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C721&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Fall-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C721&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Fall-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C721&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Fall-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C721&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0Fall-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C721&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=273267"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":273289,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/273267\/revisions\/273289"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/273287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=273267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=273267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=273267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}