{"id":271773,"date":"2023-08-06T14:56:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-06T12:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=271773"},"modified":"2023-08-06T15:03:43","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T13:03:43","slug":"record-global-temperatures-driven-by-hunga-tonga-volcanic-water-vapor-visualized","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=271773","title":{"rendered":"Record Global Temperatures Driven by Hunga-Tonga Volcanic Water Vapor \u2013 Visualized"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"568\" data-attachment-id=\"271789\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=271789\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?fit=2000%2C1571&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1571\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?fit=723%2C568&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=723%2C568&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=1024%2C804&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=300%2C236&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=768%2C603&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=1536%2C1207&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?resize=1200%2C943&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/\">Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" data-attachment-id=\"271774\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=271774\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07.jpeg?fit=700%2C350&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"700,350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07.jpeg?fit=700%2C350&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07.jpeg?resize=700%2C350&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07.jpeg?w=700&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV_2002-07.jpeg?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Image above: Global Water Vapor \u2013 Source: NASA:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/global-maps\/MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/earthobservatory.nasa.gov\/global-maps\/MYDAL2_M_SKY_WV<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Readers may recall that we have&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/wattsupwiththat.com\/2023\/07\/23\/ryan-maue-on-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-submarine-volcano\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reported on the massive amount of water vapor<\/a>&nbsp;that has been injected into the stratosphere by the 2022 eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano. A recent study said a 13% increase in stratospheric water mass and a 5-fold increase of stratospheric aerosol load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water vapor is by far the strongest greenhouse gas according to NASA, and it stands to reason that the dramatic increase in stratospheric water vapor is having an effect on global temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Water vapor is Earth\u2019s most abundant greenhouse gas. It\u2019s responsible for about half of Earth\u2019s&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/faq\/19\/what-is-the-greenhouse-effect\/\">greenhouse effect<\/a><em>&nbsp;\u2014 the process that occurs when gases in Earth\u2019s atmosphere trap the Sun\u2019s heat.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/explore\/ask-nasa-climate\/3143\/steamy-relationships-how-atmospheric-water-vapor-amplifies-earths-greenhouse-effect\/\">https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/explore\/ask-nasa-climate\/3143\/steamy-relationships-how-atmospheric-water-vapor-amplifies-earths-greenhouse-effect\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Ryan Maue writes on Twitter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Everything was going fine until mid-March 2023, and then a dramatic 1\u00b0C warming spike in a matter of 2-weeks raised global temperatures to the record levels we are at today.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>La Nina \u2013&gt; El Nino is certainly important for the Equatorial Pacific temperature increase. But, how is Hunga-Tonga affecting the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex? Not so good with the Antarctic sea ice down there.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>And, the Northern Hemisphere is much warmer than normal especially in the Atlantic. How are all those trillions of gallons of water vapor in the stratosphere doing? How much is left, and how many more years of impacts?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Everything was going fine until mid-March 2023, and then a dramatic 1\u00b0C warming spike in a matter of 2-weeks raised global temperatures to the record levels we are at today.<br><br>La Nina &#8211;&gt; El Nino is certainly important for the Equatorial Pacific temperature increase.<br><br>But, how is\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/ffKgAWFUke\">pic.twitter.com\/ffKgAWFUke<\/a><\/p>&mdash; Ryan Maue (@RyanMaue) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/RyanMaue\/status\/1685753261620363267?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 30, 2023<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maue provided this graph:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"271778\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=271778\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-177.png?fit=720%2C360&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-177\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-177.png?fit=720%2C360&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-177.png?resize=723%2C362&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271778\" style=\"width:731px;height:366px\" width=\"723\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-177.png?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-177.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another metric, the UAH satellite data also shows a spike in recent months, though still not as strong as the 2015\/2016 El Nino, it is at least as strong as the 1997\/1998 event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"271780\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=271780\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-178.png?fit=720%2C324&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,324\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-178\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-178.png?fit=720%2C324&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-178.png?resize=723%2C325&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271780\" style=\"width:761px;height:342px\" width=\"723\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-178.png?w=720&amp;ssl=1 720w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/image-178.png?resize=300%2C135&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a recent publication, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-1864748\/v1_covered.pdf?c=1659031907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Global perturbation of stratospheric water and aerosol burden by Hunga eruption<\/a>\u201d bold mine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The eruption of the submarine Hunga volcano in January 2022 was associated with a powerful blast that injected volcanic material to altitudes up to 58 km. From a combination of various types of satellite and ground-based observations supported by transport modeling, we show evidence for an unprecedented&nbsp;<\/em><strong>increase in the global stratospheric water mass by 13% as compared to climatological levels, and a 5-fold increase of stratospheric aerosol load<\/strong><em>, the highest in the last three decades.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-1864748\/v1_covered.pdf?c=1659031907\">https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-1864748\/v1_covered.pdf?c=1659031907<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"271782\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=271782\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?fit=1536%2C1257&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1536,1257\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?fit=723%2C592&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption-1024x838.webp?resize=723%2C592&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-271782\" style=\"width:734px;height:601px\" width=\"723\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?resize=1024%2C838&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?resize=300%2C246&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?resize=768%2C629&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?resize=1200%2C982&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?w=1536&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00stratospheric-water-and-aerosol-buden-by-Hunga-eruption.webp?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Figure 6. Global perturbation of stratospheric water vapour and aerosol burden. (A) 372 Evolution of the global MLS stratospheric water vapour mass (3-day averages) between 100 hPa 373 \u2013 1 hPa pressure levels (solid black curve) and climatological (2004-2021 period) annual cycle 374 (dashed curve), the positive and negative anomalies are shown respectively as red and blue 375 shading. (B) Deseasonalized stratospheric water vapour mass anomaly (per cent 3-day averages) 376 for both hemispheres and the whole globe from MLS. The embedded panel shows the evolution 377 of global anomaly in 2022. (C) Stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) anomalies for the 60\u2070 378 S \u2013 60\u2070 N latitude band (monthly averages) from GloSSAC merged satellite record extended using 379 OMPS-LP measurements at 675 nm scaled to 525 nm wavelength using GloSSAC data and SAGE 380 III\/ISS measurements at 521 nm converted to 525 nm using SAGEIII-derived Angstrom exponent. 381 The SAOD anomalies are computed with respect to the background level estimated as GloSSAC 382 SAOD average over volcanically-quiescent 1995-2003 period. The embedded panel shows the full 383 time span of SAOD series. The cyan and pink letters indicate the most significant volcanic 384 eruptions and wildfire events respectively (EC \u2013 El Chichon, Pi \u2013 Pinatubo, Sa \u2013 Sarychev, Na \u2013 385 Nabro, Ke \u2013 Kelud, Ca \u2013 Calbuco, PNE \u2013 Pacific Northwest wildfire event, Ra \u2013 Raikoke, ANY 386 \u2013 Australian New Year wildfire event, HT \u2013 Hunga Tonga).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Here is a video worth watching on the issue.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-videopress\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"VideoPress Video Player\" aria-label='VideoPress Video Player' width='723' height='407' src='https:\/\/videopress.com\/embed\/G2fLWPjb?cover=1&amp;autoPlay=1&amp;preloadContent=metadata&amp;useAverageColor=1&amp;hd=1' frameborder='0' allowfullscreen data-resize-to-parent=\"true\" allow='clipboard-write'><\/iframe><script src='https:\/\/v0.wordpress.com\/js\/next\/videopress-iframe.js?m=1674852142'><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/flipboard.com\/topic\/hungatongahungaha\u2019apaivolcano\/tonga-volcanic-eruption-may-have-role-in-fueling-summer-heatwaves\/a-nSrzL3DNR0uDrpsPxlOT4g%3Aa%3A7668203-23b6a1daa8%2Fflipboard.com\">https:\/\/flipboard.com\/topic\/hungatongahungaha\u2019apaivolcano\/tonga-volcanic-eruption-may-have-role-in-fueling-summer-heatwaves\/a-nSrzL3DNR0uDrpsPxlOT4g%3Aa%3A7668203-23b6a1daa8%2Fflipboard.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Readers may recall that we have\u00a0reported on the massive amount of water vapor\u00a0that has been injected into the stratosphere by the 2022 eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano. A recent study said a 13% increase in stratospheric water mass and a 5-fold increase of stratospheric aerosol load.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":271789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818355,691820701,691818491,691821637,691821636],"class_list":["post-271773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-greenhouse-gas","tag-hunga-tonga","tag-nasa","tag-polar-vortex","tag-volcanic-water-vapor","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00tonga-volcano-eruption-space-1-1.webp?fit=2000%2C1571&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-18Hr","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":269451,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=269451","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":0},"title":"The Tonga Underwater Volcano Eruption May Have Had a Larger Warming Effect Than Reported","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/25\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Initial scientific estimates were 50-million metric tons of water injected into the stratosphere by Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai submarine volcano.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0hunga-tonga-ha-apai-volcano-eruption-1.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0hunga-tonga-ha-apai-volcano-eruption-1.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0hunga-tonga-ha-apai-volcano-eruption-1.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0hunga-tonga-ha-apai-volcano-eruption-1.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0hunga-tonga-ha-apai-volcano-eruption-1.webp?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":269225,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=269225","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":1},"title":"Ryan Maue on Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha\u2019apai Submarine Volcano.","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/24\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"It\u2019s straightforward how to run a radiative transfer model to determine the impacts of adding 150M metric tons of water to the stratosphere. But, detailed climate model simulations are needed to disentangle the atmospheric circulation changes that lead to non-linear feedbacks. The climate is \u201cabnormal\u201d right now, aside from the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate change\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate change","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-change"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/0121222_cg_-tonga-hunga-volcano_feat.jpg?fit=1200%2C676&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":274156,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=274156","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":2},"title":"Hunga Tonga &amp; Its Role In Rising Global\u00a0Temperatures","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/17\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The aerosol effect of Hunga Tonga would not have been as great as Pinatubo\u2019s, but it is still likely to have been significant. By definition then, the water vapour effect must be equally significant.","rel":"","context":"In \"Climate Hysteria\"","block_context":{"text":"Climate Hysteria","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-hysteria"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01092315223_0_369_2329_1679_1920x0_80_0_0_c51c18c0999e6a2c90dd74040b754dc0.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01092315223_0_369_2329_1679_1920x0_80_0_0_c51c18c0999e6a2c90dd74040b754dc0.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01092315223_0_369_2329_1679_1920x0_80_0_0_c51c18c0999e6a2c90dd74040b754dc0.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01092315223_0_369_2329_1679_1920x0_80_0_0_c51c18c0999e6a2c90dd74040b754dc0.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/01092315223_0_369_2329_1679_1920x0_80_0_0_c51c18c0999e6a2c90dd74040b754dc0.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":270990,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=270990","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":3},"title":"What NASA and the European Space Agency are admitting but the media are failing to report about our current heat wave","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/02\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The current heat wave is being relentlessly blamed on increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but there is a much more plausible explanation, one that is virtually endorsed by two of the world\u2019s leading scientific organizations. It turns out that levels of water vapor in the atmosphere have\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/00Tonga-eruption-2-e1667566353793.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":271392,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=271392","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":4},"title":"What NASA and Science Admit but the Media are Failing to Report About Our Current Heat Wave","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/04\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"So, why has atmospheric water vapor increased so dramatically? Because of a historic, gigantic volcanic eruption last year that I \u2013 probably along with you \u2014 had never heard of. The mass media ignored it because it took place 490 feet underwater in the South Pacific. Don\u2019t take it from\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/OIG-2023-07-29T140658.612.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/OIG-2023-07-29T140658.612.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/OIG-2023-07-29T140658.612.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/OIG-2023-07-29T140658.612.jpeg?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":272340,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=272340","url_meta":{"origin":271773,"position":5},"title":"Hunga-Tonga Mysteries","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/09\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"A year of cooling after Hunga-Tonga, then warming \u2026 say what?","rel":"","context":"In \"climate \u201creanalysis\u201d model\"","block_context":{"text":"climate \u201creanalysis\u201d model","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-reanalysis-model"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0La-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-Hunga-Tonga-se-sintio-en-todo-el-mundo.jpg?fit=1200%2C942&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0La-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-Hunga-Tonga-se-sintio-en-todo-el-mundo.jpg?fit=1200%2C942&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0La-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-Hunga-Tonga-se-sintio-en-todo-el-mundo.jpg?fit=1200%2C942&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0La-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-Hunga-Tonga-se-sintio-en-todo-el-mundo.jpg?fit=1200%2C942&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/0La-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-Hunga-Tonga-se-sintio-en-todo-el-mundo.jpg?fit=1200%2C942&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=271773"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":271792,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271773\/revisions\/271792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/271789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=271773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=271773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=271773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}