{"id":263063,"date":"2023-06-20T19:25:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T17:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=263063"},"modified":"2023-06-20T19:25:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T17:25:19","slug":"el-nino-ocean-warming-abates-may-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=263063","title":{"rendered":"El Nino Ocean Warming Abates May\u00a02023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"254032\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=254032\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;El Nino&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;El Nino&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"El Nino\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;El Nino&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?fit=723%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=723%2C482&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-254032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">El Nino<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/\">Science Matters<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.com\/author\/ronaldrc\/\">Ron Clutz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.aoml.noaa.gov\/phod\/graphics\/dacdata\/globpop.gif?w=723&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The best context for understanding decadal temperature changes comes from the world\u2019s sea surface temperatures (SST), for several reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The ocean covers 71% of the globe and drives average temperatures;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SSTs have a constant water content, (unlike air temperatures), so give a better reading of heat content variations;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A major El Nino was the dominant climate feature in recent years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HadSST is generally regarded as the best of the global SST data sets, and so the temperature story here comes from that source. Previously I used HadSST3 for these reports, but Hadley Centre has made HadSST4 the priority, and v.3 will no longer be updated.&nbsp; HadSST4 is the same as v.3, except that the older data from ship water intake was re-estimated to be generally lower temperatures than shown in v.3.&nbsp; The effect is that v.4 has lower average anomalies for the baseline period 1961-1990, thereby showing higher current anomalies than v.3. This analysis concerns more recent time periods and depends on very similar differentials as those from v.3 despite higher absolute anomaly values in v.4.&nbsp; More on what distinguishes HadSST3 and 4 from other SST products at the end. The user guide for HadSST4 is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/hadobs\/hadsst4\/HadSST.4.0.1.0_Product_User_Guide.pdf\"><strong>here.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Current Context<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The chart below shows SST monthly anomalies as reported in HadSST4 starting in 2015 through May 2023.\u00a0 A global cooling pattern is seen clearly in the Tropics since its peak in 2016, joined by NH and SH cycling downward since 2016.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"263066\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=263066\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-252.png?fit=721%2C369&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"721,369\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-252\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-252.png?fit=721%2C369&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-252.png?resize=723%2C370&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263066\" width=\"723\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-252.png?w=721&amp;ssl=1 721w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-252.png?resize=300%2C154&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note that in 2015-2016 the Tropics and SH peaked in between two summer NH spikes.&nbsp; That pattern repeated in 2019-2020 with a lesser Tropics peak and SH bump, but with higher NH spikes. By end of 2020, cooler SSTs in all regions took the Global anomaly well below the mean for this period.&nbsp; In 2021 the summer NH summer spike was joined by warming in the Tropics but offset by a drop in SH SSTs, which raised the Global anomaly slightly over the mean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then in 2022, another strong NH summer spike peaked in August, but this time both the Tropic and SH were countervailing, resulting in only slight Global warming, later receding to the mean.&nbsp; &nbsp;Oct.\/Nov. temps dropped&nbsp; in NH and the Tropics took the Global anomaly below the average for this period. After an uptick in December, temps in January 2023 dropped everywhere, strongest in NH, with the Global anomaly further below the mean since 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now comes El Nino as shown by the upward spike in the Tropics since January, the anomaly nearly doubling from 0.45C to 0.83C.&nbsp; SH stayed the same as March, but NH also increased 0.13, resulting in a Global anomaly of 0.85C.&nbsp; However, in May 2023, both the Tropics and SH temps dropped down, reducing the Global anomaly to 0.82C dispite an upward bump in NH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A longer view of SSTs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"200\" data-attachment-id=\"263067\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=263067\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?fit=1199%2C331&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1199,331\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-253\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?fit=723%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?resize=723%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?resize=1024%2C283&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?resize=300%2C83&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?resize=768%2C212&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-253.png?w=1199&amp;ssl=1 1199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The graph above is noisy, but the density is needed to see the seasonal patterns in the oceanic fluctuations.&nbsp; Previous posts focused on the rise and fall of the last El Nino starting in 2015.&nbsp; This post adds a longer view, encompassing the significant 1998 El Nino and since.&nbsp; The color schemes are retained for Global, Tropics, NH and SH anomalies.&nbsp; Despite the longer time frame, I have kept the monthly data (rather than yearly averages) because of interesting shifts between January and July.1995 is a reasonable (ENSO neutral) starting point prior to the first El Nino.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sharp Tropical rise peaking in 1998 is dominant in the record, starting Jan. \u201997 to pull up SSTs uniformly before returning to the same level Jan. \u201999. There were strong cool periods before and after the 1998 El Nino event. Then SSTs in all regions returned to the mean in 2001-2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SSTS fluctuate around the mean until 2007, when another, smaller ENSO event occurs. There is cooling 2007-8,&nbsp; a lower peak warming in 2009-10, following by cooling in 2011-12.&nbsp; Again SSTs are average 2013-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now a different pattern appears.&nbsp; The Tropics cooled sharply to Jan 11, then rise steadily for 4 years to Jan 15, at which point the most recent major El Nino takes off.&nbsp; But this time in contrast to \u201997-\u201999, the Northern Hemisphere produces peaks every summer pulling up the Global average.&nbsp; In fact, these NH peaks appear every July starting in 2003, growing stronger to produce 3 massive highs in 2014, 15 and 16.&nbsp; NH July 2017 was only slightly lower, and a fifth NH peak still lower in Sept. 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The highest summer NH peaks came in 2019 and 2020, only this time the Tropics and SH were offsetting rather adding to the warming. (Note: these are high anomalies on top of the highest absolute temps in the NH.)&nbsp; Since 2014 SH has played a moderating role, offsetting the NH warming pulses. After September 2020 temps dropped off down until February 2021.&nbsp; In 2021-22 there were again summer NH spikes, but in 2022 moderated first by cooling Tropics and SH SSTs, then in October to January 2023 by deeper cooling in NH and Tropics.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now in 2023 the Tropics flip from below to above average, and NH starts building up for a summer peak comparable to previous years. In May warming in the Tropics and SH abated, while NH showed a typical upward bump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What to make of all this? The patterns suggest that in addition to El Ninos in the Pacific driving the Tropic SSTs, something else is going on in the NH.&nbsp; The obvious culprit is the North Atlantic, since I have seen this sort of pulsing before.&nbsp; After reading some papers by David Dilley, I confirmed his observation of Atlantic pulses into the Arctic every 8 to 10 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contemporary AMO Observations<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Through January 2023 I depended on the Kaplan AMO Index (not smoothed, not detrended) for N. Atlantic observations. But it is no longer being updated, and NOAA says they don\u2019t know its future.\u00a0 So I find only the Hadsst AMO dataset has data through April.\u00a0 It differs from Kaplan, which reported average absolute temps measured in N. Atlantic.\u00a0 \u201cHadsst AMO\u00a0 follows Trenberth and Shea (2006) proposal to use the NA region EQ-60\u00b0N, 0\u00b0-80\u00b0W and subtract the global rise of SST 60\u00b0S-60\u00b0N to obtain a measure of the internal variability, arguing that the effect of external forcing on the North Atlantic should be similar to the effect on the other oceans.\u201d\u00a0 So the values represent differences between the N. Atlantic and the Global ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"307\" data-attachment-id=\"263069\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=263069\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?fit=999%2C424&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"999,424\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-254\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?fit=723%2C307&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?resize=723%2C307&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?w=999&amp;ssl=1 999w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?resize=300%2C127&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-254.png?resize=768%2C326&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The chart above confirms what Kaplan also showed.\u00a0 As August is the hottest month for the N. Atlantic, its varibility, high and low, drives the annual results for this basin.\u00a0 Note also the peaks in 2010, lows after 2014, and a rise in 2021. An annual chart below is informative:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"563\" data-attachment-id=\"263070\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=263070\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?fit=828%2C645&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"828,645\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-255\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?fit=723%2C563&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?resize=723%2C563&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?w=828&amp;ssl=1 828w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?resize=300%2C234&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-255.png?resize=768%2C598&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note the difference between blue\/green years, beige\/brown, and purple\/red years.&nbsp; 2010, 2021, 2022 all peaked strongly in August or September.&nbsp; 1998 and 2007 were mildly warm.&nbsp; 2016 and 2018 were matching or cooler than the global average.&nbsp; 2023 is starting out slightly warm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The oceans are driving the warming this century.&nbsp; SSTs took a step up with the 1998 El Nino and have stayed there with help from the North Atlantic, and more recently the Pacific northern \u201cBlob.\u201d&nbsp; The ocean surfaces are releasing a lot of energy, warming the air, but eventually will have a cooling effect.&nbsp; The decline after 1937 was rapid by comparison, so one wonders: How long can the oceans keep this up?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Footnote: Why Rely on HadSST4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HadSST is distinguished from other SST products because HadCRU (Hadley Climatic Research Unit) does not engage in SST interpolation, i.e. infilling estimated anomalies into grid cells lacking sufficient sampling in a given month. From reading the documentation and from queries to Met Office, this is their procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HadSST4 imports data from gridcells containing ocean, excluding land cells. From past records, they have calculated daily and monthly average readings for each grid cell for the period 1961 to 1990. Those temperatures form the baseline from which anomalies are calculated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a given month, each gridcell with sufficient sampling is averaged for the month and then the baseline value for that cell and that month is subtracted, resulting in the monthly anomaly for that cell. All cells with monthly anomalies are averaged to produce global, hemispheric and tropical anomalies for the month, based on the cells in those locations. For example, Tropics averages include ocean grid cells lying between latitudes 20N and 20S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gridcells lacking sufficient sampling that month are left out of the averaging, and the uncertainty from such missing data is estimated. IMO that is more reasonable than inventing data to infill. And it seems that the Global Drifter Array displayed in the top image is providing more uniform coverage of the oceans than in the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"263072\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=263072\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-256.png?fit=530%2C370&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"530,370\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-256\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-256.png?fit=530%2C370&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-256.png?resize=723%2C505&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263072\" width=\"723\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-256.png?w=530&amp;ssl=1 530w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image-256.png?resize=300%2C209&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">USS Pearl Harbor deploys Global Drifter Buoys in Pacific Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rclutz.files.wordpress.com\/2023\/06\/hadsst4-202305.png\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Gridcells lacking sufficient sampling that month are left out of the averaging, and the uncertainty from such missing data is estimated. IMO that is more reasonable than inventing data to infill. And it seems that the Global Drifter Array displayed in the top image is providing more uniform coverage of the oceans than in the past.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":254032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691820364,691818234,691818200,691820365],"class_list":{"0":"post-263063","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-anomalies","9":"tag-atlantic","10":"tag-el-nino","11":"tag-hadcru","13":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0El-Nino-graphic-scaled-1.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-16qX","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":303496,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=303496","url_meta":{"origin":263063,"position":0},"title":"The Coming Collapse Of El Nino and The Ramifications on The Atlantic Basin Tropical Season","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"20\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Above-normal sea surface temperatures continue this month across most of the equatorial part of the Pacific Ocean, but there are signs that this El Nino episode which began about a year ago will flip to La Nina conditions (colder-than-normal) by the early part of the 2024 summer season.","rel":"","context":"In \"2024 Atlantic Basin\"","block_context":{"text":"2024 Atlantic Basin","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=2024-atlantic-basin"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0el-nino-la-nina.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0el-nino-la-nina.webp?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, 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expectations that new record high temperatures would\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"climate propaganda\"","block_context":{"text":"climate propaganda","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=climate-propaganda"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0climatecahnge-TA.webp?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0climatecahnge-TA.webp?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0climatecahnge-TA.webp?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0climatecahnge-TA.webp?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/0climatecahnge-TA.webp?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":186854,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=186854","url_meta":{"origin":263063,"position":2},"title":"La Nina Conditions Continue Across the Equatorial Pacific","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"10\/02\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Sea surface temperatures continue to run at colder-than-normal levels (shown in blue) in the equatorial part of the Pacific Ocean and La Nina is likely to last into at least the beginning part of the upcoming summer season. Map courtesy NOAA, tropicaltidbits.com Paul Dorian Sea surface temperatures continue to run\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/0image-21.png?fit=975%2C488&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":392991,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=392991","url_meta":{"origin":263063,"position":3},"title":"Climate Oscillations 11: Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index (ONI)","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"05\/08\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index or\u00a0ONI\u00a0is NOAA\u2019s primarily indicator for monitoring the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the critical Ni\u00f1o 3.4 region. 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The collapse in temperatures is even more dramatic at the sub-surface 300 metre level. 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