{"id":259623,"date":"2023-05-29T21:12:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-29T19:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=259623"},"modified":"2023-05-29T21:12:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T19:12:55","slug":"climate-computer-games","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=259623","title":{"rendered":"Climate Computer Games"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Watts Up With That?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Kile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Computing has replaced bull entrails, but with no identifiable improvement in the quality of climatological prognostications<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Complexity and perplexity go together like a horse and carriage, or in this case, like the climate and a modeller. When probability claims masquerade as genuine predictions about reality, and international agencies and governments promote alarmism at every opportunity, when confirmation bias distorts the search for truth, the outcome is the \u201cclimate change\u201d hyperbole and \u201csaving-the-planet\u201d activism that is now disrupting every aspect of our lives.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consider the World Meteorological Organization\u2019s press release of May 17, 2023: Global temperatures set to reach new records in the next five years<\/a>. It warned that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Global temperatures are likely to surge to record levels in the next five years, fuelled by heat-trapping greenhouse gases and a naturally occurring El Ni\u00f1o event, according to a <\/em>new update issued by the World Meteorological Organization<\/em><\/a> (WMO). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is a 66% likelihood that the annual average near-surface global temperature between 2023 and 2027 will be more than 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels for at least one year.  There is a 98% likelihood that at least one of the next five years, and the five-year period as a whole, will be the warmest on record.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A temporary<\/em> reprieve from a French-fry fate is possible. But hold the champagne. The world is still going to exceed1.5\u00b0C \u201cwith increasing frequency\u201d. Unless we prostrate ourselves with more fervour at the altar of NetZero it could become permanent<\/em>. Whatever happens, like Rick and Ilsa in Casablanca<\/em>, we will always have Paris. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

WMO\u2019s Secretary-General Professor Petteri Taalas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 This report does not mean that we will permanently exceed the 1.5\u00b0C level specified in the Paris Agreement which refers to long-term warming over many years. However, WMO is sounding the alarm that we will breach the 1.5\u00b0C level on a temporary basis with increasing frequency<\/u>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A warming El Ni\u00f1o is \u201cexpected to develop in the coming months<\/em>\u201d. So, dear reader, mark your calendar. It will \u201ccombine with human-induced climate change\u201d and \u201cpush global temperatures into uncharted territory\u201d. This will have \u201cfar-reaching repercussions for health, food security, water management and the environment. We need to be prepared,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Have modellers so mastered the arcane art of calculating probabilities they can now conjure up such precise short-term predictions?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The WMO press release went on to claim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is only a 32% chance that the five-year mean will exceed the 1.5\u00b0C threshold, according to the Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update produced by the United Kingdom\u2019s Met Office, the WMO lead centre for such predictions.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The chance of temporarily exceeding 1.5\u00b0C has risen steadily since 2015, when it was close to zero.  For the years between 2017 and 2021, there was a 10% chance of exceedance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hold it right there. There apparently is \u201ca 98% likelihood that at least one of the next five years, and the five-year period as a whole, will be the warmest on record.\u201d Yet there is only a 32% chance<\/em> that the global temperature over this period will exceed the 1.5\u00b0C threshold. The probability of a two-sided coin landing on heads is \u00bd, or 50%. Interesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A paper published three years ago concluded:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor the period 2017 to 2021 we predict a 38% and 10% chance, respectively, of monthly or yearly temperatures exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C, with virtually no chance of the 5-year mean being above the threshold<\/u>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe cannot directly assess the reliability of forecasts of the probability of exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C because this event has not yet occurred in the observations<\/u>.\u201d <\/em>Predicted Chance That Global Warming Will Temporarily Exceed 1.5 \u00b0C<\/a> (Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>, October 12, 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The authors, nevertheless, wouldupdate their forecasts \u201cevery year to provide policy makers with advanced warning of the evolving probability and duration of future warming events.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What if the planet does exceed an arbitrary number selected by UN agencies in Paris? Would the world be more afraid \u2013 or resigned \u2013 than it is today? What if the global \u201cclimate\u201d, whatever that is, is beyond human control?  Surely that\u2019s the biggest elephant in the greenhouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The MSM, predictably, trumpeted the WMO\u2019s alarmism. There was, the ABC wrote: a 98 per cent chance one of the next five years would be the hottest ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the timing, cometh the hour, cometh the prediction. The WMO Global Annual to Decadal Update 2023-2027 <\/a>was released just five days before the 19th<\/sup> session of the World Meteorological Congress began in Geneva this week. (See WMO events<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of WMO\u2019s top priorities is implementing the UN Early Warnings for All Initiative. On World Meteorological Day last March, the UN Secretary-General announced \u201ca new call to action to ensure every person on Earth is protected by MHEWS (Multi-hazard early warning systems) within five years: the Early Warning Systems Initiative (EWS4ALL)\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As mentioned above, the UK Met Office acts as the WMO Lead Centre for Annual to Decadal Climate Prediction.<\/a> It now has to dance the MHEWS tango, as do 145 ensemble members from 11 institutes engaged in this global exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Too many cooks tend to spoil the broth. Perish the thought, but perhaps too many modellers are trying to predict the unpredictable: natural and climatic variability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not so, says the WMO: \u201cRetrospective forecasts, or hindcasts, covering the period 1960-2018 are used to estimate forecast skill. Confidence in forecasts of global mean temperature is high since hindcasts show very high skill in all measures.\u201d Accurately forecasting the future, however, is surely a bigger challenge than hindcasting the past.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The new update includes a section evaluating forecasts for the previous five years (page 16). A mixed bag of outcomes indeed. The \u201censemble\u201d models, for example, did not \u201ccapture\u201d the \u201ccold anomalies in Antarctica and eastern Asia\u201d. And so on and so forth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for complexity, there\u2019s never been any shortage of it in the CC space. According to UK Met Office: \u201cThe evolution of climate in the near term, out to a decade or two ahead, is the combination of natural climate variability and human-forced climate change. Changes in natural variability are large enough from one decade to the next to temporarily exacerbate or counter underlying anthropogenic trends [presumably assumed in model simulations].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How the two phenomena are quantified remains a mystery, at least to me. Even after reading the World Climate Research Programme on the Grand Challenges of Near-Term Climate Prediction<\/a> I am, alas, none the wiser. For some reason, they ended last year, possibly because too many experts had Covid or apocalypse fatigue syndrome. Hardly surprising, given this ambitious Concept Note<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One aspect most modellers seem to agree on is that \u201cdecadal predictions need to take into account both initial conditions of the climate system as well as the evolution of long-term forcings. (See Fig. 2 (Box 11.1) in AR5-WG1.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Barcelona Supercomputing Center describes their dilemma here<\/a> and here<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Certain limitations, such as imperfect parameterizations and inaccurate initial conditions, introduce biases in the climate models, i.e. cause them to have differences with the observations. All models exhibit to some extent biases.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

at sub-seasonal to interannual time scales, climate predictability is thought to arise significantly from the knowledge of initial conditions. Initializing climate models with observationally-based estimates is a very challenging task scientifically, but also technically<\/u><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Accurate near-term predictions from climate models rely, among others, on a realistic specification of initial conditions. The problem is simple to state, but difficult to address for two reasons: (1) the observational coverage is sparse, (2) climate models \u201clive\u201d in their preferred state.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such perplexity is not new. A lot of folk have had it, including the late Stephen Schneider (1945-2010). A distinguished environmental researcher at Stanford University\u2019s Woods Institute, he was an author for four early IPCC assessment reports, a \u201ccore member\u201d for two of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the UK Royal Society published a commemorative volume of essays in 2010, Seeing Further \u2013 The Story of Science and The Royal Society, <\/em>it included this one by Schneider: \u201cConfidence, Consensus and the Uncertainty Cops: Tackling Risk Management in Climate Change.<\/a>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the time, he was perplexed by the \u201csignificant uncertainties\u201d that \u201cbedevil components of the science\u201d, \u201cplague projections of climate change and its consequences\u201d, and challenge the traditional scientific method of directly testing hypotheses (\u2018normal\u2019 science). Schneider\u2019s solution: to change \u2018the culture of science\u2019 by developing a language that would convey the gravity of the situation \u201cproperly\u201d to policy makers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As climate uncertainty was (and for me still is) so intractable \u2014 and incomprehensible to the public \u2014 Schneider introduced the rhetoric of risk management \u2013 \u201cframing a judgement about acceptable and unacceptable risks\u201d \u2013 and pseudo-probability. While he claimed he was \u201cuncomfortable\u201d with this \u201cvalue judgement\u201d approach \u2013 he was even \u201cmore uncomfortable ignoring the problems altogether because they don\u2019t fit neatly into our paradigm of \u2018objective\u2019 falsifiable research based on already known empirical data.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He proposed a new subjective<\/em> paradigm of \u201csurprises\u2019 in global climate scenarios, one with \u201cperhaps extreme outcomes or tipping points which lead to unusually rapid changes of state\u201d; while admitting that, \u201cby definition, very little in climate science is more uncertain than the possibility of \u2018surprises\u2019.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Schneider, \u201cdespite the worry that discussions of surprises and non-linearities could be taken out of context by extreme elements in the press and NGOs [but apparently not by the IPCC], we were able to include a small section on the need for both more formal and subjective treatments of uncertainties <\/em>and outright surprises in the IPCC Second Assessment Report in 1995.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs a result the very last sentence<\/em> of the IPCC Working Group 1 1995 Summary for Policy Makers addresses the abrupt non-linearity issue. This made much more in-depth assessment in subsequent IPCC reports possible, simply by noting [that is assuming, not proving] that: \u2018When rapidly forced, non-linear systems are especially subject to unexpected behaviour.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was a pivotal moment in the history of climate alarmism<\/em>. Schneider had smuggled a Trojan horse into the IPCC, with a contrived \u201clanguage for risk\u201d inside it. It was a language derived from his personal (and the IPCC\u2019s) \u201cvalue frame\u201d and was adopted in subsequent reports. They now had, he wrote triumphantly, \u201clicence to pursue risk assessment of uncertain probability but high consequence possibilities in more depth; but how should we go about it?\u201d How, indeed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It took a long time for him to \u201cnegotiate\u201d agreement with climate scientists on precise \u201cnumbers and words\u201d in the Third Assessment Report cycle. \u201cThere were some people who still felt they could not apply a quantitative scale to issues that were too speculative or \u2018too subjective\u2019 for real scientists to indulge in \u2018speculating on probabilities not directly measured\u2019. One critic said: \u2018Assigning confidence by group discussion, even if informed by the available evidence, was like doing seat-of-the-pants statistics over a good beer.\u2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schneider\u2019s Royal Society essay nevertheless concluded: \u201cDespite the large uncertainties in many parts of the climate science and policy assessments to date, uncertainty is no longer a responsible justification for delay.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How can one argue the more uncertain a phenomenon, the greater the risk to us and the planet? Yet they did and are still doing it today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That said, at least Schneider was sceptical about modelling. \u201cThere are many scientists who dispute that it is only humans controlling the climate thermostat,\u201d he wrote. \u201cHeat exchanges from the tropics to the poles, ocean currents of countless durations and size, changing amounts of heat from the sun, all operate in a chaotic non-linear manner to make climate modelling a largely fruitless, if politically necessary, activity<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for his \u201cown personal value position\u201d, Schneider stated it emphatically in this 2003 paper: What is the Probability of \u201cDangerous\u201d Climate Change?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Given the vast uncertainties in both climate science and impacts estimations, we should slow down the rate at which we disturb the climate system \u2014 that is, reduce the likelihood of \u201cimaginable conditions for surprise\u201d. This can both buy time to understand better what may happen \u2014 a process that will take many more decades of research, at least \u2014 and to develop lower-cost decarbonization options so that the costs of mitigation can be reduced well below those that would occur if there were no policies in place to provide incentives to reduce emissions and invent cleaner alternatives.  Abating the pressure on the climate system, developing alternative energy systems, and otherwise reducing our overconsumption (see <\/em>Arrow et al., 2003<\/em><\/a>) are the only clear \u201cinsurance policy\u201d we have against a number of potentially dangerous irreversibilities and abrupt nonlinear events.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To deal with such questions, the policy community needs to understand both the potential for surprises and how difficult it is for integrated assessment models (IAMs) to credibly evaluate the probabilities of currently imaginable \u201csurprises,\u201d<\/u> let alone those not currently envisioned.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for \u201cabrupt nonlinear events\u201d that would \u201cqualify as dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,\u201d use your imagination. It\u2019s easy to find an \u201cextreme weather event\u201d in natural variability. They happen somewhere in the world almost every day. Bamboozling folk with data or simulations that may, or may not, describe reality can be fun too. Astrologers, readers of entrails and other prognosticators made a lucrative living from it, even when their so-called facts and predictions were \u201cvalue-laden\u201d, and riddled with confirmation bias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schneider again:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Whether a few generations of people demanding higher material standards of living and using the atmosphere as an unpriced sewer to more rapidly achieve such growth\u2013oriented goals is \u201cethical\u201d is a value-laden debate that will no doubt heat up as greenhouse gas builds up\u2026and references to the \u201cprecautionary principle\u201d will undoubtedly mark this debate.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rest is history: the history of how dodgy \u201cpost-normal\u201d science joined up with a pseudo-scientific \u201cprecautionary principle\u201d to corrupt the UN, IPCC and WMO and, despite the \u201cvast uncertainties\u201d, ultimately created the NetZero decarbonising monster that is disrupting countries \u2013 and energy markets \u2013 everywhere on the bogus pretext of \u201cfighting climate change\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This essay was posted in Australia at Quadrant Online on May 27, 2023, with the title: Climate models: rubbish in, rubbish out<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Kile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 May 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Complexity and perplexity go together like a horse and carriage, or in this case, like the climate and a modeller.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":259627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818465,691818381,691819803,691818154,691818126,691819804],"class_list":{"0":"post-259623","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-climate","9":"tag-ipcc","10":"tag-modeller","11":"tag-net-zero","12":"tag-un","13":"tag-world-meteorological-organization3","15":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0pcvinewood_full-1920x1080-1.webp?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-15xt","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":195739,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=195739","url_meta":{"origin":259623,"position":0},"title":"Can Computer Models Predict Climate?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"13\/04\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Guest post by Christopher Essex, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics and Physics, University of Western Ontario. Christopher Essex By Dr Christopher Essex It is well known that daytime winter temperatures on Earth can fall well below -4\u00b0F (-20\u2103 ) in some places, even in midlatitudes, despite warming worries. Sometimes the surface\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00HmGHEU0AE0vk6.jpg?fit=800%2C511&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00HmGHEU0AE0vk6.jpg?fit=800%2C511&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00HmGHEU0AE0vk6.jpg?fit=800%2C511&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/00HmGHEU0AE0vk6.jpg?fit=800%2C511&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":353171,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=353171","url_meta":{"origin":259623,"position":1},"title":"German Scientists Using Generative AI to Hallucinate Fake Climate Records","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/12\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Taking \u201cmodel output is data\u201d to the next level\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Artificial Intelligence (AI)\"","block_context":{"text":"Artificial Intelligence (AI)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=artificial-intelligence-ai"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0-Fake-Climate-Records.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0-Fake-Climate-Records.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0-Fake-Climate-Records.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/0-Fake-Climate-Records.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, 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\u201cGlobal warming is spiralling out of control: Earth could warm by a whopping 7\u00b0C by 2200, scientists predict \u2013 leading to flooding, famine, and catastrophic heatwaves,\u201d presents this alarming claim based on a computer model. The scientists who developed the model as well\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=carbon-dioxide-co%e2%82%82"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0climate-change-neutrinos-an-unlikely-hero-in-the-battle-against-global-warming.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0climate-change-neutrinos-an-unlikely-hero-in-the-battle-against-global-warming.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0climate-change-neutrinos-an-unlikely-hero-in-the-battle-against-global-warming.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0climate-change-neutrinos-an-unlikely-hero-in-the-battle-against-global-warming.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/0climate-change-neutrinos-an-unlikely-hero-in-the-battle-against-global-warming.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":305410,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=305410","url_meta":{"origin":259623,"position":5},"title":"Climate Model Bias 1: What is a Model?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/03\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Conceptual models are generally tested, and hopefully validated, by creating a mathematical model. The output from the mathematical model is compared to observations and if the output matches the observations closely, the model is validated. It isn\u2019t proven, but it is shown to be useful, and the conceptual model gains\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"AR6\"","block_context":{"text":"AR6","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=ar6"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/00IMAGE-numerical-weather-modeling-050216-1120x534-landscape.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/00IMAGE-numerical-weather-modeling-050216-1120x534-landscape.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/00IMAGE-numerical-weather-modeling-050216-1120x534-landscape.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/00IMAGE-numerical-weather-modeling-050216-1120x534-landscape.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/00IMAGE-numerical-weather-modeling-050216-1120x534-landscape.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=259623"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":259628,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259623\/revisions\/259628"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/259627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=259623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=259623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=259623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}