{"id":258036,"date":"2023-05-18T12:42:39","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T10:42:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=258036"},"modified":"2023-05-18T12:42:42","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T10:42:42","slug":"italy-returns-to-nuclear-sanity-shouldnt-we","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=258036","title":{"rendered":"Italy returns to nuclear sanity. Shouldn\u2019t we?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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From\u00a0CFACT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By\u00a0Duggan Flanakin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The Italian parliament, demonstrating confidence in Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, this week formally backed her plan<\/a> to reintroduce nuclear power plants into Italy\u2019s energy mix, reversing the nation\u2019s 1987 moratorium on nuclear power. Meanwhile, energy-starved Germany is feeling the pinch from shuttering all of its 17 nuclear power plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. has closed 11 nuclear reactors since 2013, with another eight of the 94 remaining reactors scheduled for decommissioning by 2025. Although Presidents Trump and Biden have favored bolstering the U.S. nuclear energy portfolio, America\u2019s bureaucrat-heavy regulatory jungle remains designed to drag out facility permitting and construction for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sad truth is that the energy crisis is imminent \u2013 we don\u2019t have decades to play gotcha political games. Another truth \u2013 wind and solar cannot fully power the U.S. grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meloni\u2019s plan would enable Italy to generate up to 35 MW of power from nuclear energy by 2050 (likely from small modular reactors). The plan adds nuclear to the list of low-carbon technologies with guaranteed sales of the energy they produce. The move towards nuclear also bolsters Meloni\u2019s negotiations over Italy\u2019s participation in China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germany\u2019s removing nuclear power from its energy mix makes little sense, given the cutoff of Russian natural gas. Higher energy prices and shortfalls have led many German manufacturers to shut down<\/a> or relocate to other, more energy friendly, nations. Germany has had negative economic growth since last October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The German delusion is perhaps best exemplified by Steffi Lemke, minister for the environment and nuclear safety, who glowingly praised<\/a> the shuttering of the last German nuclear power plants as an \u201cexcellent \u2013 indeed, visionary \u2013 move.\u201d By contrast, fellow Green Party minister for the economy Robert Habeck recently bemoaned<\/a> that German industries face an existential threat due to high electricity prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habeck\u2019s proposed solution is a massive (Bidenesque) subsidies program that would guarantee a fixed consumer price per megawatt-hour until 2030 \u2013 at a back-end cost to the public of 25 to 30 billion euros (not included in the \u201cfixed\u201d price).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As nuclear energy advocate Todd Royal points out<\/a>, Congress in 2018 passed the Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act that requires the Department of Energy to \u201cdevelop a versatile fast neutron test reactor that could help develop fuels and materials for advanced reactors.\u201d It also authorized DOE national laboratories to host reactor testing and demonstration projects.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Congress in 2018 also passed the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act, which requires the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to \u201cdevelop an optional regulatory framework suitable for advanced nuclear technologies.\u201d  This February, the Nuclear Innovation Alliance released draft<\/a> recommendations for addressing barriers to NRC licensing of advanced reactors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The draft recommended bolstering staff capacity and capability for licensing advanced reactors; upgrading unaccountable regulatory processes and procedures for scheduling, breadth of scope, and depth of review; developing regulatory processes that streamline rather than inhibit the commercialization of advanced reactors; and establishing practices that increase stakeholder understanding and public trust in the regulatory process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a follow-up, in April five Republican and five Democrat Senators introduced<\/a> the bipartisan ADVANCE ( (Accelerating Deployment of Versatile, Advanced Nuclear for Clean Energy) Act, which addresses licensing fees, insurance, and a host of other barriers to moving proposed nuclear reactors from drawing board to full operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, companies that develop and sell new reactors pay up front the government\u2019s $290 per hour cost for analyzing license applications. The 18,000-plus hours for reviewing even small test reactors presents a massive financial hurdle, especially for startups with innovative designs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bill recommends deferring these fees until the applicant has a license and can generate revenue from sales. The NRC would be compensated from a small rolling fund seeded by the government. A second proposal adds a time cap for the review of an accepted application, with additional billable hours paid by Congress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bill also grants a 20-year extension to the Price-Anderson Act, which pertains to civilian power plants, that would otherwise expire in 2025. The extension gives policy makers sufficient time to tweak the law while reassuring potential investors and developers that its reauthorization will not be a barrier to startups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulatory reform appears to be a hot issue, as President Biden just this week endorsed<\/a> a reform bill proposed last fall<\/a> by Sen. Joe Manchin (D, WV) that would streamline permitting for mining of critical minerals and remove barriers for renewable energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

White House energy spokesman John Podesta said delays caused by the current permitting process \u201care pervasive at every level of government,\u201d with the result that \u201cwe got so good at stopping projects we forgot how to build things in America.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manchin last fall stated, \u201cNo matter what you want to build, whether it\u2019s transmission pipelines or hydropower dams, more often than not, it takes too long and drives up costs. You can double your cost within a five to six, seven-year period from what the original cost may have been.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the regulatory reform momentum that covers transmission lines and mining extends to nuclear, that bodes well for widespread efforts to revitalize the long-bearded U.S. nuclear energy industry. Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer is spearheading an effort<\/a> to restart a decommissioned reactor in her state, with help from Holtec Decommissioning International, whose primary focus is, as its name implies, decommissioning old plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Whitmer now says that keeping the Palisades Nuclear Generating Station open \u201cis critical for Michigan\u2019s competitiveness and future economic development opportunities.\u201d But the 800-MW reactor that had provided 5 percent of Michigan\u2019s electricity was plagued with complaints about poor maintenance, including instances of nuclear fuel container weakening \u2013 serious issues that forced its shutdown weeks earlier than originally anticipated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other end of the spectrum, Westinghouse just announced<\/a> the launch of its AP300 reactor, which it calls \u201cthe only small modular reactor offering available that is based on deployed, operating, and advanced reactor technology.\u201d CEO and President Patrick Fragman is confident that the $1 billion per unit, 300-MW reactor design can win NRC approval by 2027.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From these developments, it appears the U.S. is aligning itself more with the so-called \u201cright-wing\u201d Italian government than with the Green Party-infused German leadership \u2013 at least on nuclear energy. Nuclear energy has powered U.S. submarines since the U.S.S. Nautilus<\/em> was commissioned in 1954. And nuclear has supplied up to a fifth of U.S. electricity despite heavy propaganda and lack of government support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maybe, just maybe, after seventy years of nuclear submarines, America will finally believe \u2013 as Todd Royal believes \u2013 that carbon-free nuclear power is the nation\u2019s best hope for meeting growing U.S. demand for electricity and global needs for basic economic growth. With worldwide energy consumption expected to grow by 50 percent by 2050, reliance on wind and solar (and, yes, geothermal) alone to meet that demand is a pipe dream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article originally appeared at Real Clear Energy<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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