{"id":257836,"date":"2023-05-17T12:25:30","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T10:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=257836"},"modified":"2023-05-17T12:25:41","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T10:25:41","slug":"carsons-silent-spring-fails-test-of-time-new-york-times-verdict-in-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=257836","title":{"rendered":"\u201cCarson\u2019s \u2018Silent Spring\u2019 Fails Test of time\u201d (New York Times verdict in 2007)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From\u00a0Master Resource<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Robert Bradley Jr. — May 17, 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cCarson used dubious statistics and anecdotes to warn of a cancer epidemic that never came to pass. She rightly noted threats to some birds, like eagles and other raptors, but she wildly imagined a mass \u2018biocide.\u2019 She warned that one of the most common American birds, the robin, was \u2018on the verge of extinction\u2019 \u2013 an especially odd claim given the large numbers of robins recorded in Audubon bird counts before her book.\u201d (New York Times<\/em> editorial, June 6, 2007)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Little remembered, the \u201cnewspaper of record,\u201d as the New York Times<\/em> was once known, frankly presented the scientific misconduct and false alarms of the iconic Rachel Carson (d. 1964) fifteen years ago. Still, Carson promoters invoke her memory today in regard to the the climate debate. Physician Hope Ferdowsian <\/strong>recently wrote<\/a><\/strong> in the Harvard Public Health<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Sixty years later, the book\u2019s lessons are more relevant than ever\u2026. Rachel Carson might not have known how much climate change would become a defining crisis of our time when she penned Silent Spring<\/em>. But the combination of her logic and reverence for the natural world offers an example of how we can sustainably address the deepest roots of disease and reframe how we approach the health of the planet, animals, and ourselves. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Has Ferdowsian done her homework on Carson\u2019s book? Did she even want to? Here is the Times<\/em>\u2018 editorial true-up, \u201cCarson\u2019s \u201cSilent Spring\u201d fails test of time<\/a><\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Rachel Carson admirers, it has not been a silent spring. They have been celebrating the centennial of her birthday with paeans to her saintliness. A new generation is reading her book in school \u2013 and mostly learning the wrong lesson from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If students are going to read \u201cSilent Spring\u201d in science classes, I wish it were paired with another work from that same year, 1962, titled \u201cChemicals and Pests.\u201d It was a review of \u201cSilent Spring\u201d in the journal Science<\/em> written by I.L. Baldwin, a professor of agricultural bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He did not have Carson\u2019s literary flair, but his science has held up much better. He did not make Carson\u2019s fundamental mistake, which is evident in the opening sentence of her book:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings,\u201d she wrote, extolling the peace that had reigned \u201csince the first settlers raised their houses.\u201d Lately, though, a \u201cstrange blight\u201d had cast an \u201cevil spell\u201d that killed the flora and fauna, sickened humans and \u201csilenced the rebirth of new life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This \u201cFable for Tomorrow,\u201d as she called it, set the tone for the hodgepodge of science and junk science in the rest of the book. Nature was good; traditional agriculture was all right; modern pesticides were an unprecedented evil. It was a Disneyfied version of Eden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carson used dubious statistics and anecdotes to warn of a cancer epidemic that never came to pass. She rightly noted threats to some birds, like eagles and other raptors, but she wildly imagined a mass \u201cbiocide.\u201d She warned that one of the most common American birds, the robin, was \u201con the verge of extinction\u201d \u2013 an especially odd claim given the large numbers of robins recorded in Audubon bird counts before her book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carson\u2019s many defenders, ecologists as well as other scientists, often excuse her errors by pointing to the primitive state of environmental and cancer research in her day. They argue that she got the big picture right: Without her passion and pioneering work, people would not have recognized the perils of pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those arguments are hard to square with Baldwin\u2019s review. He led a committee at the National Academy of Sciences studying the impact of pesticides on wildlife. In his review, he praised Carson\u2019s literary skills and her desire to protect nature. But, he wrote, \u201cMankind has been engaged in the process of upsetting the balance of nature since the dawn of civilization.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Carson imagined life in harmony before DDT, Baldwin saw that civilization depended on farmers and doctors fighting \u201can unrelenting war\u201d against insects, parasites and disease. He complained that \u201cSilent Spring\u201d was not a scientific balancing of costs and benefits but rather a \u201cprosecuting attorney\u2019s impassioned plea for action.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carson presented DDT as a dangerous human carcinogen, but Baldwin said the question was open and noted that most scientists \u201cfeel that the danger of damage is slight.\u201d He acknowledged that pesticides were sometimes badly misused, but he also quoted an adage: \u201cThere are no harmless chemicals, only harmless use of chemicals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carson considered new chemicals to be inherently different. \u201cFor the first time in the history of the world,\u201d she wrote, \u201cevery human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She briefly acknowledged that nature manufactured its own carcinogens, but she said they were \u201cfew in number and they belong to that ancient array of forces to which life has been accustomed from the beginning.\u201d The new pesticides, by contrast, were \u201celixirs of death\u201d for which there was \u201cno \u2018safe\u2019 dose.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She cited scary figures showing a recent rise in deaths from cancer, but she did not consider one of the chief causes: fewer people were dying young from other diseases (including the malaria that persisted in the American South until DDT). When that longevity factor as well as the impact of smoking are removed, the cancer death rate was falling in the decade before \u201cSilent Spring,\u201d and it kept falling in the rest of the century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why were not all of the new poisons killing people? An important clue emerged in the 1980s when the biochemist Bruce Ames tested thousands of chemicals and found that natural compounds were as likely to be carcinogenic as synthetic ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ames found that 99.99 percent of the carcinogens in our diet were natural, which does not mean that we are being poisoned by the natural pesticides in spinach and lettuce. We ingest most carcinogens, natural or synthetic, in such small quantities that they do not hurt us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dosage matters, not whether a chemical is natural, just as Baldwin realized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But scientists like him were no match for Carson\u2019s rhetoric. DDT became taboo even though there was no evidence that it was carcinogenic (and subsequent studies repeatedly failed to prove harm to humans).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is often asserted that the severe restrictions on DDT and other pesticides were justified in rich countries like America simply to protect wildlife. But even that is debatable (see http:\/\/www.tierneylab.com<\/a>), and in any case, the chemophobia inspired by Carson\u2019s book has been harmful in various ways. The obsession with eliminating minute risks from synthetic chemicals has wasted vast sums of money: environmental experts say the billions spent cleaning up Superfund sites would be better spent on more serious dangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The human costs have been horrific in the poor countries where malaria returned after DDT spraying was abandoned. Malariologists have made a little headway recently in restoring this weapon against the disease, but they have had to fight against Carson\u2019s disciples, who still divide the world into good and bad chemicals, with DDT in their fearsome \u201cdirty dozen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carson did not urge an outright ban on DDT, but she tried to downplay its effectiveness against malaria and refused to acknowledge what it had accomplished. As Baldwin wrote, \u201cNo estimates are made of the countless lives that have been saved because of the destruction of insect vectors of disease.\u201d He predicted correctly that people in poor countries would suffer from hunger and disease if they were denied the pesticides that had enabled wealthy nations to increase food production and eliminate scourges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Baldwin did make one mistake. After expressing the hope \u201cthat someone with Rachel Carson\u2019s ability will write a companion volume dramatizing the improvements in human health and welfare derived from the use of pesticides,\u201d he predicted that \u201csuch a story would be far more dramatic than the one told by Ms. Carson in \u2018Silent Spring.\u2019 \u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That never happened, and I cannot imagine any writer turning such good news into a story more dramatic than Carson\u2019s apocalypse in Eden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The New York Times<\/em> a decade later would publish an op-ed by Carson apologist Clyde Haberman (January 22, 2017), Rachel Carson, DDT and the Fight Against Malaria<\/a><\/em>, but the editorial above stands as a fair verdict of no-nonsense science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For a more recent critical assessment, see \u201cSilent Spring at 50: The False Crises of Rachel Carson\u201d (Reassessing environmentalism\u2019s fateful turn from science to advocacy)<\/a>, published at MasterResource in September 2012.  Roger Meiners et al. concluded:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Carson made little effort to provide a balanced perspective and consistently ignored key evidence that would have contradicted her work. Thus, while the book provided a range of notable ideas, a number of Carson\u2019s <\/em>major arguments rested on what can only be described as deliberate ignorance.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cCarson used dubious statistics and anecdotes to warn of a cancer epidemic that never came to pass. She rightly noted threats to some birds, like eagles and other raptors, but she wildly imagined a mass \u2018biocide.\u2019 She warned that one of the most common American birds, the robin, was \u2018on the verge of extinction\u2019 \u2013 an especially odd claim given the large numbers of robins recorded in Audubon bird counts before her book.\u201d (New York Times\u00a0editorial, June 6, 2007)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":257838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691819617,691819615,691819616],"class_list":{"0":"post-257836","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","8":"tag-cancer-epidemic","9":"tag-climate-debate","10":"tag-medical-climate","12":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0knoell-meet-us_Biocides-Lyon_2021.jpg?fit=1200%2C830&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-154E","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":335915,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=335915","url_meta":{"origin":257836,"position":0},"title":"Pretty Birds","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"08\/07\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Warning: This is about birds. If you are only interested in the Climate Wars, you might just go on to something else here at WUWT. 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