{"id":251987,"date":"2023-04-09T17:42:47","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T15:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=251987"},"modified":"2023-04-09T17:42:50","modified_gmt":"2023-04-09T15:42:50","slug":"scientists-say-a-6c-warmer-than-today-arctic-is-optimal-for-thermophile-species","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=251987","title":{"rendered":"Scientists Say A 6\u00b0C Warmer-Than-Today Arctic Is \u2018Optimal\u2019 For Thermophile Species"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"252001\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=252001\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?fit=2500%2C1667&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2500,1667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?fit=723%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=723%2C482&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-252001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=2048%2C1366&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?resize=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"http:\/\/NoTricksZone\">NoTricksZone<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>By\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/notrickszone.com\/author\/kenneth-richard\/\">Kenneth Richard<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<\/em>6. April 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"482\" data-attachment-id=\"252003\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=252003\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?fit=2880%2C1920&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2880,1920\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0arctic-ocean-started-g\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?fit=723%2C482&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=723%2C482&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-252003\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0arctic-ocean-started-g.jpg?w=2169&amp;ssl=1 2169w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Back in the Early Holocene, when CO2 levels were said to be ~255 ppm, Arctic Svalbard was warm enough to accommodate abundant numbers of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermophile\">thermophiles<\/a>, or warmth-demanding species. Only \u201cremnants\u201d of these species and their habitat exist in today\u2019s much-colder Arctic.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Ecology-and-Evolution-2023-Bro-ov-From-everywhere-all-at-once-Several-colonization-routes-available-to-Svalbard-in.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Ecology-and-Evolution-2023-Bro-ov-From-everywhere-all-at-once-Several-colonization-routes-available-to-Svalbard-in.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-460fc0e2-63e9-4c6f-ab28-ae15bb9c9ead\" href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Ecology-and-Evolution-2023-Bro-ov-From-everywhere-all-at-once-Several-colonization-routes-available-to-Svalbard-in.pdf\">Ecology-and-Evolution-2023-Bro-ov-From-everywhere-all-at-once-Several-colonization-routes-available-to-Svalbard-in<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Ecology-and-Evolution-2023-Bro-ov-From-everywhere-all-at-once-Several-colonization-routes-available-to-Svalbard-in.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-460fc0e2-63e9-4c6f-ab28-ae15bb9c9ead\">Herunterladen<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the exception of a few centuries in recent millennia, today\u2019s Svalbard (Arctic) is the most glaciated it has been in the last 10,000 years (see the blue trend line in the below chart from&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.9892\">Bro\u017eov\u00e1 et al., 2023<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"885\" data-attachment-id=\"251990\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251990\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?fit=785%2C961&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"785,961\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?fit=723%2C885&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?resize=723%2C885&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?w=785&amp;ssl=1 785w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?resize=245%2C300&amp;ssl=1 245w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Early-Holocene-6C-warmer-than-today-and-thermophilic-species-had-optimal-habitat-in-Svalbard-Brozova-2023.jpg?resize=768%2C940&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Image Source:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.9892\">Bro\u017eov\u00e1 et al., 2023<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This region is today about 6\u00b0C colder than it was during the early Holocene (~10,000 to 8,000 years ago), a climatic period scientists characterize as an optimum, or \u201cmost favorable,\u201d for a \u201crich species pool\u201d of thermophiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the western Barents Sea were as warm as 13\u00b0C and \u201csea ice-free during most of the mid-Holocene\u201d (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S027737911930109X\">\u0141\u0105cka et al., 2019<\/a><\/strong>). In contrast, today\u2019s SST in this region are as cold as they were during the last glacial (2-4\u00b0C), when CO2 hovered near 200 ppm. Rapid double-digit SST fluctuations, varying from 3 to 13\u00b0C, have been ongoing throughout the Holocene.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"594\" data-attachment-id=\"251991\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251991\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?fit=1003%2C824&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1003,824\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?fit=723%2C594&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?resize=723%2C594&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251991\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?w=1003&amp;ssl=1 1003w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?resize=300%2C246&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Cooling-West-Barents-Sea-Svalbard-Lacka-2019.jpg?resize=768%2C631&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Image Source:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S027737911930109X\">\u0141\u0105cka et al., 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1-s2.0-S027737911930109X-main.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of 1-s2.0-S027737911930109X-main.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-85454875-357d-4903-9af1-0588ae119b9c\" href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1-s2.0-S027737911930109X-main.pdf\">1-s2.0-S027737911930109X-main<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/1-s2.0-S027737911930109X-main.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-85454875-357d-4903-9af1-0588ae119b9c\">Herunterladen<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sea ice in the Barents Sea surrounding Svalbard is today nearly the most extensive (80% coverage) of the last 10,000 years. In contrast, when CO2 levels were below 260 ppm, this region of the Arctic was sea ice-free, or nearly so (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pearl.plymouth.ac.uk\/bitstream\/handle\/10026.1\/15083\/2019KOSEOGLU10419910PhD.pdf\">Koseoglu, 2019<\/a>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"874\" data-attachment-id=\"251992\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251992\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019.jpg?fit=683%2C874&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"683,874\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019.jpg?fit=683%2C874&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019.jpg?resize=683%2C874&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251992\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019.jpg?w=683&amp;ssl=1 683w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Holocene-Sea-Ice-North-Barents-Sea-Koseoglu-2019.jpg?resize=234%2C300&amp;ssl=1 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Image Source:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pearl.plymouth.ac.uk\/bitstream\/handle\/10026.1\/15083\/2019KOSEOGLU10419910PhD.pdf\">Koseoglu, 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">William Barentsz discovered Arctic Svalbard as he sailed through an open-water Arctic Ocean using a wooden boat (with no ice breakers) in early June, 1596.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"740\" data-attachment-id=\"251993\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251993\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?fit=804%2C823&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"804,823\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?fit=723%2C740&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?resize=723%2C740&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251993\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?w=804&amp;ssl=1 804w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?resize=293%2C300&amp;ssl=1 293w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?resize=768%2C786&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Barentsz-sailed-to-Svalbard-in-June-1596.jpg?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Image Source:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Svalbard\"><strong>Wikipedia<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In September, 2019, the month of the year with least extensive sea ice, 16 scientists needed to be&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maritimebulletin.net\/2019\/09\/04\/ship-with-climate-change-warriors-caught-in-ice-warriors-evacuated\/\">rescued by helicopters<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;because the massive ship they were using to study climate change couldn\u2019t cut through the ice-covered waters near Svalbard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1500s, the Western Arctic was sea ice free for about 4-5 months of the year. Today \u2013 and steadily since 1800 \u2013 the Western Arctic is sea ice free only about 2&nbsp;<em>weeks<\/em>&nbsp;of the year (<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/2019JD031023\">Porter et al., 2019<\/a><\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"517\" data-attachment-id=\"251994\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251994\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?fit=777%2C556&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"777,556\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?fit=723%2C517&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?resize=723%2C517&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251994\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?w=777&amp;ssl=1 777w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?resize=300%2C215&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Sea-ice-Western-Arctic-less-extensive-during-1500s-to-1700s-Porter-2019.jpg?resize=768%2C550&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Image Source:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/2019JD031023\">Porter et al., 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, according to&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/2017JC012865\">Rosel et al., 2018<\/a><\/strong>, Arctic sea ice was actually thicker in 2015 (1.56 m) and 2017 (1.65 m) than it was in 1955 (0.94 m) in a region north of Svalbard.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"643\" data-attachment-id=\"251995\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251995\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?fit=921%2C819&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"921,819\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?fit=723%2C643&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?resize=723%2C643&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251995\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?w=921&amp;ssl=1 921w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?resize=300%2C267&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0Arctic-sea-ice-Svalbard-thinner-in-1955-than-2017-Rosel-2018.jpg?resize=768%2C683&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Image Source:&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/2017JC012865\">Rosel et al., 2018<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This region is today about 6\u00b0C colder than it was during the early Holocene (~10,000 to 8,000 years ago), a climatic period scientists characterize as an optimum, or \u201cmost favorable,\u201d for a \u201crich species pool\u201d of thermophiles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":252001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[691818190,691818192,691818189,691818193,691818191],"class_list":["post-251987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-artic-sea-ice","tag-holocene","tag-northeast-passage","tag-rtic","tag-svalbard","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0.jpeg?fit=2500%2C1667&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-13yj","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":288557,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=288557","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":0},"title":"New Study: Modern Sea Ice Extent Is Nearly The Highest In 9000 Years Across the Arctic","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"11\/25\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"From NoTricksZone By\u00a0Kenneth Richard\u00a0on\u00a020. November 2023 Millennial-scale Arctic sea ice reconstructions do not corroborate alarmist claims of unprecedented sea ice losses in modern times.\u00a0 Using sea ice biomarker proxy (IP25), scientists (Kolling et al., 2023) have determined that the sea ice extent in the Labrador Sea was nearly absent throughout\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Arctic sea ice\"","block_context":{"text":"Arctic sea ice","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=arctic-sea-ice"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0Arctic-sea.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0Arctic-sea.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0Arctic-sea.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0Arctic-sea.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/0Arctic-sea.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":387689,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=387689","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":1},"title":"New Study: The Arctic Was 9\u00b0C Warmer Than Today During The Holocene Thermal Maximum","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"07\/09\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Holocene (11,700 to 8,200 years ago) Arctic (Svalbard) temperatures \u201cwere up to 9\u00b0C higher than today\u201d according to the authors of a\u00a0new\u00a0Nature\u00a0journal study. At that time CO2 was thought to only hover around 260 ppm.","rel":"","context":"In \"Arctic\"","block_context":{"text":"Arctic","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=arctic"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/0AQMcRLd2Kk4Jh0iE7fNP3obsf-5tR9k5fVcJANmyS0v_l4UsMkrpljtXMMH9QGQ0XC4lEYVH02dSASIRTspYwZ2GFSRYa5qkzCW-Dy1IGaLxPsjL7NzdZrdXecJCsKk-N6Z10LH-LnRaS7w7jxDwRJM70cvYJA-1.jpeg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262450,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=262450","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":2},"title":"New evidence that polar bears survived 1,600 years of ice-free summers in the early Holocene","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/16\/2023","format":false,"excerpt":"New evidence\u00a0indicates that Arctic areas with the thickest ice today probably melted out every year during the summer for about 1,600 years during the early Holocene (ca. 11.3-9.7k years ago), making the Arctic virtually ice-free. As I argue in\u00a0my new book, this means that polar bears and other Arctic species\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"early Holocene\"","block_context":{"text":"early Holocene","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=early-holocene"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0-polar-bear.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0-polar-bear.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0-polar-bear.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0-polar-bear.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/0-polar-bear.jpeg?fit=1200%2C806&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":324615,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=324615","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":3},"title":"Nature Publication: Researchers Find Arctic Region 10,000 Years Ago Warmer Than Today","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"04\/29\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Examined today is a paper appearing in the journal Nature Communications titled: \u201cSeasonal sea-ice in the Arctic\u2019s last ice area during the Early Holocene\u201d The authors looked at sea ice in the region of the Lincoln Sea, bordering northern Greenland and Canada, will be the final stronghold of perennial Arctic\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Arctic\"","block_context":{"text":"Arctic","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=arctic"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Melting_Sea_Ice.JPG_9iZp5pr.jpg?fit=1200%2C796&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Melting_Sea_Ice.JPG_9iZp5pr.jpg?fit=1200%2C796&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Melting_Sea_Ice.JPG_9iZp5pr.jpg?fit=1200%2C796&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Melting_Sea_Ice.JPG_9iZp5pr.jpg?fit=1200%2C796&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/0Melting_Sea_Ice.JPG_9iZp5pr.jpg?fit=1200%2C796&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":426755,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=426755","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":4},"title":"New Study: A 4\u00b0C Warmer Beaufort Sea Had \u2018No Sea Ice\u2019 11,700 \u2013 8200 Years Ago","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"02\/17\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"According to a\u00a0new study, there was \u201cno sea ice\u201d in the Arctic\u2019s Beaufort Sea from 11,700 to 8200 years ago.","rel":"","context":"In \"Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)\"","block_context":{"text":"Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atlantic-meridional-overturning-circulation-amoc"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0arcticseaice.jpg?fit=1200%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0arcticseaice.jpg?fit=1200%2C685&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0arcticseaice.jpg?fit=1200%2C685&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0arcticseaice.jpg?fit=1200%2C685&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/0arcticseaice.jpg?fit=1200%2C685&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":293513,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=293513","url_meta":{"origin":251987,"position":5},"title":"The Narrative That Polar Bears Need Sea Ice To Catch Prey Has Collapsed As More Evidence Piles Up","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"01\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Arctic regions with 6+ months of sea ice coverage today were ice-free nearly year-round 9,000 to 5,000 years ago (2\u00b0C warmer) and 130,000 to 115,000 years ago (7-8\u00b0C warmer). And yet polar bears survived these periods.","rel":"","context":"In \"Arctic\"","block_context":{"text":"Arctic","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=arctic"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-50.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-50.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-50.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-50.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=251987"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252004,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251987\/revisions\/252004"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/252001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=251987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=251987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=251987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}