{"id":251076,"date":"2023-04-04T12:53:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T10:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=251076"},"modified":"2023-04-04T12:53:36","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T10:53:36","slug":"fuel-of-the-future-methanol-remembering-a-california-energy-failure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=251076","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Fuel of the Future\u2019 Methanol: Remembering a California Energy Failure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"407\" data-attachment-id=\"251078\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?attachment_id=251078\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?fit=1920%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?fit=723%2C407&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=723%2C407&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-251078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?resize=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?w=1446&amp;ssl=1 1446w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/\">Master Resource<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By Robert Bradley Jr. &#8212; April 4, 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMethanol has been promoted as an alternative transportation fuel from time to time over the past forty years. In spite of significant efforts to realize the vision of methanol as a practical transportation fuel in the US, such as the California methanol fueling corridor of the 1990s, it did not succeed on a large scale.\u201d ( \u2013 Bromberg and Cheng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c[With] U.S. energy policy \u2026 there is always a promised solution, usually through a technological wonder, or group of wonders, that will settle America\u2019s energy dilemmas once and for all.\u201d (- Peter Grossman,&nbsp;<em>U.S. Energy Policy and the Pursuit of Failure<\/em>&nbsp;(2013), p. x.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The history of government and energy in the U.S. is important for its many lessons for public policy today. In light of the California Energy Commission taking on gasoline and diesel in California today (see yesterday\u2019s post), a look back at a prior savior from oil is merited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethanol was not competing well with oil products and lost its limited political support. Electric vehicles were an oddity. Natural gas vehicles were mostly on the farm. But with \u201cenergy security\u201d questions aplenty, what was going to replace gasoline and diesel to save the country from OPEC, Arab OPEC in particular?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider these accolades from a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.mu\/books?id=WxwhAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&amp;cad=4#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\">1985 Hearing<\/a>&nbsp;of the Subcommittee on Fossil and Synthetic Fuels (Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cAmerica\u2019s future as a transportation fuel\u201d (Rep. Philip Sharp)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cThe potential to be the number one alternative fuel of the future\u201d (American Automobile Association)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cThe best choice for this country\u2019s third major transportation fuel, after gasoline and diesel fuel\u201d (Chrysler)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cAmerica\u2019s energy \u2018ace in the hole\u2019\u201d (General Motors)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cthe most promising alternative to motor vehicle fuel for this country\u201d (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The California Energy Commission also championed methanol to \u201creduce the state\u2019s dependence on oil to diversify its energy resources, enhance its energy security, and to preserve and improve its environmental quality.\u201d&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref1\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beginning in 1984, Congress debated measures to break the \u201cchicken and egg\u201d problem of methanol vehicles not being commercial because cars would not be purchased without more service stations, and service stations would not be constructed without more vehicles to use them. The&nbsp;<em>Methanol Policy Act of 1984<\/em>&nbsp;proposed that the federal government acquire 1,000 vehicles in fiscal year 1985, begin a demonstration program for methanol-powered buses, and conduct other methanol-related studies.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftn7\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>Methanol Policy Act of 1985<\/em>&nbsp;a year later proposed that the federal government purchase 5,000 methanol-powered vehicles per year beginning in fiscal year 1987, require the Environmental Protection Agency to test methanol buses from enactment through 1991, and mandate all mass transit purchased with federal assistance to be methanol powered in nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftn8\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>California Dreaming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Methanol found a political home in the California Energy Commission.&nbsp;In 1983 the CEC began a Methanol Fleet Program originally intended to create a 100-station network of service stations to improve commercialization.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After 30 stations, funding ran low. But in the first three years of the program, seven million miles of operation were recorded with Ford Motor Company vehicles.&nbsp;Two problems were reported \u2014 a limited and inconvenient refueling network and a two cent per mile operating cost disadvantage relative to gasoline.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftn9\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With this experiment done, the CEC turned to dual fuel \u201cflexible-fueled\u201d vehicles designed to run on either unleaded gasoline (91% octane or better) or 85% methanol, 15% gasoline (M85).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As of 1985, public sector methanol vehicle programs were ongoing in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Baltimore, the State of Pennsylvania.&nbsp; The DOE, U.S. Army, and U.S. Postal Service.&nbsp;In the private sector, Bank of America converted 300 vehicles to methanol.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftn10\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;The environmental attraction was as much as a 50% drop in ozone forming emissions compared to gasoline vehicles and almost 100% reduction in particulate emissions compared to diesel vehicles.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftn11\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Postscript<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bromberg and Chen told the rest of the story:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M85 FFV vehicles in the U.S. peaked in 1997 at just over 21,000 with approximately 15,000 of these in California, which had over 100 public and private refueling stations. At the same time there were hundreds of methanol-fueled transit and school buses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ethanol eventually displaced methanol in the U.S. In 2005, California stopped the use of methanol after 25 years and 200,000,000 miles of operation. In 1993, at the peak of the program, over 12 million gallons of methanol were used as a transportation fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to California, New York State also demonstrated a fleet of vehicles, with refueling<br>stations located along the New York Thruway.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=75373&amp;action=edit#_ftnref1\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;L. Bromberg and W.K. Chen, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/files\/pdfs\/mit_methanol_white_paper.pdf\">Methanol as an alternative transportation fuel in the US: Options for sustainable and\/or energy-secure transportation<\/a>&nbsp;(2010)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref1\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Methanol\u2013Fuel of the Future, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Fossil and Synthetic Fuels<\/em>, 99th Cong., 1st Sess. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986), p. 1. These quotations can be found, respectively, on pp. 80, 96, 114, 43, and 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref7\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Methanol as a Transportation Fuel<\/em>, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Fossil and Synthetic Fuels and the Subcommittee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, 98th Cong., 2nd Sess. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1984).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref8\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Methanol\u2013Fuel of the Future<\/em>, op cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref9\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Ibid., p. 33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref11\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref10\"><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><\/a>Ibid., pp. 44-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/transportation-policy\/methanol-politics-1980s-1990s\/#_ftnref11\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;\u201cStatement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on H.R. 3355,\u201d ibid., pp. 52-53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masterresource.org\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=75373&amp;action=edit#_ftnref1\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;Quoted in Bromberg and Chen, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/files\/pdfs\/mit_methanol_white_paper.pdf\">Methanol as an alternative transportation fuel in the US: Options for sustainable and\/or energy-secure transportation<\/a>, op. cit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cMethanol has been promoted as an alternative transportation fuel from time to time over the past forty years. In spite of significant efforts to realize the vision of methanol as a practical transportation fuel in the US, such as the California methanol fueling corridor of the 1990s, it did not succeed on a large scale.\u201d ( \u2013 Bromberg and Cheng\u00a0[1])<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":251078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-251076","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","9":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/0-Fuel-of-the-Future-Methanol.jpeg?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-13jC","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":187970,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=187970","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":0},"title":"U.S. Corn-Based Ethanol Worse For The Climate Than Gasoline, Study Finds","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"18\/02\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"New study published at PNAS. Some quotes, emphasis mine. SignificanceBiofuels are included in many proposed strategies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and limit the magnitude of global warming. The US Renewable Fuel Standard is the world\u2019s largest existing biofuel program, yet despite its prominence, there has been limited empirical\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/016877699_m.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/016877699_m.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/016877699_m.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/016877699_m.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":362337,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=362337","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":1},"title":"Engines Galore Seek to Dethrone the BEV","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"16\/01\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"There are a plethora of new automobile engines their creators hope will capture the commercial marketplace in the near future. The engines are designed to run on methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen, and (surprise?) lithium. Another company has a motor shaped like a donut that operates inside the wheels.","rel":"","context":"In \"\u201cGreen\u201d hydrogen\"","block_context":{"text":"\u201cGreen\u201d hydrogen","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=green-hydrogen-3"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0electric-car-charging.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0electric-car-charging.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0electric-car-charging.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0electric-car-charging.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/0electric-car-charging.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":352363,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=352363","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":2},"title":"Rising Tide Demonstrates Even Climate Protestors Need Fossil Fuel","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"26\/11\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Last week\u00a0Rising tide\u00a0provided an impressive showcase for plastic fossil fuel products during their climate protest.","rel":"","context":"In \"activism group Rising Tide\"","block_context":{"text":"activism group Rising Tide","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=activism-group-rising-tide"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ap_16134812332946_wide-52fc51c00ea41d27177d6fb03e56af09baff0b26-s1400-c100.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ap_16134812332946_wide-52fc51c00ea41d27177d6fb03e56af09baff0b26-s1400-c100.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ap_16134812332946_wide-52fc51c00ea41d27177d6fb03e56af09baff0b26-s1400-c100.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ap_16134812332946_wide-52fc51c00ea41d27177d6fb03e56af09baff0b26-s1400-c100.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0ap_16134812332946_wide-52fc51c00ea41d27177d6fb03e56af09baff0b26-s1400-c100.jpg?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":422392,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=422392","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":3},"title":"China Poised to Charge a Tithe on Global Shipping, Thanks to the Maritime Net Zero Framework","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"21\/01\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Last year Trump successfully lobbied for deferral of a global carbon tax on maritime CO2 emissions. But with 10s of billions of dollars at stake, the fight isn\u2019t over.","rel":"","context":"In \"\u201cNet-Zero Framework\u201d (NZF)\"","block_context":{"text":"\u201cNet-Zero Framework\u201d (NZF)","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=net-zero-framework-nzf"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNJgfaTijNuXkjGy14g1kN2slZzTa4XBzqAlgSmR4u4ox3bcOGUDYnCnZMuHw15JOye29DgsWy3swjMfFTgGSlUCKPU9pjCamBIALVgihCbSDhdAxy69Xb4BMLSI14T.jpeg?fit=1200%2C626&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNJgfaTijNuXkjGy14g1kN2slZzTa4XBzqAlgSmR4u4ox3bcOGUDYnCnZMuHw15JOye29DgsWy3swjMfFTgGSlUCKPU9pjCamBIALVgihCbSDhdAxy69Xb4BMLSI14T.jpeg?fit=1200%2C626&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNJgfaTijNuXkjGy14g1kN2slZzTa4XBzqAlgSmR4u4ox3bcOGUDYnCnZMuHw15JOye29DgsWy3swjMfFTgGSlUCKPU9pjCamBIALVgihCbSDhdAxy69Xb4BMLSI14T.jpeg?fit=1200%2C626&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNJgfaTijNuXkjGy14g1kN2slZzTa4XBzqAlgSmR4u4ox3bcOGUDYnCnZMuHw15JOye29DgsWy3swjMfFTgGSlUCKPU9pjCamBIALVgihCbSDhdAxy69Xb4BMLSI14T.jpeg?fit=1200%2C626&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/AQNJgfaTijNuXkjGy14g1kN2slZzTa4XBzqAlgSmR4u4ox3bcOGUDYnCnZMuHw15JOye29DgsWy3swjMfFTgGSlUCKPU9pjCamBIALVgihCbSDhdAxy69Xb4BMLSI14T.jpeg?fit=1200%2C626&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":342095,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=342095","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":4},"title":"Invasion Of The Water Snatchers","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/09\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Drought has hit Schleicher County hard. Lots of the stock tanks are dry. The only plants that appear to be thriving on this part of the Edwards Plateau are scrawny mesquite trees and the ever-present prickly pear cactus.","rel":"","context":"In \"green hydrogen\"","block_context":{"text":"green hydrogen","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=green-hydrogen"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0acac88dc-0ca3-41d8-a3da-f26b2edb3b4c_1431x878.jpg?fit=1200%2C736&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0acac88dc-0ca3-41d8-a3da-f26b2edb3b4c_1431x878.jpg?fit=1200%2C736&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0acac88dc-0ca3-41d8-a3da-f26b2edb3b4c_1431x878.jpg?fit=1200%2C736&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0acac88dc-0ca3-41d8-a3da-f26b2edb3b4c_1431x878.jpg?fit=1200%2C736&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0acac88dc-0ca3-41d8-a3da-f26b2edb3b4c_1431x878.jpg?fit=1200%2C736&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":301851,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=301851","url_meta":{"origin":251076,"position":5},"title":"Can the Government Create a Green Hydrogen Fuel Industry?","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"15\/02\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"World leaders promote hydrogen as a possible low-emissions fuel for transportation and industry. Nations have announced hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies to support development and supply of hydrogen. But will governments be able to create a new green hydrogen fuel industry?","rel":"","context":"In \"billions of dollars in subsidies\"","block_context":{"text":"billions of dollars in subsidies","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=billions-of-dollars-in-subsidies"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-green-hydrgen.jpeg?fit=1200%2C702&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-green-hydrgen.jpeg?fit=1200%2C702&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-green-hydrgen.jpeg?fit=1200%2C702&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-green-hydrgen.jpeg?fit=1200%2C702&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/0-green-hydrgen.jpeg?fit=1200%2C702&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=251076"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251079,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/251076\/revisions\/251079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=251076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=251076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=251076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}