{"id":190900,"date":"2022-03-09T12:15:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T11:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=190900"},"modified":"2022-03-09T12:15:50","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T11:15:50","slug":"the-non-science-of-net-zero-co2-emissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=190900","title":{"rendered":"The non-science of net zero CO2 emissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CO2 emissions from humans cannot change net global average CO2 concentration nor its rate of change. CO2 concentration and its partial pressure in air and ocean surface are controlled by Henry\u2019s Law, Le Chatelier\u2019s principle and the Law of Mass Action. Henry\u2019s partition ratio of CO2 gas between ocean surface and in the air above that surface is an intensive property of matter which is independent of the source of the CO2 and the amount of CO2, like CO2\u2019s molecular weight. Henry\u2019s partition ratio is not a constant. Henry\u2019s coefficient varies with temperature. The solubility of CO2 gas (and all other atmospheric gases) in ocean and all water is a function of temperature. The residence time of CO2 in the atmosphere is an irrelevant statistic, having zero effect on net global average atmospheric CO2 concentration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CO2 partial pressure in air and net global average concentration of CO2 in air and CO2 flux in both directions are dominantly functions of the surface area of ocean above of below 25.6 C. In local conditions, salinity, alkalinity and conditions above and below the surface also affect the ratio; for example winds, currents or storms above warm (&gt;25.6C) surface deplete the surface water of aqueous CO2 gas, or biological activity in the water such as phytoplankton can cause local under-saturation (with respect to the Henry\u2019s partition ratio for the local temperature) of aqueous CO2 gas in the surface waters. Simultaneously, conditions in other locations, such as rotting biological material, create over-saturation of aqueous CO2 gas in ocean surface with respect to the Henry\u2019s Law partition ratio for the SST there, resulting in CO2 emission flux at the surface. Globally averaged, alkalinity, salinity, winds and currents cancel out. This leaves CO2 flux in both directions, emission from ocean surface and absorption into ocean surface, as a function the area of ocean surface above or below SST of 25.6 C as the determining value. Since around 1918, area of ocean surface SST of 25.6 C has been slowly increasing. This very fortunate circumstance for life on earth is the cause of the slowly increasing trend in net global average CO2 concentration such as measured at Mauna Loa. Perturbations to this trend such as human emissions, volcanic emissions, seasonal differences between ice cover and photosynthesis in northern and southern hemisphere, etc. are rapidly re-balanced return to the average Henry\u2019s Law equilibrium condition based on SST. There is 30 to 50 times more aqueous, non-ionized CO2 gas in ocean surface than in the air above the surface, depending primarily on surface temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over-saturation of aqueous CO2 gas in ocean surface in excess of the Henry\u2019s partition ratio for a given SST results in increasing the hydration reaction of the CO2 into carbonic acid or bicarbonate ions, which in turn removes the CO2 gas from the Henry\u2019s Law phase state equilibrium reaction. Removal of aqueous CO2 gas from the Henry\u2019s equation changes the ratio, which requires additional CO2 gas flux into ocean surface. When the aqueous CO2 over-saturation condition continues, then carbonates precipitate as solid in ocean or are incorporated into organisms as shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Net global average CO2 concentration today is the same as it would be if humans never existed. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentration would benefit all plants and life, but CO2 concentration is controlled by the various natural processes such as humidity, clouds, solar and planetary cycles, affecting insolation of ocean surface, as well as oceanic and atmospheric currents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">via <strong><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">budbromley<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/budbromley.blog\/2022\/03\/08\/the-non-science-of-net-zero-co2-emissions\/\">March 8, 2022,<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/budbromley.blog\/author\/budbromley\/\">budbromley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-link is-provider-budbromley wp-block-embed-budbromley\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/budbromley.blog\/2022\/03\/08\/the-non-science-of-net-zero-co2-emissions\/\">The non-science of net zero CO2&nbsp;emissions<\/a>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CO2 emissions from humans cannot change net global average CO2 concentration nor its rate of change. CO2 concentration and its partial pressure in air and ocean surface are controlled by Henry\u2019s Law, Le Chatelier\u2019s principle and the Law of Mass Action. Henry\u2019s partition ratio of CO2 gas between ocean surface and in the air above [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121246920,"featured_media":172223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_crdt_document":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-190900","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","9":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/0CO2_temp600MMya.jpg?fit=860%2C540&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/paxLW1-NF2","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":197534,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=197534","url_meta":{"origin":190900,"position":0},"title":"Ridding the world of climate misinformation and saving a trillion dollars per year","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"27\/04\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Economist Bjorn Lomborg, PhD provides useful information and links in his article (below).\u00a0 For that we can be grateful.\u00a0 However, his article contains a point of misinformation that is very important. He writes in Wall Street Journal, \u201cClimate change is real and man-made; have no doubt about that.\u201d\u00a0 While it\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/0history-of-world-temperature-l.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/0history-of-world-temperature-l.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/0history-of-world-temperature-l.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/0history-of-world-temperature-l.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":199494,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=199494","url_meta":{"origin":190900,"position":1},"title":"The CO2 tempest in a teapot scandal","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"12\/05\/2022","format":false,"excerpt":"CO2\u00a0\u201ccrisis\u201d is a \u201ctempest in a teapot\u201d or a \u201cstorm in a teacup.\u201d \u201cExcitabat fluctus in simpulo\u201d ~ Cicero, in\u00a0De Legibus, circa 52 BC Consider a pot of boiling water.\u00a0 If more water is added to the pot, the boiling point of the water does not change.\u00a0 The time required\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0ocean_co2.jpg?fit=1160%2C654&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":342168,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=342168","url_meta":{"origin":190900,"position":2},"title":"Ockham\u2019s View of Cenozoic CO2","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"06\/09\/2024","format":false,"excerpt":"This essay starts with a thank-you. Willis Eschenbach has very often been a source of insight or inspiration here at WUWT. Back on 23 February 2024, Willis posted \u201cA Curious Paleo Puzzle,\u201d in which he drew attention to the work of James Rae, et al., (2021) Atmospheric CO2 over the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"Atmospheric CO2\"","block_context":{"text":"Atmospheric CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0NGS-PETM-final.jpg?fit=1200%2C427&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0NGS-PETM-final.jpg?fit=1200%2C427&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0NGS-PETM-final.jpg?fit=1200%2C427&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0NGS-PETM-final.jpg?fit=1200%2C427&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0NGS-PETM-final.jpg?fit=1200%2C427&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":389258,"url":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?p=389258","url_meta":{"origin":190900,"position":3},"title":"Temperature \u2013 a driver of the carbon cycle","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"17\/07\/2025","format":false,"excerpt":"For a long time, the discussion about the relation between temperature and CO2\u00a0concentration has been focused on the greenhouse effect and its possible feedback mechanisms, captured by the concept of sensitivity.","rel":"","context":"In \"carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\"","block_context":{"text":"carbon dioxide 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causing climate change","author":"uwe.roland.gross","date":"29\/12\/2021","format":false,"excerpt":"CO2\u00a0in atmosphere is a cumulative value since volume of a gas (ppmv) is an extensive property of matter. \u00a0Area is the proper representation of a cumulative value, instead of a line.\u00a0 The area under the blue curve is compared to the area under the orange curve, the entire orange area.\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0mlo-dco2-is-not-a-function-of-human-dco2_2.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0mlo-dco2-is-not-a-function-of-human-dco2_2.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/0mlo-dco2-is-not-a-function-of-human-dco2_2.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 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CO2","link":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/?tag=atmospheric-co2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/066-million-years-SST-drives-CO2-change-via-Henrys-Law-Frank-2024.jpg?fit=1200%2C781&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/066-million-years-SST-drives-CO2-change-via-Henrys-Law-Frank-2024.jpg?fit=1200%2C781&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/066-million-years-SST-drives-CO2-change-via-Henrys-Law-Frank-2024.jpg?fit=1200%2C781&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/climatescience.press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/066-million-years-SST-drives-CO2-change-via-Henrys-Law-Frank-2024.jpg?fit=1200%2C781&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, 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3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/121246920"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=190900"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":190903,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190900\/revisions\/190903"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/172223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=190900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=190900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/climatescience.press\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=190900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}