Energy expert Benny Peiser’ s big warning to Americans: Avoid Europe’s green energy disaster – ‘If you want to avoid your energy bills going up fourfold, don’t do what we are doing’

Peiser: “And this is the biggest warning to Americans: If you want to avoid your energy bills going up fourfold, don’t do what we are doing.”

From Climate Depot

Benny Peiser of Net Zero Watch – Speaking at the Heritage Foundation in DC

Peiser: “In Europe, we are degrading our own economy and degrading our nations, in the name of saving the planet without doing anything about CO2 emissions because we are just shifting them abroad, we’re just exporting them. That is at the core of all these 27 COPs we’ve seen over the last 30 years. It’s always the same old, it’s always the same outcome. The developing world, China, India, etc. are not going to risk their own economies, the well-being of their people, their energy security, their national security. We’re doing it and we’re paying the price for it.”
 
Peiser: “And this is the biggest warning to Americans: If you want to avoid your energy bills going up fourfold, don’t do what we are doing.”

By: Admin – Climate DepotDecember 22, 2022 1:26 PM

Benny Peiser‘s big warning to Americans: Avoid Europe’s green energy disaster
The Heritage Foundation, Washington DC, 6 December 2022 

Benny Peiser:  “I remember giving evidence to a Senate hearing here some years back, and I was saying: ‘Look, as long as these [climate] policies are unilateral, as long as you do this on your own, this is not going to address your main concern, which is CO2 emissions, because the rest of the world will not follow.’

And the rest of the world will definitely not follow Europe’s green experiment which is going so badly. No one wants to do what the Europeans are doing, because they can see the damage we are doing to ourselves.

Unless — and this is the whole point — unless you can come up with an energy policy that is attractive to other countries, in particular to poorer countries, they will not follow your lead.

And that’s the real problem: In Europe, we are degrading our own economy and degrading our nations, in the name of saving the planet without doing anything about CO2 emissions because we are just shifting them abroad, we’re just exporting them. That is at the core of all these 27 COPs we’ve seen over the last 30 years. It’s always the same old, it’s always the same outcome. The developing world, China, India, etc. are not going to risk their own economies, the well-being of their people, their energy security, their national security. We’re doing it and we’re paying the price for it.

And this is the biggest warning to Americans: If you want to avoid your energy bills going up fourfold, don’t do what we are doing.”
https://mailchi.mp/68eeade6a7f3/europes-energy-crisis-may-be-even-worse-in-coming-years-193151?e=0b1369f9f8

Net Zero Samizdat

20 December 2022

1) Europe’s energy crisis may be even worse in coming years 
Reuters, 19 December 2022

2) Europe’s energy crisis is just getting started
OilPrice.com, 19 December 2022

3) Benny Peiser‘s big warning to Americans: Avoid Europe’s green energy disaster
The Heritage Foundation, Washington DC, 6 December 2022 

4) EU’s trading partners accuse bloc of protectionism over carbon tax plan
Financial Times, 17 December 2022

5) Green Britain: Brits face forced entry to their homes by energy firms to fit prepayment meters

iNews, 20 December 2022

6) Roger Pileke Jr.: Don’t believe the hype
The Honest Broker, 19 December 2022

7) Chris Morrison: How billionaires fill the media with climate fear and panic
The Daily Sceptic, 20 December 2022

8) Michael Munger: Green energy is the modern “Broken Window”

American Institute for Economic Research, 19 December 2022

9) Francis Mention: On to the great future of offshore wind power
Manhattan Contrarian, 19 December 2022

10) James Freeman: The cold, windy voyage to alternative energy
The Wall Street Journal, 19 December 2022

1) Europe’s energy crisis may be even worse in coming years 
Reuters, 19 December 2022

Europe faces a much tougher task to rebuild gas stocks next year compared with this winter, meaning energy bills are likely to stay high and governments could have to implement painful rationing measures they have so far avoided.

Previously dominant, gas supplies from Russia have since late August been greatly reduced, meaning the task of refilling storage will be much harder when levels are depleted by early next year.

The expense of buying gas on the open market rather than through contracts negotiated at favourable prices will also be harder to bear for governments weakened by months of steep energy costs that have driven inflation to multi-decade highs.

This year, the European Union successfully filled reserves to a peak of 96%-full in November to try to ensure sufficient winter supplies.

Countries also managed to restrain use during unusually mild weather but a prolonged cold snap this month has focused minds on the scale of the task ahead.

“Many of the circumstances that allowed EU countries to fill their storage sites ahead of this winter may well not be repeated in 2023,” Fatih Birol, Executive Director of Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) said last week.

The IEA said Europe could face a shortfall of almost 30 billion cubic metres (bcm) next winter, equivalent to nearly 7% of 2021 demand.

Full story

2) Europe’s energy crisis is just getting started
OilPrice.com, 19 December 2022

While Europe managed to fill its gas storage ahead of winter this year, it will have to import huge amounts of LNG in a competitive market to survive next winter. The next 12 to 24 months will be critical in establishing whether Europe can stave off a long-term energy crisis.

According to the IEA, if Russian gas supply drops to zero and Chinese LNG demand hits 2021 levels, the EU could have a supply-demand gap of 27 billion cubic meters in 2023.

Despite successfully filling its gas storage ahead of winter this year, Europe’s energy crisis is far from over. The situation for Europe could, in fact, be worse next winter when Russian pipeline gas supply will be down to a trickle, at best.

European households and businesses have already seen a rise in total energy costs by $1.06 trillion (1 trillion euros), according to estimates by European economic think-tank Bruegel published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). According to Bruegel’s analysts, if governments in Europe do nothing except offer financial support, and if they cover the price increases, this sum would represent a massive 6% of the annual GDP of the EU.

“Massive government support could delay adjustment to a new price equilibrium and create the need for even more support,” Bruegel’s experts say.

Instead, the EU needs a “grand bargain” to encourage savings and increase supply at the same time.

The next 12 to 24 months will determine whether Europe will be able to cope with the energy crisis without having to resort to mandatory rationing or without losing too much industry competitiveness.

Europe’s energy systems were already put to the first real test this month amid an Arctic blast that swept through most of northwestern Europe, bringing freezing temperatures, snow in the UK, and depressing wind speeds in Germany.

Natural gas storage sites in the EU started to drain, with storage at 84% as of December 17, according to Gas Infrastructure Europe. Inventories are higher than at this time last year, but the true test for Europe will come next year when it will have to refill gas storage sites adequately enough to meet the 2023/2024 winter demand.

This is where the planning becomes trickier, depending on how low inventories will be after this winter and whether the EU has the capacity to haul in continued record volumes of LNG and continue outbidding Asia, especially if demand in China rebounds after a reopening from strict Covid curbs.

With lower gas consumption and not much Russian gas flowing via pipelines, the EU has continued to cut its dependence on Russia, from around 40% of imported gas supplies before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, to less than 9%, according to EU figures from September.

However, the significant drop in Russian gas supply this year occurred only in June.

Ahead of winter 2023/2024, the gap in gas supply in Europe will be much wider without Russian gas. Europe will not be importing much Russian gas—or none at all if Russia cuts off deliveries via the one link left operational via Ukraine and via TurkStream—compared to relatively stable imports from Russia in the first half of this year before Moscow started gradually cutting volumes via Nord Stream in June and then shut down the pipeline in early September.

According to a recent report from the IEA, if Russian gas supply drops to zero and Chinese LNG demand rebounds to 2021 levels, the EU could have a gas supply-demand gap of 27 billion cubic meters in 2023.

With the plunge in Russian pipeline gas deliveries, Europe will need “huge volumes” of LNG next year, commodity trader Trafigura said earlier this month.

“Looking forward, we expect gas and LNG markets to remain volatile,” Trafigura said in its annual report for the year to September 30.

“While Europe should avoid a blackout this winter by drawing on inventories and cutting demand, it will need to import huge volumes of LNG in 2023 given the massive reduction in flows from Russia,” Trafigura said.

Natural gas prices in Europe will have to remain elevated so that the continent can continue to attract most of the LNG cargoes in competition with the other key demand centers, according to Trafigura. The commodity trader expects Europe to prioritize the security of supply “through next winter and beyond.”

Huge uncertainties with weather and the EU’s ability to compete with a potential increase in LNG demand in Asia will determine how Europe will fare next winter.

“Behind us now are two months of ‘buyer’s market’ with peak inventories, warm weather, a long queue of LNG ships, and depressed TTF prices,” commodity analysts Ole Hvalbye and Bjarne Schieldrop of SEB Bank said in early December.

“Ahead of us is the huge Q1 uncertainty and at least 12 months of ‘seller’s market’ as the race is on to fill EU nat gas inventories to a satisfying level by October 2023.”

3) Benny Peiser‘s big warning to Americans: Avoid Europe’s green energy disaster
The Heritage Foundation, Washington DC, 6 December 2022 

Benny Peiser:  “I remember giving evidence to a Senate hearing here some years back, and I was saying: ‘Look, as long as these [climate] policies are unilateral, as long as you do this on your own, this is not going to address your main concern, which is CO2 emissions, because the rest of the world will not follow.’

And the rest of the world will definitely not follow Europe’s green experiment which is going so badly. No one wants to do what the Europeans are doing, because they can see the damage we are doing to ourselves.

Unless — and this is the whole point — unless you can come up with an energy policy that is attractive to other countries, in particular to poorer countries, they will not follow your lead.

And that’s the real problem: In Europe, we are degrading our own economy and degrading our nations, in the name of saving the planet without doing anything about CO2 emissions because we are just shifting them abroad, we’re just exporting them. That is at the core of all these 27 COPs we’ve seen over the last 30 years. It’s always the same old, it’s always the same outcome. The developing world, China, India, etc. are not going to risk their own economies, the well-being of their people, their energy security, their national security. We’re doing it and we’re paying the price for it.

And this is the biggest warning to Americans: If you want to avoid your energy bills going up fourfold, don’t do what we are doing.”

4) EU’s trading partners accuse bloc of protectionism over carbon tax plan
Financial Times, 17 December 2022

Brussels negotiations continue as world-first levy faces criticism from US, China and African nations

The EU’s trading partners have hit out at the bloc’s plan to introduce the world’s first carbon border tax, saying it is protectionist and puts export industries at risk, as negotiations to complete the deal stretch into the weekend.

According to two people familiar with the discussions, several developing nations have already begun to negotiate with Brussels for more flexibility in the proposals, including potential waivers.

The plan is provisional until a final set of talks conclude this weekend. After that the agreement must be approved by EU ambassadors. Issues outstanding include the specific dates for its gradual phase-in.

German lawmaker Michael Bloss, a European parliament negotiator, said on Saturday that “a lot was negotiated” on Friday but “little was decided”. The talks “will continue and hopefully conclude the negotiations on Europe’s largest climate protection package”, he told Reuters.

Swedish lawmaker Emma Wiesner said Friday’s talks had achieved a “surprisingly big amount of progress”. Other EU officials told Reuters that deals had not yet been found on the most divisive issues.

The tax will require importers to buy certificates to cover their emissions based on calculations linked to the EU’s own carbon price. Iron, steel, cement, aluminium, fertilisers, hydrogen and electricity generation will all be covered by the deal. A trial period is set to start in October 2023.

If it is considered a success, the EU plans to expand the scheme to other sectors, including cars and organic chemicals.

The plan has attracted criticism from countries including the US and South Africa, which said that the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) will unfairly penalise their manufacturers.

“We are particularly concerned about things like border adjustment taxes, and regulatory requirements that are imposed unilaterally,” Ebrahim Patel, South Africa’s trade minister, told the Financial Times. “If it gets to be an enormous defining thing between north and south, you’re going to have a lot of political resistance.”

“There are a lot of concerns coming from our side about how this is going to impact us and our trade relationship,” US trade representative Katherine Tai said at a conference in Washington this week.

The EU views the CBAM as a core part of its efforts to reach net zero emissions by 2050, arguing that it will simultaneously encourage countries outside the bloc to decarbonise their industrial sectors.

“CBAM is just a way to threaten third countries that they should also update their ambitions when it comes to climate,” said Mohammed Chahim, a Dutch socialist politician who has led negotiations on the law for the European parliament.

Before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it was set to be the country that was most affected by the CBAM. Russian exports made up the biggest proportion of imports from CBAM-affected sectors, according to an analysis by the Berlin-based think-tank Adelphi based on data for EU imports between 2015 and 2019.

The substantial fall in imports from Russia due to the EU’s sanctions regime and the destruction of Ukrainian industry has pushed the burden on to other countries.

China makes up around a tenth of affected imports, according to Adelphi, with Turkey and India also hit. China has frequently attacked the tariff since it was first proposed in July last year.

Developing nations with less economic heft and no systems in place for measuring emissions were more likely to suffer the most from the introduction of the levy, said Faten Aggad, senior adviser on climate diplomacy at the African Climate Foundation.

“The countries that are most likely to mitigate the risk of CBAM are the ones that already have proper carbon counting,” she said. The result could be a “deindustrialisation” in African nations that export to the EU.

“A lot of these sectors risk losing business unless we pump money into their sustainability and it’s very difficult to rebuild.”

Steelmakers in Brazil are concerned that the CBAM will put domestic producers at risk. Instead of shipping their goods to Europe, exporters might target less protected steel markets such as South America.

“Our big worry isn’t exports to [Europe],” said Marco Polo de Mello Lopes, executive president of the Instituto Aço Brasil, but rather that more material is diverted to the region, leaving domestic industry “vulnerable”.

Anger at the measure has been exacerbated by the EU’s insistence that the CBAM will encourage others to decarbonise, while not providing funds to help poorer countries invest in clean technologies.

Revenues from the CBAM are intended to go into the EU’s internal budget with a loose commitment to provide climate finance to countries outside the bloc, according to those familiar with the draft text.

Baran Bozoğlu, chair of the Climate Change Policy and Research Association, a non-profit research outfit in Ankara, said that it would be “beneficial [for the EU] to provide various incentives, supports and technologies so that the Turkish economy is not adversely affected”.

He added that exporters would have to pay to calculate their carbon emissions and have that validated in order to report to the EU. It was a “great injustice” that they had to cover that cost as well as pay the CBAM, he said.

5) Green Britain: Brits face forced entry to their homes by energy firms to fit prepayment meters
iNews, 20 December 2022

Energy firms are being handed the right to force their way into thousands of customer homes without justice officials knowing why the warrants are being granted, it can be revealed.

An investigation by i has discovered how magistrates are batch-processing hundreds of warrants in just minutes to allow debt agents acting on behalf of suppliers to force entry into homes to fit controversial prepayment meters.

The Ministry of Justice has now admitted it has no record of why access to homes has been sought, whether to forcibly install the meters or for other reasons.

It also said that, once inside a customer’s home, the energy firm could “exercise any other right of entry while there”.

The admission has raised further doubts about the level of oversight for warrants being issued by courts to energy firms to force entry into properties. It has also prompted accusations of a legal “wild west” leaving some of the UK’s poorest families at risk of having no gas or electricity this Christmas.

MPs have urged the Government to halt the forced installations this winter, telling the Commons in a two-hour debate they fear a “conveyor belt” of warrants is leaving vulnerable customers in the cold and dark – including terminally ill people returning home to die.

Caroline Lucas MP said: “These court warrants on masse are being carried out with disgraceful lack of due diligence and care.

“Ministers have serious questions to answer. What specific reasoning is behind each of these forced-entry warrants, why they’re being rushed through at breakneck speed without proper verification and how on earth they have been allowed to happen in the first place?

“These court warrants amount to a mass exploitation of the vulnerable and the voiceless – and they must be banned immediately.”

Full story

6) Roger Pileke Jr.: Don’t believe the hype
The Honest Broker, 19 December 2022

Global Disasters in 2022, a Preliminary Assessment

In September, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres made the following claims upon the release of a report — titled ironically enough — United in Science:

“Floods, droughts, heatwaves, extreme storms and wildfires are going from bad to worse, breaking records with ever alarming frequency. Heatwaves in Europe. Colossal floods in Pakistan. Prolonged and severe droughts in China, the Horn of Africa and the United States.

There is nothing natural about the new scale of these disasters. They are the price of humanity’s fossil fuel addiction. The number of weather, climate and water-related disasters has increased by a factor of five over the past 50 years.“

As I and others have documented, Guterres claim of an 500% increase in disasters is pure misinformation. You will never find a more obviously and egregious wrong claim in public discussions from a more important institution. Making matters worse, the false notion of a massive increase in disasters is legitimized by none other than the World Meteorological Organization, one of the founding bodies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

I’ve spend almost 30 years working to understand trends in disasters, and the roles played by (a) societal vulnerability and exposure and (b) climate variability and change. Along the way I’ve observed a concerted and successful effort by climate advocates to create and spread disinformation about disasters, knowing full well that virtually all journalists and scientists will stay silent and allow the false information to spread unchecked — and sometimes they will even help to amplify it.

Readers here will well know that the actual science of weather and climate extremes and disasters that may be associated with them is far more nuanced and less apocalyptic than typically found in much of the public discourse. The scientific reality does not diminish the importance of climate mitigation policy, but it does say something about standards of scientific integrity.

In today’s post, I share some preliminary information related to global disasters of 2022. The information available today is incomplete — the year isn’t quite over and not all data analyses have been done and those that have are just a first cut. However, the information that is available today allows us to get a pretty good initial look at disasters of 2022 in historical perspective.

To be sure, 2022 saw some notable weather and climate-related disasters, including among them:

* flooding in Pakistan, South Africa, Nigeria, India, United States, and Brazil

* drought in Europe, Eastern Africa and China

* Hurricane Ian in Florida

Preliminary estimates are that as many as 11,000 people died around the world in weather and climate-related disasters in 2022, which is just about the average of the previous decade, according to data of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. The overall 2022 death rate for weather and climate disasters was about 0.14 people per million, representing one of the 5 lowest annual death rates since data is available (dating to more than a century ago) — and I’d venture in all of recorded human history. The years with lower death rates are all recent: 2021, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2014. It was just 30 years ago in 1992 that the global death rate from weather and climate disasters was more than 20x greater, at 2.90 per million. The diminishing human impact of disasters is a science and policy success story that is widely underappreciated.

Let’s take a look at some high-level initial data on disasters of 2022 to help get a sense of how the year fits into recent history. Here I focus on the total number of weather and climate disasters and their aggregate economic impacts. In a future post, I’ll discuss some specifics in more detail, including well-below average global tropical cyclone activity of 2022 and record-low emissions from forest and other fires. Detailed information on global floods and drought of 2022 will need to await further data and analyses. You can see my recent post with a detailed look at the U.S. specifically here.

Total Count of Global Disasters

Source: CRED. The estimate of 325 for 2022 is based on 300 weather, climate and water disasters through November, plus 27 estimated for December (=300/11).

The graph above shows that according to CRED EM-DAT — which is the same database that WMO and Guterres based their false claims on, but I digress — 2022 will see about 330 total disasters, under the EM-DAT criteria for inclusion. The 2022 count will be just about the average of the past decade and about 10% less than annual disaster counts of the first decade of this century. The broader impacts of these disasters (deaths, economic losses) are consistent with these trends as well.

Based on these data, which are viewed by CRED to be reliable since 2000, there is no indication that the number of global weather and climate disasters are increasing. That means that — undeniably — there is no evidence to support another false claim by the U.N that, “The number of disaster events is projected to reach 560 a year – or 1.5 each day, statistically speaking – by 2030.” (Have a look here.)

I am curious: When are journalists going to start reporting the facts about disasters and call out misinformation?

Global Losses from Disasters

Updated from Pielke 2019. Note: 2022 losses are estimated based on preliminary estimates from Swiss Re and 2022 GDP growth estimated based on IMF. Final numbers may be higher or lower, and more losses may yet occur in the remaining days of 2022.

The global reinsurance giant, Swiss Re, has projected that 2022 will see a total of $260 billion in total catastrophe losses. Based on this estimate, and an estimate of the IMF for 2022 global GDP growth, we can project that 2022 global weather and climate disaster losses will be about 0.2% of global GDP. That is just about the same as the median of 1990 to 2021. However, over that time period, losses have decreased (as a proportion of GDP) as you can see in the figure above, which updates a peer-reviewed analysis that I first published in 2019.

The past 6 years have seen a higher level of loss/GDP as compared to the previous decade, which can be attributed in large part to the “drought” of major hurricanes striking the United States over that period, 2005-2017. Of note, U.S. hurricane losses historically comprise more than 60% “global” disaster losses. There is also no indication of a dramatic acceleration in disaster losses as a percentage of global GDP that was forecast in the Stern Review more than 15 years ago. So whenever you read about “billion dollar disasters” and their purported association with climate change, I want you to think of just one word – disinformation.

Bottom Line at the Global Level

Disasters are awful — people die and are displaced, property and infrastructure is damaged and destroyed, and economies can be compromised. Planet Earth is a place of extremes. Hurricanes, floods, drought, heat waves and other types of extreme events are normal and always have been.

But to be sure, the prospect of human-caused climate change holds the potential for making extreme events more common or worse. For instance, there is already good evidence that heat waves have become more intense in many places and that increase is attributable to increasing greenhouse gases. However, for most types of weather and climate extremes neither detection of trends nor attribution of trends to human climate forcings has been achieved.

Don’t take it from me, take it from the IPCC.

At the same time, the ability of societies to prepare for and recover from extreme events is a remarkable story of policy success — deaths related to disasters have plummeted from millions per year a century ago to thousands per year over the past decade. That is still too many, but we should recognize that it also represents an enormous accomplishment. We can and should do more.

Unfortunately nowadays, every weather and climate disasters becomes enlisted as a sort of “poster child” for climate advocacy. Every extreme event and associated human impact is quickly turned into a symbol of something else— such as failed energy policies, rapacious fossil fuel companies, evil politicians, or callous jet-setting billionaires. It is a simple and powerful narrative, and one that is also incredibly misleading.

Full post

7) Chris Morrison: How billionaires fill the media with climate fear and panic
The Daily Sceptic, 20 December 2022

The popular prints are flooded with climate and weather misinformation. Net Zero, seen by increasing numbers of people as a looming disaster, is lauded to the skies. Few journalists investigate the ‘unsettled’ science behind unproven claims that humans cause most, if not all, changes in the climate.

To point out that there are not enough minerals in the ground to make batteries to power humanity’s basic transportation needs, let alone store the energy required to keep us all alive in the cold when renewables go on strike, is simply not allowed. Needless to say, as we have seen in a number of recent Daily Sceptic articles, this absurd state of affairs is partly the product of a carefully-curated public discourse targeting cash-strapped news rooms and funded by a vast supply of dark, green money.

Recently I reported that the Mirror had run a nonsense story about much of London disappearing beneath the waves within 80 years. I noted that this was not the handiwork of a crack team of investigative reporters, but rather the placed work of a U.S. green activist group called Climate Central. This operation specialises in ready-to-publish climate change material highlighting local landmarks allegedly due to disappear beneath the waves. Similar tactics are used by another activist group spreading fear and alarm called Covering Climate Now (CC Now). This operation is run out of the Columbia Journalism Review in New York, and is backed by the Nation and the U.K. Guardian. Both operations rely heavily on large gifts from Left-leaning U.S. foundations.

CC Now was started in 2019 and claims to feed over 500 media operations with written stories and climate narratives. Its “partners” include some of the biggest names in news publishing such as  Reuters,  Bloomberg,  Agence France-Presse (AFP), CBS News, ABC News  and MSNBC News. Leading journals are said to include Rolling Stone, Huff Post and Teen Vogue. The founders seek a “reframing” of the way journalists cover climate change. What this means in practice is amplifying an invented ‘climate emergency’ by constant story catastrophisation, while denying any inconvenient science. The political aim is the promotion of the command-and-control Net Zero agenda.

There is plenty of advice for tame journalists aiming to ramp up climate hysteria. “The fastest way to catch up is to emulate outlets that are already covering climate change well. You can’t do better than the Guardian,” CC Now suggests. But what to do about the problem that paying readers tend to disappear when fed a diet of spun political messages? “Foundations like Knight, Ford, McCormick and Emerson Collective are rightly increasing their support for local news organisations,” it adds.

Relentless catastrophising of individual weather events is the favoured weapon to spread climate fear among the wider population. Using the recent experience of the Covid pandemic, activists have been emboldened to spread panic and alarm in controllable media to achieve their wider political aims. Despite oft-made claims, it is impossible to use models to ‘attribute’ single weather events to long term changes in the climate. CC Now skirts this obvious problem by providing a number of helpful explanations for gullible journalists to copy-and-paste.

“Climate change isn’t solely to blame for extreme weather, but… it stacks the deck against us… it’s baked in with our weather and often a key ingredient in the outcome… it supercharges normal weather patterns, like steroids.” Journalists are told to emphasise the human impacts of extreme weather, noting that it affects “the poor, communities of colour, and indigenous groups first and foremost”.

All this sterling work, of course, deserves prizes. The 2022 CC Now Journalism Awards “honoured” writers producing the “strongest coverage of the onrushing climate emergency and its abundant solutions”. Winners are said to have come from the Guardian, AFP, Al Jazeera, PBS NewsHour and the Los Angeles Times. Journalist of the Year was Time Senior Correspondent Justin Worland. The judges singled out for particular praise an article he wrote ahead of COP26 titled, “The Energy Transition in Full Swing. It’s Not Happening Fast Enough“.

Billionaire-run foundations are spending enormous sums promoting junk alarmist science, in addition to funding on-side academic institutions and other influential bodies. Both Climate Central and CC Now are funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, while Climate Central takes support from the Grantham fund. This latter foundation is connected with the green billionaire investor Jeremy Grantham, and also partly funds three U.K. university institutes. At the LSE, this operation provides material that supports the Net Zero initiatives.

Jeremy Grantham is a long-time promoter of Net Zero and a future based on renewables. But it is not only journalists he has in his sights. Speaking in 2019 to a group of business people in Copenhagen about the approaching apocalypse, he asked rhetorically, “What should I do, you say”? His suggestion: “You should lobby your Government officials – invest in an election and buy some politicians. I am happy to say we do quite a bit of that at the Grantham Foundation… any candidate as long as they are green.”

The science writer and climatologist Dr. Judith Curry has become increasingly concerned about the effect of all this propaganda on children. In a recent essay, she wrote that it was difficult to avoid the conclusion that children are being used as tools in adults’ political agenda surrounding climate change. This is having adverse impacts on the mental health of children, she warned. The apocalyptic rhetoric surrounding the climate ‘crisis’ has numerous victims, she added. “Children and young adults rank among the victims of greatest concern.”

Full post

8) Michael Munger: Green energy is the modern “Broken Window”

American Institute for Economic Research, 19 December 2022

John Goodell studied literature at Berkeley, then got an M.F.A. at Columbia. He has edited Zyzzyva, a literary magazine in San Francisco, and been a contributing editor at Rolling Stone. Pretty impressive.

None of that qualifies him as a climate scientist or economist. So it’s surprising that web searches yield hundreds of solemn, even pious, invocations of Goodell’s economic wisdom:

“In reality, studies show that investments to spur renewable energy and boost energy efficiency generate far more jobs than oil and coal.”

I have not been able to find a source; the quote itself has become self-recommending, using authority by reference: “studies show…”  My good friend Russ Roberts often inveighs against the “studies show” formulation, but I think we have to give Goodell credit here. Studies really do show that dismantling, preferably destroying, the existing energy grid really would create jobs. The question is, why is maximizing jobs something we want to do?

Frederic Bastiat famously showed that destroying wealth creates jobs, in his discussion of the broken window fallacy.  But there was a broader context for Bastiat’s observations on the seen and the unseen: a serious proposal that all of Paris should be burned down.  Yes, because it would create jobs. Really.

Bastiat referred to research (“studies show!”) done by a fellow Frenchman on this score:

“What will you say, disciples of good M. Chamans, who has calculated with so much precision how much trade would gain by the burning of Paris, from the number of houses it would be necessary to rebuild?” (From The Broken Window)

Now, it appears that Bastiat was having a little fun; Auguste Louis Philippe de Saint-Chamans (1777-1860) was a viscount and a high-level French government official.

Viscount de Saint-Chamans had argued that London’s “Great Fire” (1666) had led to substantial net economic gains; he had not said anything about Paris.

Still, the point was portable: the increased use of resources, and substantial bump in construction employment, had increased economic activity in England by the equivalent of 25 million French francs. France should not be allowed to fall behind on the “destroy wealth to create jobs” race. Bastiat was just taking the Viscount at his word, improving the French economy by burning and rebuilding Paris.

It is worth reproducing Bastiat’s argument, from Economic Sophisms, at some length:

“I originally thought that we might base a great deal of hope on fire, without neglecting war or pestilence. To start fires at the four corners of Paris with a good west wind would certainly ensure the population the two major benefits that the protectionist regime has in view: work and high prices, or rather, work by means of high prices. 

Do you not see what an immense impetus the burning of Paris would give to national industry? Is there a single person who would not have enough work to last him twenty years? How many houses would there be to rebuild, items of furniture to restore, tools, instruments, fabrics, books, and pictures to replace! I can see from here the work that will move step by step and increase by itself like an avalanche, for a worker who is busy will give work to others, and these employ yet others…

What constitutes our wealth? Our needs, since without needs there is no wealth; without disease, no doctors; without wars, no soldiers; without court cases, no lawyers and judges. If windows did not break, glaziers would be gloomy; if houses did not crumble, if furniture was indestructible, how many trades would be held up! To destroy is to make it necessary for you to replace. To increase the number of needs is to increase wealth….

Either you believe that wealth consists in having more while working less, and therefore you allow [goods and products] to enter, or you think that it consists in having less with more work, and in this case, you burn Paris.”

One wonders what Bastiat would say about the current movement now in vogue among those who propose to increase jobs by destroying all the production, transportation, and power-generation capital devoted to fossil fuels. Burn all the gas-powered cars? Jobs! Tear down all the oil and gas-powered power plants, so we have shortages of electricity? So many jobs!

Once you are duped into believing destruction is productive, almost everything that a rational public policy would label as a cost becomes, by some judo move of seraphic intuition, a benefit. If need is wealth, then it makes sense to outlaw fossil fuels immediately, because of all the jobs created trying desperately to provide basic transport and energy.

The problem is that jobs are not wealth. Wealth is access to the goods, products, and services that make our lives better. It is true that “studies show” that wiping out all our productive wealth based on fossil fuels efficiently would create jobs. Those “studies” are among the best arguments against doing anything of the sort.

If my choices are to have wealth but no job, or to have a job but no wealth, I’d rather have the wealth.  But we don’t have to choose: we can have both wealth and jobs, if we don’t go around breaking all the darned windows.

9) Francis Mention: On to the great future of offshore wind power
Manhattan Contrarian, 19 December 2022

Today was a big day on the way to New York’s energy future: Our “Climate Action Council” voted to approve the final “Scoping Plan,” telling us all how we are going to achieve, among other goals, 70% of statewide electricity from renewable energy sources by 2030 and a zero-emission electricity system by 2040.

The press release has the headline “New York State Climate Action Council Finalizes Scoping Plan to Advance Nation-Leading Climate Law.” Here also is a link to the Scoping Plan itself.

Taking a look at the Scoping Plan and its Executive Summary, I find that the two biggest elements in getting to this zero-emissions electricity system are supposedly going to be offshore wind turbines and energy storage. I’ve covered the energy storage issues extensively in other posts. But how about this offshore wind thing? Surely, to commit New York to transitioning to using offshore wind as the primary source of electricity only seven years from now, they must have a very solid game plan for how it is going to happen.

Actually, as with everything else here, they have no idea. As of today, there isn’t a single functioning offshore wind turbine in New York State, nor is there a single offshore wind turbine under construction. The climate cultists on the Climate Action Council think that they can just order this up, and then it will happen.

From the Executive Summary, here is what the CAC says will be necessary to achieve its emissions goals:

“[The Scoping Plan] requires that the State install:

6,000 megawatts (MW) of distributed solar by 2025

3,000 MW of energy storage by 2030

9,000 MW of offshore wind by 2035.”

That 9,000 MW of offshore wind might initially sound like a lot. At 10 MW per turbine (huge), that would be 900 of these behemoths.

The EIA gives the total annual amount of electricity consumed in New York State for 2021 as 141,423,778 MWh. Divide by 8760 (hours in the year) and you get average demand of 16,144 MW. 9,000 MW starts off sounding like more than half of that. Not bad!

But of course wind turbines only generate at about 35% of capacity averaged over the year. So this 9,000 MW of offshore wind turbines will at best give us an average of about 3,000 MW, so well under 20% of our electricity demand for the year. Oh, and they’re planning to double electricity demand by electrifying cars and home heat, so make that 10%. And peak demand is as much as about 25,000 MW, 50,000 MW after doubling. When the peak hits you can’t count on the 9,000 MW of offshore wind for anything,. So why are we doing this again?

Undoubtedly, if this were being done competently, there must be a working demonstration project to show how the offshore wind will be built and then integrated into the existing system? Wrong. Rather, the plan appears to be to let some gigantic subsidized contracts and then hope that something gets built some day.

Here is a link to the website of the New York Energy Research and Development Agency (NYSERDA). They claim to have 4300 MW of offshore wind projects “under active development” in the state, which is less than half of the 9,000 MW supposedly coming. Of the 4,300 MW, almost all is in the Atlantic Ocean off New York City and Long Island.

Here is the key piece of their map:

But go to the Empire Wind website, for example, and you find a timeline indicating that they are just about up to the point of submitting applications for permits to federal and state authorities. Construction — if it ever actually occurs — is multiple years in the future. Nothing different over at the Beacon Wind website.

And what if well-funded environmental opposition emerges to these projects? That is almost inevitable. As an example, there have already been lawsuits by wealthy homeowners seeking to prevent cables from these windfarms from making landfall in their areas. Here is an example of one such brought in 2021 in the Town of East Hampton.

Full post & comments

10) James Freeman: The cold, windy voyage to alternative energy
The Wall Street Journal, 19 December 2022

This column has been making the case that replacing efficient forms of reliable energy with politically favored intermittent power sources is not as easy as it looks.

Some jurisdictions seeking to replace fossil fuels and/or nuclear plants with wind power may not have adequately considered the costs and benefits.

Perhaps no political class outside of California has been as hostile to cost/benefit analysis as the elected officials of Massachusetts. Now Jon Chesto reports for the Boston Globe:

“The state’s nascent offshore wind industry suffered a big setback on Friday when Avangrid told state regulators it wants to end its contracts with three major utilities to build a massive wind farm south of Martha’s Vineyard…In September, chief executive Pedro Azagra said Avangrid would postpone construction of Commonwealth Wind, which could eventually provide enough power for up to 750,0

Filed under: biden, egypt, emission, europe, gnd, un

« Climate Depot home

Benny Peiser‘s big warning to Americans: Avoid Europe’s green energy disaster

Climate obsession at government level comes at a high economic price to its citizens. ‘Saving the planet’ is mythology, not science.

From Tallbloke’s Talkshop

January 3, 2023 by oldbrew 

Climate obsession at government level comes at a high economic price to its citizens. ‘Saving the planet’ is mythology, not science.
– – –
From The Heritage Foundation, Washington DC (via Climate Depot)…

Benny Peiser: “I remember giving evidence to a Senate hearing here some years back, and I was saying: ‘Look, as long as these [climate] policies are unilateral, as long as you do this on your own, this is not going to address your main concern, which is CO2 emissions, because the rest of the world will not follow.’

And the rest of the world will definitely not follow Europe’s green experiment which is going so badly. No one wants to do what the Europeans are doing, because they can see the damage we are doing to ourselves.

Unless — and this is the whole point — unless you can come up with an energy policy that is attractive to other countries, in particular to poorer countries, they will not follow your lead.

Full transcript here.

A New Series of Posts on Bomwatch

It comes with some surprise that previously, the same mother, person and human being promoted using use fake news, horror-stories and cli-fi to cause deep despair in the minds of vulnerable children and young adults, thinking about their future

From Watts Up With That?

Bill Johnston

With all the chatter about rising temperatures and record hot years emanating from Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), CSIRO, the Australian Academy of Science, hard-core professors and climate-clowns at the Climate Council, a series of hard-hitting reports are becoming available on www.bomwatch.com.au that investigate how under the guise of data homogenisation, a cabal of scientists within the BoM adjust Australia’s temperature records to produce trends that are unrelated to the true climate.

In a similar vein to activist organisation 350.org’s traditional view of power, Australia’s race-to-the-bottom net-zero pledge depends entirely on the single pillar of ACORN-SAT (Australian Climate Observations Reference Network – Surface Air Temperature). Unpicking ACORN-SAT, using robust, replicable methods has multiple benefits, including showing unequivocally that the models are wrong, and undermining the credibility of State of the Climate Reports and other propaganda published by CSIRO.

Figure 1. The power pyramid as envisaged by activist organisation 350.org “the organisation (they) can trust” (https://trainings.350.org/resource/understanding-people-power/).

Omitting the detail, which is in the reports, Blair Trewin, who developed the 112‑station ACORN-SAT dataset creates bogus trends by:

  • Adjusting site changes that made no difference, while ignoring those that did.
  • Selecting comparators as reference series without ensuring individual datasets are homogeneous.
  • Using reference series comprised of data that likely embed parallel faults, to make disproportionate adjustments to ACORN-SAT.

While data-fiddling should be viewed with great distain, it’s not the case for some, including Trewin, the BoM, CSIRO and professors and worker-ants who depend on money they get from the Australian Research Council to reshape our climate history.       

For example, adding an emotive personal touch activist heatwave expert Dr Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick chief investigator on the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, told www.news.com.au on 20 November 2021 that as a mother, person, and human being she made the “extreme decision to move her family from western Sydney to Canberra, where the climate is much cooler for her daughters, aged 2 and 4”. (https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/family-moves-to-another-city-to-escape-atrocious-temperatures-due-to-climate-change/news-story/c9a4122d83bdaca3e15aed53d25cc599).

It comes with some surprise that previously, the same mother, person and human being promoted using use fake news, horror-stories and cli-fi to cause deep despair in the minds of vulnerable children and young adults, thinking about their future (https://theconversation.com/ can-cli-fi-actually-make-a-difference-a-climate-scientists-perspective-83033). Amid all the other stressors of growing-up, climate-porn pedalled by people they should be able to trust, is known to do real and lasting damage to vulnerable people and should be regarded as a form of child abuse.  

It is also useful for folks to remember that despite the hype, the atmosphere is still 99.96% CO2-free, and discounting station moves, changes and tricks like spraying-out the grass, detailed BomWatch studies have found no warming in the climate at Carnarvon, Meekatharra, Marble Bar, Parafield, Amberley, Rutherglen, and many other places including at weather stations along the Great Barrier Reef.

For her part, as mother, person, and human being, Perkins-Kirkpatrick could encourage her girls to enjoy re-runs of Frozen while she objectively analysed datasets that underpin her irrational warming-fears using BomWatch protocols. She could start with the freely available statistical packages detailed in the Parafield case study and datasets linked to each report, then openly discuss the outcomes at www.bomwatch.com.au or here on WUWT.

See her there!

Dr Bill Johnston

3 January 2023

Germany still buys LNG from Russia

Import of Russian pipeline gas to Europe is falling, LNG imports from Russia are rising. Germany also purchases liquefied natural gas from Russia.

From blackout-news.de

Import of Russian pipeline gas to Europe is falling, LNG imports from Russia are rising. Germany also purchases liquefied natural gas from Russia.
Image: kees torn, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Germany continues to buy gas from Russia, even though the pipelines have dried up.

Despite declining volumes, this is a lucrative business for the Kremlin. German energy suppliers and the state are currently building new plants on the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts to supply the country with liquefied natural gas and become less dependent on Russia.

However, data indicate that Germany also obtains liquefied natural gas from Russia (Zeit: 21.12.22).

Germany may purchase liquefied natural gas from Russia, despite pipeline closure

Germany is currently building new facilities to gain independence from Russia and switch to liquefied natural gas (LNG) to offset gas supplies from Russia that have been lost as a result of the Ukraine war.

But according to data from the market research company ICIS, Germany could continue to purchase liquefied natural gas from Russia.

Europe imported 21% more liquefied natural gas from Russia this year than last year, up from 18 billion cubic metres by the end of November.

Russia does not supply gas directly to Germany, but it does supply to some neighbouring European countries whose gas networks are closely linked to Germany.

By the end of 2024, Russia plans to build a new LNG terminal, Arctic LNG 2 in Siberia, which could increase the amount of LNG shipped to Europe. “The gas network in northwestern Europe is so closely connected that part of the Russian LNG inevitably reaches Germany,” explains gas expert Ed Cox from the market research company ICIS.

Origin of imported liquefied natural gas in Germany can be determined more precisely by new terminals

With the delivery of liquefied natural gas via the new terminals in Wilhelmshaven, Brunsbüttel and Lubmin, the origin of the liquefied natural gas imported into Germany can soon be determined more precisely.

However, there is no legal obligation for their operators to renounce Russian LNG, because the embargo imposed by the EU still applies only to Russian oil, but not to Russian gas. However, the contracts are concluded by private companies and not by the state.

The German Government supports possible trade relations through political talks. According to the energy suppliers RWE, Uniper and VNG, they have no interest in importing Russian liquefied natural gas via the new LNG terminals in Brunsbüttel and Wilhelmshaven.

Import of Russian pipeline gas to Europe falls, LNG imports from Russia increase

The amount of imported Russian pipeline gas to Europe has fallen significantly compared to the increasing LNG imports from Russia.

In November 2021, Germany still obtained 4.4 billion cubic meters, about half of its needs for the month, via the Nord Stream 1 pipeline directly from Russia, in addition to indirect imports via Poland. In the meantime, however, no Russian gas flows to Germany via these pipelines.

Gas consumption in Germany reduced by 27% in November compared to the previous year

Industry and private consumers saved about 27 percent of gas consumption in November 2022 compared to the previous year, which corresponds to about 2.6 billion cubic meters. However, this is not enough to completely replace supplies from Russia.

The rest of the gas is obtained from other sources. Norway is currently Germany’s most important gas supplier with about four billion cubic meters per month, followed by Belgium, the Netherlands and France. In addition to a small production off the Dutch coast, this mainly involves liquefied petroleum gas passed on from overseas.

The USA is the most important liquefied natural gas supplier to Europe, followed by African and Arab countries

The United States is the main liquefied natural gas supplier to Europe, with about four billion cubic meters in November 2022.

Almost five billion cubic meters were imported from various countries in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, including Algeria, Angola and Qatar.

Russian liquefied natural gas accounted for about 1.8 billion cubic meters in November, according to Belgian think tank Bruegel. This corresponds to about one sixth of total LNG imports into the EU.

Qatar plans to expand LNG capacity and sign supply agreement with ConocoPhillips

Qatar is currently planning to expand its capacities and has agreed an energy partnership with the German government.

A recently concluded deal with the US company ConocoPhillips provides for deliveries only from 2026, which ConocoPhillips is to transport from Qatar to Brunsbüttel. Then up to 2.8 billion tons of LNG are to be imported into Germany annually over a period of at least 15 years.

However, the gas from Qatar will arrive too late for the current crisis.

2022 Was Warmest On Record In Central England

There is no evidence in any of the above that 2022 is part of a longer term pattern of warming in the UK.

From NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

By Paul Homewood

 

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/meantemp_monthly_totals.txt

It’s been on the cards for sometime, but we now know that 2022 was the warmest year on the CET record. UK figures will doubtlessly follow suit.

There will the inevitable claims that this confirms both the UK and the world continues to get warmer. As far as the first is concerned, that is not the case, as the 10-year average remains virtually the same as it was in the early 2000s. In simple terms, we continue to see a pause in UK temperatures, which has now lasted for nearly twenty years.

As for 2022, the record high is actually well withing the bounds of normal variability. As the chart below shows, annual temperatures are frequently around 1C either above or below the 30-year average. Last year was 0.8C warmer than the 30-year average, whilst 2010, for instance, was 1.1C below. Both anomalies were the result of weather variability, not climate change.

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-and-regional-series

As the top chart reminds us, there was a significant uptick in CET in the late 1980s and 90s. Given that higher climate baseline, it is inevitable that we will continue to see new record highs occasionally set, even if there no underlying increase in temperature.

The story of the year’s weather is told in the chart below:

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/cet_info_mean2022.html

Most of the year saw temperatures in the top half of the range, but still within the 95th percentile. In short, there was a marked absence of colder than average weather, but no evidence of an upward shift in the temperature range as a whole which would be the case if there was a climatic shift.

We can break this down by calculating the number of days in each category for each month, based on percentiles of daily temperatures between 1991 and 2020:

https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcet/data/meantemp_daily_totals.txt

Over the year as a whole, there were 29 days above the 95th percentile, the statistical average of course being 18, while 16 days came in below the 5th percentile. Extreme temperatures at either end of the scale therefore made little difference to the annual mean.

But by far the biggest impact was had by the 216 days in the yellow band, above the median but below the 95th percentile. That compared to just 104 days below the median.

All of these days between the 5th and 95th must be regarded as “normal weather”

Backing up this conclusion is the fact that no monthly or seasonal records were set last year, far from it:

Month       Rank
Jan91
Feb9
Mar11
Apr62
May22
Jun107
Jul21
Aug3
Sep56
Oct5
Nov8
Dec117

On a monthly basis, there was not a single month which saw weather we had not had experienced before. Even August. which was the 3rd hottest, was 0.4C cooler than 1995. Most months, while warmer than average, were in no way unusually so.

We’ve looked at the numbers, but let’s look at the type of weather that lay behind them:

  • February was mild largely due to a succession of Atlantic depressions:

  • The spring and summer that followed were both particularly sunny, with high temperatures inevitable:
  • Towards the end of the year, the autumn, particularly October and November, experienced mostly unsettled weather and above average rainfall:

In a nutshell, we had just the sort of temperatures we would expect from the weather which we had. Sunny springs and summers invariably lead to high temperatures, whilst unsettled, wet conditions in autumn and winter usually bring mild weather.

There is no evidence in any of the above that 2022 is part of a longer term pattern of warming in the UK.

Sunspot Counts Hit a 7-Year High

December was a busy month on the sun. How busy? Senol Sanli of Bursa, Turkey, answered the question by stacking 26 days of sun photos (Dec. 2nd – 27th) from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory

From Spaceweather.com

By DR.TONY PHILLIPS

Jan. 2, 2022: 

December was a busy month on the sun. How busy? Senol Sanli of Bursa, Turkey, answered the question by stacking 26 days of sun photos (Dec. 2nd – 27th) from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory:

„There were more than 24 sunspot groups, some of them quite large, congested in two bands on opposite sides of the sun’s equator,“ says Sanli.

The congestion of dark cores catapulted the monthly sunspot number to its highest value in 7 years:

This plot from NOAA shows the ascending progression of Solar Cycle 25. It has outperformed the official forecast for 35 months in a row. If the trend continues, Solar Maximum will either happen sooner or be stronger than originally expected–possibly both. Stay tuned for lots more sunspots.

This story was brought to you by Spaceweather.com

Unknown, Uncertain or Both?

“People use terms such as “sure” to describe their uncertainty about an event … and terms such as “chance” to describe their uncertainty about the world.”  — Mircea Zloteanu

From Watts Up With That?

Guest Essay by Kip Hansen — 3 January 2023

“People use terms such as “sure” to describe their uncertainty about an event … and terms such as “chance” to describe their uncertainty about the world.”  — Mircea Zloteanu

In many fields of science today, the word “uncertainty” is bandied about without much thought, or at least expressed thought, about which meaning of “uncertainty” is intended.   This simple fact is so well known that a group in the UK, “Sense about Science”, published a booklet titled “Making Sense of Uncertainty” (.pdf).  The Sense about Science  group promotes evidence-based science and science policy.  The Making Sense of Uncertainty booklet, published in 2013,  is unfortunately an only vaguely-disguised effort to combat climate skepticism based on the huge uncertainties in Climate Science. 

Nonetheless, it includes some basic and necessary understandings about uncertainty:

Michael Hanlon:  “When the uncertainty makes the range of possibilities very broad, we should avoid trying to come up with a single, precise number because it creates a false impression of certainty – spurious precision.”

         A good and valid point. But the larger problem is “trying to come up with a single … number” whether ‘spuriously precise’ or not.

David Spiegelhalter:  “In clinical medicine, doctors cannot predict exactly what will happen to anyone, and so may use a phrase such as ‘of 100 people like you, 96 will survive the operation’. Sometimes there is such limited evidence, say because a patient’s condition is completely novel, that no number can be attached with any confidence.”

         Not only in clinical medicine, but widely across fields of research, we find papers being published that — despite vague, even contradictory,  and limited evidence with admitted weaknesses in study design — state definitive numerical findings that are no better than wild guesses.  [ See studies by Jenna Jambeck on oceanic plastics. ]

And, perhaps the major understatement, and the least true viewpoint,  in the booklet:

“There is some confusion between scientific and everyday uses of the words ‘uncertainty’ and ‘risk’. [This first sentence is true. – kh]  In everyday language, we might say that something that is uncertain is risky. But in scientific terms, risk broadly means uncertainty that can be quantified in relation to a particular hazard – and so for a given hazard, the risk is the chance of it happening.”

A Lot of Confusion

“The risk is the chance of it happening.”  Is it really?  William Briggs, in his book “Uncertainty: The Soul of Modeling, Probability & Statistics”, would be prone to point out that for there to be a “chance” (meaning “a probability”) we first need a proposition, such as “The hazard (death) will happen to this patient” and clearly stated premises, most of which are assumed and not stated, such as “The patient is being treated in a modern hospital, otherwise healthy, the doctor is fully qualified and broadly experienced in the procedure, the diagnosis is correct…”. Without full exposition of the premises, no statement of probability can be made.

I recently published here two essays touching on uncertainty:

Plus or Minus Isn’t a Question  and Limitations of the Central Limit Theorem.

Each used almost childishly simple examples to make several very basic true points about the way uncertainty is used, misused and often misunderstood.   I expected a reasonable amount of push-back against this blatant pragmatism in science, but the ferocity and persistence of the opposition surprised me.  If you missed these, take a look at the essays and their comment streams.  Not one of the detractors was able to supply a simple example with diagrams or illustrations to back their contrary (almost always “statistical”) interpretations and solutions.

So What is the Problem Here?

1.  Definition   In the World of Statistics, uncertainty is defined as probability. “Uncertainty is quantified by a probability distribution which depends upon our state of information about the likelihood of what the single, true value of the uncertain quantity is.” [ source ]

[In the linked paper, uncertainty is contrasted to: “Variability is quantified by a distribution of frequencies of multiple instances of the quantity, derived from observed data.”]

2.  Misapplication  The above definition becomes misapplied when we consider absolute measurement uncertainty.

Absolute error or absolute uncertainty is the uncertainty in a  measurement, which which is expressed using the relevant units.

The absolute uncertainty in a quantity is the actual amount by which the quantity is uncertain, e.g. if Length = 6.0 ± 0.1 cm, the absolute uncertainty in Length  is 0.1 cm. Note that the absolute uncertainty of a quantity has the same units as the quantity itself.

Note:  The most correct label for this is absolute measurement uncertainty.  It results from the measurement process or the measurement instrument itself.  When a temperature is always (and only) reported in whole degrees (or when it has been rounded to whole degrees), it has an inescapable absolute measure uncertainty of ± 0.5°.  So, the thermometer reading reported/recorded as 87° must carry its uncertainty and be shown as “87° ± 0.5°” — which is equivalent to “any value between 87.5 and 86.5” —there are an infinite number of possibilities in that range, all of which are equally possible. (The natural world does not limit temperatures to those exactly lining up with the little tick marks on thermometers.)

Dicing for Science

Let’s take a look at a simple example – throwing a single die and throwing a pair of dice.

A single die (a cube, usually with slightly rounded corners and edges) has six sides –  each with a number of dots: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.  If properly manufactured, it has a perfectly even distribution of results when rolled many times. Each face of the die (number) will be found facing up as often as every other face (number). 

~~~

This represents the distribution of results of 1,000 rolls of a single fair die. If we had rolled a million times or so, the distribution values of the numbers would be closer to 1-in-6 for each number.

What is the mean of the distribution?  3.5

What is the range of the result expected on a single roll? 3.5 +/- 2.5

Because each roll of a die is entirely random (and within its parameters, it can only roll whole values 1 through 6), for the every next roll we can predict the value of 3.5 ± 2.5 [whole numbers only].   This prediction would be 100% correct – in this sense, there is no doubt that the next roll will be in that range,  as it cannot be otherwise.

Equally true, because the process can be considered entirely random process, every value represented by that range “3.5 ± 2.5” [whole numbers only] has an equal probability of coming up in each and every “next roll”. 

What if we look at rolling a pair of dice?

A pair of dice, two of the die’s described above, rolled simultaneously, have a value distribution that looks like this:

When we roll two dice, we get what looks like an unskewed “normal distribution”.   Again, if we had rolled the pair of dice a million times, the distribution would be closer to perfectly normal – very close to the same number for 3s and for 11s and the same numbers for 1s as for the 12s.

What is the mean of the distribution?  7

What is the range of the result expected on a single roll? 7 ± 5

Because each roll of the dice is entirely random (within its parameters, it can only roll whole values 2 through 12), for the every next roll we can predict the value of “7 ± 5”.  

But, with a pair of dice, the distribution is no longer even across the whole range.  The value of the sums of the two dice range from 2 through 12 [whole numbers only]. 1 is not a possible value, nor is any number above 12.  The probability of rolling a 7 is far larger than rolling a 1 or 3 or 11 or 12. 

Any dice gambler can explain why this is:  there are more combinations of the values of the individual die that add up to 7 than add up to 2 (there is only one combination for 2:  two 1s and one combination for 12: two 6s). 

Boxing the dice

To make the dicing example into true absolute measurement uncertainty, in which we give a stated value and its known uncertainty but do not (and cannot) know the actual (or true) value, we will place the dice inside a closed box with a lid.  And then shake the box (roll the die).  [Yes, Schrödinger’s cat and all that.]  Putting the dice in a lidded box means that we can only give the value as a set of all the possible values, or, the mean ± the known uncertainties given above.

So, then we can look at our values for a pair of dice as the sum of the two ranges for a single die:

The arithmetic sum of 3.5 ± 2.5 plus 3.5 ± 2.5 is clearly 7 ± 5. (see Plus or Minus isn’t a Question).   

The above is the correct handling of addition of Absolute Measurement Uncertainty. 

It would be exactly the same if adding two Tide Gauge Measurements, which have an absolute measurement uncertainty of ± 2 cm, or adding two temperatures that have been rounded to a whole degree.   One sums the value and sums the uncertainties. (Many references for this. Try here.)

Statisticians (as a group) insist that this is not correct – “Wrong” as one savvy commenter noted.  Statisticians insist that the correct sum would be:

7 ± 3.5

One of the commenters on Plus or Minus gave this statistical view:  “the uncertainties add IN QUADRATURE.  For example, (25.30+/- 0.20) + (25.10 +/- 0.30) = 50.40 +/- SQRT(0.20^2 + 0.30^2) =  50.40 +/-0.36  …  You would report the result as 50.40 +/- 0.36”

Stated in words:  Sum the values with the uncertainty given as the “square root of the sum of the squares of the uncertainties”.

So, let’s try to apply this to our simple dicing problem using two dice: 

(3.5 ± 2.5) + (3.5 ± 2.5) = 7 ± SQRT (2.5^2 + 2.5^2) = 7 ± SQRT(6.25 + 6.25) = 7 ± (SQRT 12.5) = 7 ± 3.5

[The more precise √12.5 is 3.535533905932738…]

Oh, my.  That is quite different from the result of following the rules for adding absolute uncertainties. 

Yet, we can see in the blue diagram box that the correct solution including the full range of the uncertainty is 7 ± 5.

So, where do the approaches diverge?

Incorrect assumptions:  The statistical approach uses a definition that does not agree with the real physical world:  “Uncertainty is quantified by a probability distribution”.

Here is how a statistician looks at the problem:

However, when dealing with absolute measurement uncertainty (or in the dicing example, absolute known uncertainty – the uncertainty is known because of the nature of the system), the application of the statistician’s “adding in quadrature” rule gives us a result not in agreement with reality:

One commenter to the essay Limitations of the Central Limit Theorem, justified this absurdity with this: “there is near zero probability that both measurements would deviate by the full uncertainty value in the same direction.”

In our dicing example, if we applied that viewpoint, the ones and sixes of our single dies in a pair would have a ‘near zero’ probability coming up together (in a roll of two dice) to produce sums of 2 and 12.  2 and 12 represent the mean ± the full uncertainty value of plus or minus 5. 

Yet, our distribution diagram of dice rolls shows that, while less common, 2s and 12s are not even rare. And yet, using the ‘adding in quadrature’ rule for adding two values with absolute uncertainties, 2s and 12s can just be ignored. We can ignore the 3s and 11s too. 

Any dicing gambler knows that this is just not true, the combined probability of rolling 2, or 3, or 11, or 12 is 18% – almost 1-in-5.  Ignoring a chance of 1-in-5, for example “there is a 1-in-5 chance that the parachute will malfunction”, is foolish. 

If we used the statisticians regularly recommended “1 Standard Deviation” (approximately 68% – divided equally to both sides of the mean) we would have to eliminate from our “uncertainty” all of the 2s, 3s, 11s, and 12s, and about ½ of the 3s and 4s. — which make up 34% (>1-in-3) of the actual expected rolls.

Remember – in this example, we have turned ordinary uncertainty about a random event (roll of the dice) into “absolute measurement uncertainty” by placing our dice in a box with a lid, preventing us from knowing the actual value of the dice roll but allowing us to know the full range of uncertainty involved in the “measurement” (roll of the dice).  This is precisely what happens when a measurement is “rounded” — we lose information about the measured value and end up with a “value range”.  Rounding to the “nearest dollar” leaves an uncertainty of ± $ .50 ; rounding to the nearest whole degree leaves an uncertainty of ± 0.5°; rounding to the nearest millennia leaves an uncertainty of ± 500 years. Measurements made with an imprecise tool or procedure produce equally durable values with a known uncertainty.

This kind of uncertainty cannot be eliminated through statistics.

Bottom Lines:

1.  We always seem to demand a number from research —  “just one number is best”.  This is a lousy approach to almost every research question.   The “single number fallacy” (recently, this very moment, coined by myself, I think.  Correct me if I am wrong.)  is “the belief that complex, complicated and even chaotic subjects and their data can be reduced to a significant and truthful single number.” 

2.  The insistence that all “uncertainty” is a measure of probability is a skewed view of reality.  We can be uncertain for many reasons:  “We just don’t know.” “We have limited data.” “We have contradictory data.” “We don’t agree about the data.” “The data itself is uncertain because it results from truly random events.”  “Our measurement tools and procedures themselves are crude and uncertain.” “We don’t know enough.” – – – – This list could go on for pages.  Almost none of those circumstances can be corrected by pretending the uncertainty can be represented as probabilities and reduced using statistical approaches.

3.  Absolute Measurement Uncertainty is durable – it can be diluted only by better and/or more precise measurement. 

4.  Averages (finding means and medians) tend to disguise and obscure original measurement uncertainty.  Averages are not themselves measurements, and do not properly represent reality. They are a valid view of some data — but often hide the fuller picture. (see The Laws of Averages)

5.  Only very rarely do we see original measurement uncertainty properly considered in research findings – instead researchers have been taught to rely on the pretenses of statistical approaches to make their results look more precise, more statistically significant and thus “more true”.

# # # # #

Author’s Comment:

Hey, I would love to be proved wrong on this point, really.  But so far, not a single person has presented anything other than a “my statistics book says….”.  Who am I to argue with their statistics books? 

But I posit that their statistics books are not speaking about the same subject (and brook no other views).  It takes quite a search to even find the correct method that should be used to add two values that have absolute measurement uncertainty stated (as in 10 cm ± 1 cm plus 20 cm ± 5 cm).  There are just too many similar words and combinations of words that “seem the same” to internet search engines.  The best I have found are physics YouTubes.

So, my challenge to challengers:  Provide a childishly simple example, such as I have used, two measurements with absolute measurement uncertainties given added to one another.  The arithmetic, a visual example of the addition with uncertainties (on a scale, a ruler, a thermometer, in counting bears, poker chips, whatever) and show them being added physically.  If your illustration is valid and you can arrive at a different result than I do, then you win!  Try it with the dice.  Or a numerical example like the one used in Plus or Minus.

Thanks for reading.

# # # # #

Winter’s Risks Increased By Unaffordable Heating Prices

Spare a thought for millions who will be living through an uncertain winter due to unaffordable heating prices. The situation is worse this year because of the energy crisis in Europe, where fuel is scarce and expensive.

From ClimateRealism

By Vijay Jayaraj

Spare a thought for millions who will be living through an uncertain winter due to unaffordable heating prices. The situation is worse this year because of the energy crisis in Europe, where fuel is scarce and expensive.

In the U.S., a bomb cyclone that suddenly chilled much of the country sent power demand soaring and disrupted supplies to consumers.

Being a species born in the tropics, humans are prone to greater morbidity and mortality in winter. People exposed to cold conditions have a “higher risk of stroke, respiratory infection and other injuries” due to reduced strength and dexterity in low temperatures.

Whether the threat is a flu infection or a fall, the risk is generally greater in the more challenging environment of cold weather.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Death rates in winter months have been eight to 12% higher than in non-winter months.” It adds that “even moderately cold days can increase the risk of death for many people.”

The dangers of winter temperatures are not unique to temperate regions. Even subtropical people are susceptible. According to a study published by PLOS ONE, the subtropical Chinese city of Guangzhou “showed a clear seasonal pattern in mortality, with a sharper spike in winter.”

The heating of homes and other buildings is what reduces winter risks.

However, access to heating is not uniform across the world. In underdeveloped regions, the primary method of heating is to light a fire using wood, dried animal dung or some flammable waste available in the vicinity. People often forage for days looking for wood.

In more developed economies of the West, most people use gas or electricity-based heaters, which are more reliable, clean and convenient than open-flame heating. According to a recent survey in the U.S., 48% of people prefer to use gas. Electricity is preferred by 38%. Fuel oil and kerosene are the third most common source of heat.

So, it unsurprising that a high cost of gas and electricity leads people in developed economies to cut back on winter heating. In New Zealand, fuel poverty is reported to be a contributing factor to the country’s high rate of excess winter mortality and hospitalizations. According to a European Parliament report, “In 2020, about 36 million Europeans were unable to keep their homes adequately warm.”

Commenting on the sharp spike in the UK’s power prices in 2022, analyst Peter Matejic says, “It is impossible to think a care worker or a shop assistant will have to scramble to find hundreds more pounds to pay for their heating or that the entirety of someone’s income for a whole year will be less than their energy bill.”

The UK’s National Health Service, the second largest publicly funded healthcare system in the world, has issued a stark warning about increasing energy prices.

“The country is facing a humanitarian crisis,” NHS‘s confederation chief executive said. “Many people could face the awful choice between skipping meals to heat their homes and having to live in cold, damp and very unpleasant conditions.

This in turn could lead to outbreaks of illness and sickness around the country and widen health inequalities, worsen children’s life chances and leave an indelible scar on local communities.”

In the U.S., a study by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that “a lower heating price reduces winter mortality, driven mostly by cardiovascular and respiratory causes.”

In other words, winter mortality drops with the price of heating, and vice versa. Usually, this unaffordability of heating occurs when there is an overall slowdown in economic growth, resulting in lower purchasing power among consumers.

However, the current heating crisis is a direct consequence of “green” policies that have pushed up the price of energy in developed economies. An irrational insistence to transition to wind and solar has increased prices and reduced reliability of energy supplies. Blackouts like ones experienced by millions over the Christmas weekend are a serious threat to lives.

Policy makers ignore these realities at the risk of losing the public’s trust. Consumers who once casually put their lives in the hands of large utilities have reason to feel less secure.

Vijay Jayaraj is a Research Associate at the CO2 Coalition, Arlington, Virginia. He holds a master’s degree in environmental sciences from the University of East Anglia, UK and resides in India. 

Originally published by RealClearEnergy. Republished with permission.

Climate Realism has covered studies that show cold weather is more dangerous than high temperatures–to read more, click here, here, and here.

Arctic Ice In Perspective 2022

When Arctic ice is melting in summer until mid-September, warmists stoke fears about ice disappearing in the North. In fact, the pattern of Arctic ice seen in historical perspective is not alarming.

From Science Matters

By Ron Clutz

When Arctic ice is melting in summer until mid-September, warmists stoke fears about ice disappearing in the North. In fact, the pattern of Arctic ice seen in historical perspective is not alarming.

People are over-thinking and over-analyzing Arctic Ice extents, and getting wrapped around the axle (or should I say axis).  So let’s keep it simple and we can all readily understand what is happening up North.

I have noticed at some other blogs people complain about my monthly Arctic ice updates focusing on extents starting in 2007.

This post will show why that time period is entirely reasonable as a subject for analysis. I will use the ever popular NOAA dataset derived from satellite passive microwave sensors.  

It sometimes understates the ice extents, but everyone refers to it and it is complete from 1979 to present.  Here’s what NOAA reports (in M km2):

We are frequently told that only the March maximums and the September minimums matter, since the other months are only transitional between the two.  So the graph above shows the mean ice extent, averaging the two months March and September.

If I were adding this to the Ice House of Mirrors, the name would be The X-Ray Ice Mirror, because it looks into the structure of the time series.   For even more clarity and simplicity, here is the table:

NOAA NH Annual Average Ice Extents (in M km2).  Sea Ice Index v3.0 (here)

YearAverageChangeRate of Change
197911.697
199611.353-0.344-0.020 per year
20079.405-1.949-0.177 per year
20229.728 +0.323+0.022 per year

The satellites involve rocket science, but this does not.  There was a small loss of ice extent over the first 17 years, then a dramatic downturn for 11 years, 9 times the rate as before. That was followed by the current 15-year plateau with a slight gain comparable to the beginning loss. 

All the fuss is over that middle period, and we know what caused it.  

A lot of multi-year ice was flushed out through the Fram Strait, leaving behind more easily melted younger ice. The effects from that natural occurrence bottomed out in 2007.

Kwok et al say this about the Variability of Fram Strait ice flux:

The average winter area flux over the 18-year record (1978–1996) is 670,000 km2, 7% of the area of the Arctic Ocean. The winter area flux ranges from a minimum of 450,000 km2 in 1984 to a maximum of 906,000 km2 in 1995.

. .The average winter volume flux over the winters of October 1990 through May 1995 is 1745 km3 ranging from a low of 1375 km3 in the 1990 flux to a high of 2791 km3 in 1994.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261010602/download

Conclusion:

Some complain it is too soon to say Arctic Ice is recovering, or that 2007 is a true change point.  The same people were quick to jump on a declining period after 1996 as evidence of a “Death Spiral.”

Footnote:

No one knows what will happen to Arctic ice.

Except maybe the polar bears.

And they are not talking.

Except, of course, to the admen from Coca-Cola

Convicted Climate Activist: “we need … a different form of democracy”

Speaking to World Socialist Web Site, convicted Aussie climate activist Deanna Coco explains why we need a form of democracy which doesn’t involve public elections to solve the climate crisis.

From Watts Up With That?

SUV Drives Through Protestors. Image contrast enhanced from the original. Source Sky News, Fair Use, Low Resolution Image to Identify the Subject

Essay by Eric Worrall

Speaking to World Socialist Web Site, convicted Aussie climate activist Deanna Coco explains why we need a form of democracy which doesn’t involve public elections to solve the climate crisis.

Australian climate activist Violet Coco speaks on her jailing for Sydney Harbour Bridge protest

Our reporters 27 December 2022

…

In a serious attack on basic democratic rights, Coco was initially sentenced to 15 months’ imprisonment, with at least eight months without parole, and denied bail. She was the first to be sentenced under laws introduced by the New South Wales (NSW) state Liberal-National government to impose fines of up to $22,000 and jail terms of up to two years for protests on roads, rail lines, tunnels, bridges and industrial estates.

…

VC: People are becoming increasingly concerned about the lack of action on the climate and ecological emergency and that is a threat to the people who are making a lot of money off the fossil fuel industry. The more we make noise about the climate and ecological emergency the more they are threatened. It makes sense that they are going to try and silence us, and we can’t let their bullying tactics get in the way of protecting the habitability of our planet. 

WSWS: What are the political implications of the fact that both Labor and the Liberal-National Coalition support the implementation of these laws to defend the profits of big business? 

VC: It is clear that our politics has failed us and what we need is a different form of democracy to resolve this emergency situation. I have done a lot of work with Extinction Rebellion, who promote citizens assemblies. It is a form of deliberative democracy with a random and representative selection of the population, informed and facilitated. A bit like jury duty, but for legislation. 

We cannot trust either Labor or the Liberal-National Coalition to act in our best interest.

…Read more: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/12/27/efxg-d27.html

Climate activist attacks on forms of democracy which aren’t delivering the outcomes they want are nothing new.

The reality is all activists need to do to get their way is persuade ordinary people to support them. But despite decades of disappointment, activists still can’t bring themselves to admit the failure is their fault. They just aren’t persuasive enough.